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PubMed2002

Endometrial stromal sarcomas with unusual histologic features: a report of 24 primary and metastatic tumors emphasizing fibroblastic and smooth muscle differentiation.

We report the clinicopathologic features of 24 uterine primary and metastatic endometrial stromal sarcomas with fibromyxoid features (ESS-F) and smooth muscle differentiation (ESS-SM) (endometrial stromal sarcoma variants). Two groups of tumors were retrieved from the surgical pathology files at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center: 1) gynecologic mesenchymal neoplasms with striking smooth muscle or fibroblastic differentiation that did not meet the clinical or histologic criteria for leiomyosarcoma or other established neoplasms containing smooth muscle; and 2) metastatic lesions showing ovoid and spindle cell morphology, involving lung, originally diagnosed as low-grade leiomyosarcoma, low-grade smooth muscle neoplasm, intravenous leiomyomatosis, fibrous hamartoma, and benign metastasizing leiomyoma. We identified 12 patients with 30 tumors; 24 were available for review. The mean age was 51 years (range 21-74 years). Follow-up >1 year was available for eight patients, with a mean time of 8.5 years. Each patient had a uterine primary and 10 experienced metastases. Mean time to recurrence was 6.8 years. Sites of metastasis included lung, retroperitoneum, right atrium/inferior vena cava, colon, and ovaries. No patient died of disease, but in many cases the follow-up period ended with the discovery of a metastasis. Four patients were originally diagnosed with endometrial stromal sarcoma, but other presenting diagnoses included benign metastasizing leiomyoma, fibroleiomyomatous tumor of lung, smooth muscle tumor of uncertain or low malignant potential, and intravascular leiomyomatosis. On review each patient had at least one tumor (primary and/or metastasis) that was determined to be an endometrial stromal sarcoma variant. Review diagnoses were as follows: endometrial stromal sarcoma (nonvariant), ESS-F, and ESS-SM. Eight of 10 primary tumors with available slides were endometrial stomal sarcoma variants (six ESS-F and two ESS-SM). When these variant features were present, they comprised between 50% and 100% of the neoplasm. The variant histology tumors exhibited prominent spiral arterioles, perivascular edema, and stromal cell condensation around blood vessels. All metastases but one were variant tumors; eight were ESS-F and five were ESS-SM. Four metastases did not resemble the uterine primary. Desmin marked smooth muscle mostly but not specifically. h-Caldesmon marked smooth muscle exclusively. Endometrial stromal cells as well as some fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells expressed CD10. We conclude that the presence of even focal endometrial stromal differentiation in an invasive uterine mesenchymal lesion with a predominant low-grade smooth muscle, fibroblastic, and/or myxoid phenotype should permit classification as low-grade sarcoma-they should be considered endometrial stromal sarcomas.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical features of frontotemporal dementia.

What was once called Pick's disease has three major anatomic variants. With all three, frontotemporal brain is selectively injured whereas posterior cortical regions are spared. These three clinical patterns include a bifrontal, slightly asymmetric subtype with more involvement of the right frontotemporal region called frontotemporal dementia or the frontal variant of FTD (fvFTD), a temporal-predominant subtype called the temporal variant of FTD or semantic dementia (SD), and a left frontal-predominant subtype called progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA). The three anatomic groups help to classify distinctive clinical syndromes with unique features. Careful study of these subtypes of frontotemporal dementia, using combinations of new quantitative neuroimaging, behavioral and physiological measures are yielding important information about the functioning of the brain's frontal and temporal regions. As we come to better understand the biologic basis for the three FTD clinical syndromes, new classification schemas may emerge, but our current clinical criteria serve as a strong guide to the diagnosis and separation of FTD from Alzheimer disease and other dementias.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1985

Complex partial seizures in childhood.

A clinical and electroencephalographic study was undertaken on 215 children with complex partial seizures as selected on the basis of the International Classification of Epileptic Seizures (1981). Complex partial seizures were noted in 7.8% of the epileptic children. The ictal symptoms of complex partial seizures closely resembled those of psychomotor triad described by Lennox. Interictal EEG revealed seizure discharges from the temporal or frontal focus in 57.2%. There existed a group with automatism as a main symptom having both diffuse slow spike-waves and focal temporal spikes. This type should be interpreted to be one of secondary generalized epilepsies and be a variant of the Lennox syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Resolution of multiple green fluorescent protein color variants and dyes using two-photon microscopy and imaging spectroscopy.

