Medicine based on scientific evidence versus medicine based on evangelical marketing.
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Calcium↗
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Results for “computer sciences”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
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Reduced radiation during cardiac catheterization of infants using acquisition zoom technology.
The new digital technology of obtaining images in an AZ mode effectively reduces the radiation dose to infants undergoing cardiac catheterization. Future software advances in this technique should enhance the image quality and potentially broaden its application to older patients.
Age Factors↗
Neural networks as models of psychopathology.
Neural network modeling is situated between neurobiology, cognitive science, and neuropsychology. The structural and functional resemblance with biological computation has made artificial neural networks (ANN) useful for exploring the relationship between neurobiology and computational performance, i.e., cognition and behavior. This review provides an introduction to the theory of ANN and how they have linked theories from neurobiology and psychopathology in schizophrenia, affective disorders, and dementia.
Humans↗
Chromatography and electrophoresis on chips: critical elements of future integrated, microfluidic analytical systems for life science.
Liquid chromatography and electrophoresis played a major role in the life-science revolution, most strikingly in protein purification, peptide fractionation and sequencing, amino acid analysis, and DNA sequencing. The objective of this article is to examine the potential role of separation systems in the continuing evolution of biochemistry, biotechnology and molecular biology. Very small chip-based systems may change how chemical analyses in biology, medical research and health care evolve over the next decade.
Biological Science Disciplines↗
An integrated CMOS microluminometer for low-level luminescence sensing in the bioluminescent bioreporter integrated circuit.
We report an integrated CMOS microluminometer for the detection of low-level bioluminescence in whole cell biosensing applications. This microluminometer is the microelectronic portion of the bioluminescent bioreporter integrated circuit (BBIC). This device uses the n-well/p-substrate junction of a standard bulk CMOS IC process to form the integrated photodetector. This photodetector uses a distributed electrode configuration that minimizes detector noise. Signal processing is accomplished with a current-to-frequency converter circuit that forms the causal portion of the matched filter for dc luminescence in wide-band white noise. Measurements show that luminescence can be detected from as few as 4 x 10(5) cells/ml.
Biosensing Techniques↗
Integrated CMOS photodetectors and signal processing for very low-level chemical sensing with the bioluminescent bioreporter integrated circuit.
We report an integrated CMOS microluminometer optimized for the detection of low-level bioluminescence as part of the bioluminescent bioreporter integrated circuit (BBIC). This microluminometer improves on previous devices through careful management of the sub-femtoampere currents, both signal and leakage, that flow in the front-end processing circuitry. In particular, the photodiode is operated with a reverse bias of only a few mV, requiring special attention to the reset circuitry of the current-to-frequency converter (CFC) that forms the front-end circuit. We report a sub-femtoampere leakage current and a minimum detectable signal (MDS) of 0.15 fA (1510 s integration time) using a room temperature 1.47 mm2 CMOS photodiode. This microluminometer can detect luminescence from as few as 5000 fully induced Pseudomonas fluorescens 5RL bacterial cells.
Biosensing Techniques↗
Security in perspective; luxury or must?
In this paper, security in health information systems is put into perspective. The further penetration of information technology into health care is discussed and it is concluded that information systems have already become a vital component, not only for the logistics of the health care institution but also for the rendering of care and cure. Health care depends heavily on adequate data, so availability and integrity are equally important. In view of the sensitive nature of many patient data, the importance of confidentiality was recognised long before computers were invented. For widespread use of IT in health care it is of vital importance that computers can be trusted in respect of confidentiality. This paper emphasises the need to pay attention to security and suggests a responsible approach with implementation of both technical and organisational measures.
Computer Security↗
Worldview and health promoting behavior: a causal model.
The present study investigated the manner in which Pepper's (1942) worldview theory relates to health promoting behavior. A sample of 259 subjects completed a battery of inventories measuring worldview, health promoting behavior (HPB), social class, and sex. The data were analyzed by means of structural equation modeling using the statistical program for the social sciences (SPSS) and the analysis of moment and structure (AMOS) computer programs. The results support the idea that a modest relationship exists between worldview and HPB, with organismic thinkers more likely than mechanistic thinkers to engage in HPB. There was also a slight indirect effect of sex on worldview and HPB, with women more likely to endorse an organismic worldview and therefore more likely to engage in HPB than men. No relationship was found between socioeconomic status and HPB.
Adolescent↗
Is the literature dead or alive?
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Communication↗
Gore pledges support for bioscience.
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Biological Science Disciplines↗
Development and integration of CAL: a case study in medicine.
CONTEXT: The Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences at the University of Aberdeen viewed the use of Computer Assisted Leaning (CAL) and other IT based learning resources as a possible way of coping with an increase in student numbers whilst maintaining or increasing the quality of medical teaching. OBJECTIVES: Our primary objective was to develop and integrate Computer Assisted Learning (CAL) applications into the undergraduate medical curriculum. SUBJECTS/MATERIALS: A wide spectrum of CAL applications were developed dealing with many topics in the curriculum. METHODS: We formulated a structured approach to CAL development by establishing a team of professionals (forming a CAL Unit), using existing expertise and by implementing a process to ensure that the CAL had a maximum impact upon the curriculum. The CAL included multimedia tutorials, learning guides, computer aided assessment (CAA) and Model Patients. RESULTS: There are now over 150 IT based learning resources in our curriculum and course evaluation has showed that these have been well received by students. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that with the wise use of the many skills and facilities usually available within an institution and by promoting collaborative projects with others, the production of high quality CAL is possible within most institutions.
Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
Computer assisted oral and maxillofacial surgery--a review and an assessment of technology.
Advances in the basic scientific research within the field of computer assisted oral and maxillofacial surgery have enabled us to introduce features of these techniques into routine clinical practice. In order to simulate complex surgery with the aid of a computer, the diagnostic image data and especially various imaging modalities including computer tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Ultrasound (US) must be arranged in relation to each other, thus enabling a rapid switching between the various modalities as well as the viewing of superimposed images. Segmenting techniques for the reconstruction of three-dimensional representations of soft and hard tissues are required. We must develop ergonomic and user friendly interactive methods for the surgeon, thus allowing for a precise and fast entry of the planned surgical procedure in the planning and simulation phase. During the surgical phase, instrument navigation tools offer the surgeon interactive support through operation guidance and control of potential dangers. This feature is already available today and within this article we present a review of the development of this rapidly evolving technique. Future intraoperative assistance takes the form of such passive tools for the support of intraoperative orientation as well as so-called 'tracking systems' (semi-active systems) which accompany and support the surgeons' work. The final form are robots which execute specific steps completely autonomously. The techniques of virtual reality and computer assisted surgery are increasingly important in their medical applications. Many applications are still being developed or are still in the form of a prototype. It is already clear, however, that developments in this area will have a considerable effect on a surgeon's routine work.
Computer Simulation↗
[Protection against competition for the operators of large technical medical equipment during the installation of new equipment in the catchment area. The judgement of the Federal Social Court of 9 May 1990].
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Economic Competition↗
Coarse-grained protein molecular dynamics simulations.
A limiting factor in biological science is the time-scale gap between experimental and computational trajectories. At this point, all-atom explicit solvent molecular dynamics (MD) are clearly too expensive to explore long-range protein motions and extract accurate thermodynamics of proteins in isolated or multimeric forms. To reach the appropriate time scale, we must then resort to coarse graining. Here we couple the coarse-grained OPEP model, which has already been used with activated methods, to MD simulations. Two test cases are studied: the stability of three proteins around their experimental structures and the aggregation mechanisms of the Alzheimer's Abeta16-22 peptides. We find that coarse-grained isolated proteins are stable at room temperature within 50 ns time scale. Based on two 220 ns trajectories starting from disordered chains, we find that four Abeta16-22 peptides can form a three-stranded beta sheet. We also demonstrate that the reptation move of one chain over the others, first observed using the activation-relaxation technique, is a kinetically important mechanism during aggregation. These results show that MD-OPEP is a particularly appropriate tool to study qualitatively the dynamics of long biological processes and the thermodynamics of molecular assemblies.
Amyloid beta-Peptides↗
Postural dynamics: clinical and empirical implications.
OBJECTIVE: To provide a rationale for the examination of posture from a dynamic (behavioral) perspective and to relate the vertebral subluxation to postural instability and motion sickness via inefficiency. DATA COLLECTION: A manual search of available reference texts and a computer search of literature from Index Medicus, PsycINFO, and ISI Science Citation Index Expanded were collected with an emphasis on postural dynamics, vertebral subluxation, and motion sickness. RESULTS: Evidence linking behavioral and health research has emerged from the study of posture and postural dynamics. Studies examining the relation between postural control and motion sickness have shown that motion sickness is preceded and predicted by postural instability. Motion sickness is characterized by maladaptive response to unusual motion events. The symptoms are nonspecific and variable. Although the Postural Instability theory of motion sickness predicted that instability should precede sickness, it did not make any claims regarding the symptoms associated with it. Chiropractic literature has emphasized the effects of vertebral subluxation on neurologic dysfunction. Vertebral subluxation is a condition that is postulated to interfere with neurologic processes and may influence organ system function and general health. As in the case of motion sickness, symptoms are nonspecific and variable (and in some instances the person may have no symptoms). So what do these disorders have in common? In each instance the disruptions lead to inefficiency in the system. CONCLUSION: Given this potential commonality, we propose that some of the methods used by behavioral researchers to study postural dynamics may also be of great utility to health care practitioners and psychologists alike. Furthermore we propose that this link will provide a framework that will allow scientists to address seemingly intractable problems such as motion sickness or subluxation.
Biomechanical Phenomena↗
Guidelines for digital scientific presentations.
In the world of scientific and professional presentations, the digital age has made an immense transformation. With these advances, digital media can be used to assist and enhance communication without losing the message. This article discusses guidelines for the presenter of scientific presentations with digital media.
Audiovisual Aids↗
Crossmaps: visualization of overlapping relationships in collections of journal papers.
A crossmapping technique is introduced for visualizing multiple and overlapping relations among entity types in collections of journal articles. Groups of entities from two entity types are crossplotted to show correspondence of relations. For example, author collaboration groups are plotted on the x axis against groups of papers (research fronts) on the y axis. At the intersection of each pair of author group/research front pairs a circular symbol is plotted whose size is proportional to the number of times that authors in the group appear as authors in papers in the research front. Entity groups are found by agglomerative hierarchical clustering using conventional similarity measures. Crossmaps comprise a simple technique that is particularly suited to showing overlap in relations among entity groups. Particularly useful crossmaps are: research fronts against base reference clusters, research fronts against author collaboration groups, and research fronts against term co-occurrence clusters. When exploring the knowledge domain of a collection of journal papers, it is useful to have several crossmaps of different entity pairs, complemented by research front timelines and base reference cluster timelines.
Authorship↗