The imaging of living cells and tissues using laser-scanning microscopy is offering dramatic insights into the spatial and temporal controls of biological processes. The availability of genetically encoded labels such as green fluorescent protein (GFP) offers unique opportunities by which to trace cell movements, cell signaling or gene expression dynamically in developing embryos. Two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) is ideally suited to imaging cells in vivo due to its deeper tissue penetration and reduced phototoxicity; however, in TPLSM the excitation and emission spectra of GFP and its color variants [e.g., CyanFP (CFP); yellowFP (YFP)] are insufficiently distinct to be uniquely imaged by conventional means. To surmount such difficulties, we have combined the technologies of TPLSM and imaging spectroscopy to unambiguously identify CFP, GFP, YFP, and redFP (RFP) as well as conventional dyes, and have tested the approach in cell lines. In our approach, a liquid crystal tunable filter was used to collect the emission spectrum of each pixel within the TPLSM image. Based on the fluorescent emission spectra, supervised classification and linear unmixing analysis algorithms were used to identify the nature and relative amounts of the fluorescent proteins expressed in the cells. In a most extreme case, we have used the approach to separate GFP and fluorescein, separated by only 7 nm, and appear somewhat indistinguishable by conventional techniques. This approach offers the needed ability to concurrently image multiple colored, spectrally overlapping marker proteins within living cells.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2003

European Union's rapid TSE testing in adult cattle and sheep: implementation and results in 2001 and 2002.

After the discovery of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), scientific advances quickly led to post-mortem tests to identify late-stage bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) disease. These were first used in Switzerland in 1999 for active BSE surveillance of a) fallen and emergency-slaughter bovines (risk stock) and b) 5% sample of routinely slaughtered cattle over 30 months of age. In 1999 and 2000, Switzerland's estimated 103 BSE positives per 1000000 adult cattle put it in the same BSE risk classification as UK and Portugal. In July 2000, the European Union's Scientific Steering Committee published its methodology (and first vetted results) for geographical BSE risk (GBR) assessment in cattle. Member states with no BSE cases found themselves, on rational assessment, classified as GBR III (BSE likely but not confirmed, or confirmed at a lower level). Because of Europe's thus highly assessed BSE risks, active BSE surveillance of adult cattle in all member states began in January 2001 using one of three validated post-mortem tests. Implementation was variable across member states in January to March 2001 but, where operational, active surveillance was typically achieved for around 13300 routinely slaughtered and 1000 risk stock per month per 1000000 adult cattle; BSE positive rates were 60 and 600 per 1000000 routinely slaughtered and risk cattle, respectively. By the second half of 2001, active BSE surveillance was operating reasonably in most member states, although anomalies persisted. Performance and results for July to December 2001 and for January to June 2002 are considered in detail. The BSE positive rate decreased substantially in UK, Portugal and Ireland between semesters, whereas Spain's rates increased for both routinely slaughtered and risk bovines. Based on 1450000 routinely slaughtered and 135000 risk stock as standard, France could have expected 153 BSE positives in July to December 2001 (109 in January to June 2002); Italy 154 (67); and Germany only 39 (48). When sample-based surveillance data were scaled up and combined with clinical BSE cases, Great Britain's BSE positives were estimated at around 400 per 1000000 adult cattle in 2002 compared with over 1000 per 1000000 adult cattle in 2000. Age distributions for cattle subject to active BSE surveillance have been underexploited. The major transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) which affects sheep and goats is scrapie. Passive surveillance of scrapie is associated with substantial under-reporting. Susceptibility to scrapie depends strongly on sheep genotype; but resistance to scrapie does not necessarily confer resistance of sheep to BSE. Because of uncertainty about the true prevalence of scrapie-infected adult sheep and concern that BSE in sheep may be missed, the European Union pre-empted its planned evaluation of rapid post-mortem TSE tests in sheep by requiring the rapid TSE testing of small ruminants from April 2002 with one of the three cattle-validated tests. Basic requirements for active TSE surveillance in sheep were: random sample of 6000 fallen sheep and of 60000 routinely slaughtered adult native sheep to be tested per member state by end March 2003. Lower surveillance targets were set for countries with under 1000000 adult sheep. Adequately to map scrapie-susceptible genotypes and identify resistant genotypes, a random sample of 500 routinely slaughtered native adult sheep was to be genotyped, together with each TSE rapid test positive adult sheep and two sets of three suitably sampled controls. By the end of August 2002, when 41% of the initial surveillance time had elapsed, only 20% of the European joint target for routinely slaughtered adult sheep had been completed, but that for fallen sheep was exceeded. Except in Ireland, the upper 95% confidence bound on TSE prevalence exceeded 500 per 1000000 routinely slaughtered adult sheep in reporting-compliant countries with more than 1000000 adult sheep. The UK, Greece, Italy and France were likely to approach the goal of 100 TSE rapid test positives on completion of their assigned first-year surveillance target for sheep. Results from the recommended genotyping of TSE positive adult sheep and controls for use in inferring differential TSE-positive susceptibility by genotype are awaited. Only by genotyping 5000-50000 TSE-positive adult sheep, a massive undertaking even on the European scale, will it become clear whether scrapie resistance is relative rather than absolute. This paper details Europe's quantitative evolution in TSE surveillance.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Up-to=date view on medical documentation in surgical clinic].

Computer variants of the fragments of clinical records were developed. They represent the parts: "Title-page", "Examination of surgical patient in the admission department", "Protocol of laparoscopic cholecystectomy". During modelling of the intellectual contents of the modules the principle of the formalized protocol was used, which has been realized with use of a context-depending menu. According to the authors opinion, newly developed programs provide objective and correct reflection of any clinical and surgical situation, use of standardized terminology and classifications, save the surgeons the trouble of "scribbling" and decrease time-consuming registration of medical records, provide specialized information, prevent possible diagnostic and technical errors, and give physicians, legal defence.

Documentation↗
PubMed2002

Fine needle aspiration of the thyroid: can an image processing system improve differentiation?

OBJECTIVE: To differentiate thyroid nodules by means of fine needle aspiration with subsequent computer-aided diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN: Fine needle aspiration biopsies obtained from 137 patients for whom histopathologic diagnosis was available were investigated: 16 hyperplastic nodules (12%), 39 adenomas (28%), 25 follicular thyroid carcinomas (18%), 19 follicular variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma (14%) and 38 papillary thyroid carcinomas (28%). From each stained specimen 100 cell scenes were scanned and analyzed, constituting a total of 62,325 cell images. RESULTS: All the entities described could be well discriminated from each other by automated image analysis methods. Both the diagnosis of tumor type and the differentiation between benign and malignant could be achieved with a sensitivity of .98. CONCLUSION: With only 7-10 calculated cell features (texture line analysis) and classification with decision trees, a tool for high-quality cell image diagnosis is available. Subtypes of cells characterized by the calculated features could be found in all the specimens and could be assigned to the malignancies with high statistical significance. The method increases the relevance of image processing as an additional diagnostic tool for cytologic examination of thyroid nodules.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1990

Myeloid cell differentiation in normal bone marrow and acute myeloid leukemia assessed by multi-dimensional flow cytometry.

A detailed analysis of normal myeloid differentiation was performed using mutlidimensional flow cytometry. Based on two light scattering and three color immunofluorescence signals, the normal maturation pathways of both the monocyte and neutrophil lineages could be elucidated. Gradual changes of light scattering properties and cell surface antigen expression defined the pathways of each of the lineages. The consistency of the location of these lineage specific pathways found in normal individuals provided the basis for the discrimination between normal and leukemic cells in acute myeloid leukemia (ANLL). The position of leukemic cells in patients with ANLL in a five-dimensional space was compared with the position of the maturation tracks in normal individuals. The expression of normal antigens on leukemic cells provided the tools to: (1) distinguish normal from clonal populations of leukemic cells in all 15 patients; (2) detect a lineage predominance, either monocytic or neutrophilic, in all 15 patients; (3) detect maturation heterogeneity in all 15 patients. Although maturation pathways of the monocytic and the neutrophilic lineages were analogous to the normal patterns they were distinct in several ways. The expression of normal antigens on leukemic cells may provide the tools to: (1) obtain a new frame-work for classification of leukemia based on the ability to quantify the aberrant antigen expression and to define a 'distance from normal' based on the characteristics studied (the maturation heterogeneity of the leukemic cells also can be correlated with the clinical outcome of the patients); (2) detect minimal residual disease using the difference in locations of the leukemic cells in the multidimensional space from the normal maturation pathways (3) monitor relapse and changes in phenotypes which may accompany chemotherapy, suggesting the appearance of variant or new clones.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed2002

Tumours of histiocytes and accessory dendritic cells: an immunohistochemical approach to classification from the International Lymphoma Study Group based on 61 cases.

Neoplasms of histiocytes and dendritic cells are rare, and their phenotypic and biological definition is incomplete. Seeking to identify antigens detectable in paraffin-embedded sections that might allow a more complete, rational immunophenotypic classification of histiocytic/dendritic cell neoplasms, the International Lymphoma Study Group (ILSG) stained 61 tumours of suspected histiocytic/dendritic cell type with a panel of 15 antibodies including those reactive with histiocytes (CD68, lysozyme (LYS)), Langerhans cells (CD1a), follicular dendritic cells (FDC: CD21, CD35) and S100 protein. This analysis revealed that 57 cases (93%) fit into four major immunophenotypic groups (one histiocytic and three dendritic cell types) utilizing six markers: CD68, LYS, CD1a, S100, CD21, and CD35. The four (7%) unclassified cases were further classifiable into the above four groups using additional morphological and ultrastructural features. The four groups then included: (i) histiocytic sarcoma (n=18) with the following phenotype: CD68 (100%), LYS (94%), CD1a (0%), S100 (33%), CD21/35 (0%). The median age was 46 years. Presentation was predominantly extranodal (72%) with high mortality (58% dead of disease (DOD)). Three had systemic involvement consistent with 'malignant histiocytosis'; (ii) Langerhans cell tumour (LCT) (n=26) which expressed: CD68 (96%), LYS (42%), CD1a (100%), S100 (100%), CD21/35 (0%). There were two morphological variants: cytologically typical (n=17) designated LCT; and cytologically malignant (n=9) designated Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS). The LCS were often not easily recognized morphologically as LC-derived, but were diagnosed based on CD1a staining. LCT and LCS differed in median age (33 versus 41 years), male:female ratio (3.7:1 versus 1:2), and death rate (31% versus 50% DOD). Four LCT patients had systemic involvement typical of Letterer-Siwe disease; (iii) follicular dendritic cell tumour/sarcoma (FDCT) (n=13) which expressed: CD68 (54%), LYS (8%), CD1a (0%), S100 (16%), FDC markers CD21/35 (100%), EMA (40%). These patients were adults (median age 65 years) with predominantly localized nodal disease (75%) and low mortality (9% DOD); (iv) interdigitating dendritic cell tumour/sarcoma (IDCT) (n=4) which expressed: CD68 (50%), LYS (25%), CD1a (0%), S100 (100%), CD21/35 (0%). The patients were adults (median 71 years) with localized nodal disease (75%) without mortality (0% DOD). In conclusion, definitive immunophenotypic classification of histiocytic and accessory cell neoplasms into four categories was possible in 93% of the cases using six antigens detected in paraffin-embedded sections. Exceptional cases (7%) were resolvable when added morphological and ultrastructural features were considered. We propose a classification combining immunophenotype and morphology with five categories, including Langerhans cell sarcoma. This simplified scheme is practical for everyday diagnostic use and should provide a framework for additional investigation of these unusual neoplasms.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma: a report of 15 cases and a review of the literature.

Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinomas are low-grade renal epithelial neoplasms, which were first recognized as a specific entity in the World Health Organization 2004 classification. Forty-five documented cases have been reported. We present 15 additional cases that were incidentally discovered in ten women and five men, with a mean age of 53 years. The tumor is characteristically made up of large eosinophilic regular spindle cells separated by a myxoid stroma with intercellular alcian-blue-positive clear droplets. In peripheral areas, elongated tubules and papillae covered by cubic cells are found. Until this entity had been defined, pathologists used to classify these tumors as variants of solid papillary carcinomas with compressed and elongated papillae, metanephric adenomas, and sarcomatoid carcinomas. In the literature, cytogenetic data indicate various chromosomal losses and gains, but no loss of 3p or trisomy 7 and/or trisomy 17. In two cases, we demonstrate chromosomal loss involving chromosomes 1, 4, 6, 11, 8, 13, 14, 15, 18, and 22. In our 15 cases, immunohistochemistry favored a distal tubule origin (EMA(+), AE1/AE3(+), CK7(+), CK19(+), E-cadherin(+), AMACR(+), and CD10(-)). Prognosis was favorable in our cases, while in the literature, two metastatic cases were reported. Further investigations are required to determine the frequency and true prognosis of these tumors, which are easily identifiable morphologically.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Phylogenetic and expression analysis of sucrose phosphate synthase isozymes in plants.

In plants and microbes, sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) is an important enzyme in sucrose biosynthesis. Several different isozymes of SPS exist in plants. Genomic and EST sequence data from Arabidopsis, rice and maize has been analyzed. This analysis has revealed that the Arabidopsis genome contains four unique SPS genes. The rice databases (Monsanto proprietary, and public databases) contain five unique full-length SPS genes. Using the Monsanto maize EST and genomic sequence databases, we have identified five full length and two partial SPS sequences, bringing the total number of presently known maize SPS genes to at least seven. Phylogenetic analysis of all known SPS sequences revealed several putative evolutionary branches of SPS. We have classified SPS genes into three major groups in higher plants, all with distinct features from the known microbial SPS genes. Furthermore, this analysis suggests evolutionary divergence of monocotyledonous (monocot) and dicotyledonous (dicot) SPS sequences. The evidence suggests that several gene duplication events occurred at various points during evolution, both before and after the monocot/dicot split. It appears that at least one of the major forms of SPS genes may have evolved after the divergence of monocots and dicots. In addition, several more recent gene duplication events may have occurred after maize/rice speciation, giving rise to additional SPS genes in maize. Some of the variants lack one or more of the presently known regulatory sites, implying that this evolutionary divergence may have given rise to enzymes with functional differences. We present evidence from transcript distribution studies using cDNA libraries as well as transcriptional profiling experiments and propose that specific SPS genes have diverse patterns of expression that are sometimes responsive to environmental signals. Our data suggests that higher plant SPS isozymes differ with respect to their patterns of expression and regulation and that our proposed phylogenetic classification reflects specific functional categories for higher plant SPS isozymes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Conferring RNA polymerase activity to a DNA polymerase: a single residue in reverse transcriptase controls substrate selection.

The traditional classification of nucleic acid polymerases as either DNA or RNA polymerases is based, in large part, on their fundamental preference for the incorporation of either deoxyribonucleotides or ribonucleotides during chain elongation. The refined structure determination of Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase, a strict DNA polymerase, recently allowed the prediction that a single amino acid residue at the active site might be responsible for the discrimination against the 2'OH group of an incoming ribonucleotide. Mutation of this residue resulted in a variant enzyme now capable of acting as an RNA polymerase. In marked contrast to the wild-type enzyme, the K(m) of the mutant enzyme for ribonucleotides was comparable to that for deoxyribonucleotides. The results are consistent with proposals of a common evolutionary origin for both classes of enzymes and support models of a common mechanism of nucleic acid synthesis underlying catalysis by all such polymerases.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed2004

Accurate identification of alternatively spliced exons using support vector machine.

MOTIVATION: Alternative splicing is a major component of the regulatory action on mammalian transcriptomes. It is estimated that over half of all human genes have more than one splice variant. Previous studies have shown that alternatively spliced exons possess several features that distinguish them from constitutively spliced ones. Recently, we have demonstrated that such features can be used to distinguish alternative from constitutive exons. In the current study, we used advanced machine learning methods to generate robust classifier of alternative exons. RESULTS: We extracted several hundred local sequence features of constitutive as well as alternative exons. Using feature selection methods we find seven attributes that are dominant for the task of classification. Several less informative features help to slightly increase the performance of the classifier. The classifier achieves a true positive rate of 50% for a false positive rate of 0.5%. This result enables one to reliably identify alternatively spliced exons in exon databases that are believed to be dominated by constitutive exons.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2003

Myeloid sarcoma: clinical and morphologic criteria useful for diagnosis.

Extramedullary accumulation of myeloblasts or immature myeloid cells form tumors called myeloid sarcoma in the WHO classification. Such tumors develop in lymphoid organs, bone (skull, orbit, etc.), skin, soft tissue, various mucosae and organs, and the CNS. They may precede or occur concurrently with acute myeloid leukemia, or reveal blastic transformation of chronic myeloproliferative disorders or myelodysplastic syndromes. They may also reveal relapses in treated patients. They are constituted by a diffuse infiltrate made up of medium-to-large cells. The cells are difficult to identify. Imprints are very useful. Immunohistochemistry can help diagnose and distinguish four variants: granulocytic myeloperoxidase (MPO+, CD 68+ [KP1+/-, PGM1-] lysozyme+, CD 34+/-), monoblastic (MPO-, CD 68+, [KP1+, PGM1+] lysozyme+, CD 34-), myelomonoblastic (MPO-, CD 68+, [KP1+, PGM1+] lysozyme+, CD 34-), or megakaryoblastic (positivity for factor VIII, CD 61, CD 31). Immunohistochemistry sometimes demonstrates expression of CD 43, CD 7, CD 79a, and CD 56 (particularly the monoblastic variant with t[8;21]). Recently the demonstration of CD 99 and CD 117, which can now be done on paraffin sections, may be useful to identify blasts of granulocytic origin. The diagnosis is missed in about 50% of cases when immunohistochemistry is not used. Patients with myeloid sarcomas should be treated in the same way as patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia. Disease progression and prognosis are similar for the two conditions.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1999

Preferential overexpression of CD44v5 in advanced gastric carcinoma Goseki grades I and III.

Tumor progression is associated with the clonal expansion of surviving cell variants. These results in cancer cell heterogeneity and selection of cells with a high malignant potential reflected also by the ability to metastasize. In seeding and implantation of cancer cells at the distant site cell adhesion molecules play a crucial role. Of particular interest is CD44 adhesion molecule, which possibly is involved in tumor metastasis development. Forty cases of an advanced gastric cancer were studied. Paraffin block were collected from the files. In addition to routine tumor typing, grading (Lauren and Goseki classifications) and staging, CD44 (standard, v5 and v6) was studied by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. CD44 immunoreactivity was found in 36 of the 40 studied cases. A significant overexpression of CD44v5 was noticed in gastric cancer. This was especially seen in Goseki's grades I and III (72.7% of cases) and was less common in Goseki's grades II and IV (44.4% of cases). CD44v6 was less commonly expressed. In some cases CD44 heterogeneity of neoplastic intravascular emboli was noticed and in some other cases stronger expression of CD44 was present in deeper parts of cancer infiltrate. Immunohistochemical expression was mostly in concert with CD44 gene expression as shown by RT-PCR results. Some discrepancies are discussed. These findings are interesting in view of better prognosis and different route of dissemination of Goseki's grades I + III compared with Goseki's grades II + IV of the gastric cancer. We have shown an overexpression of CD44v5 in an advanced gastric cancer, especially in Goseki's grades I and III. This could reflect a different malignant potential and a different route of dissemination of gastric well differentiated adenocarcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

[Calcium metabolism in various forms of hypertrophy of the "hypertensive" heart].

To study the changes occurred in integral calcium metabolic parameters in evolving "hypertensive" heart, a total of 100 patients with Stage I-II (WHO Classification) were examined. Myocardial structure and function were echocardiographically examined. Plasma concentrations of ionized calcium were measured by direct potentiometry. Plasma levels of calcitonin and parathyroid hormone were measured by radioimmunoassay. As the "hypertensive" heart progressed, the ionization of serum calcium was found to enhance along with an increase in calcitoninemia. In early formation of the "hypertensive" heart, parathyroid hormone remained unchanged, but became elevated only in severe left ventricular hypertrophy. The findings may explain the features of the clinical aspects of variant left ventricular hypertrophies in the "hypertensive" heart.

Calcitonin↗
PubMed1993

[Diagnosis of von Willebrand's disease subtypes by the analysis of multimeric composition of plasma von Willebrand factor].

The accurate diagnosis of the type of von Willebrand's disease (vWD) is important for a better understanding of its pathogenesis and for adequate treatment decision. We assessed the usefulness of the analysis of the multimeric composition of von Willebrand factor (vWF) in the diagnosis of vWD variants. vWF is purified by gel filtration and polyclonal, heterologous antibodies are raised in rabbits, which are immunopurified and radioiodinated. These are used to reveal, by autoradiography, the bands of vWF of various molecular weights separated by electrophoresis in agarose gels. This procedure reveals that 74 (80%) out of 92 patients with vWD suffer the classic type (I) of the disease, 6 (6.5%) type as IIA, 6 (6.5%) as IIB and 6 (6.5%) as III. The test is necessary for the correct classification of the patients, but is complex, laborious and expensive; it should be performed in patients with high probability of vWD or after the generic diagnosis of vWD has been made.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Whole-cell protein electrophoretic analysis of viridans streptococci: evidence for heterogeneity among Streptococcus mitis biovars.

One hundred reference strains representing all species belonging to the different phylogenetic lineages of the viridans streptococci were examined by means of one-dimensional whole-organism protein electrophoresis. For most of the species examined, multiple strains characterized by DNA-DNA hybridization were included and, wherever described, representatives of different biochemical variants were analysed. Most species were clearly differentiated. The data support the viewpoint that members of the Streptococcus anginosus group constitute a single species and indicate that Streptococcus mitis biovar 2 is a heterogeneous taxon comprising strains from several streptococcal species.

Bacterial Proteins↗