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At least 1,693 records · Page 94Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Objective measurement of normal facial movement with video microscaling.

This study examines variability in facial movements in normal subjects using a new objective method of measuring facial movement, video microscaling. Video microscaling superimposes a computer-generated measuring scale over a video recorded image of facial movements. Distances moved are determined digitally. Eleven subjects were tested raising the eyebrows and smiling five times on two separate days. Test-retest, day-to-day, side-to-side, and intersubject variability were evaluated. Average variability was relatively low; however, some normal subjects exhibited considerable variability, particularly from day-to-day and from side-to-side. Because of this, a facial nerve grading system based solely on objective measurements of facial movements may be invalid. Video microscaling is a promising research technique.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1994

Family-based intervention improves maternal psychological well-being and feeding interaction of preterm infants.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of an individualized, family-based intervention with preterm infants and their families. DESIGN: Randomized, repeated measures intervention outcome study. SETTING: Level III neonatal intensive care nursery. PATIENTS: Random sample of 34 preterm infants < or = 1500 g and their families. INTERVENTIONS: Individualized, family-based intervention during the hospitalization and transition to home addressed problems identified by parents in four domains including: infant behavior and characteristics, family organization and functioning, caregiving environment, and home discharge and community resources. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Standardized questionnaires were administered at baseline and discharge to mothers, and predischarge bottle-feeding interactions were videotaped and coded by two blinded observers. Results were in favor of intervention (Int) versus control (Con) mothers (baseline; discharge) (P < .05) on the Parental Stressor Scale Sights and Sounds subscale (Int 2.4 +/- 1.0; 2.0 +/- 0.8 vs Con 2.4 +/- 0.9; 2.6 +/- 0.8); Child's Appearance and Behavior subscale (Int 2.8 +/- 1.0; 2.5 +/- 1.1 vs Con 2.8 +/- 0.8; 3.1 +/- 0.6); and Total Stressor Score (Int 93.9 +/- 36.6; 72.3 +/- 41.8 vs Con 87.5 +/- 26.7; 87.8 +/- 26.2). On the Beck Depression Inventory, intervention mothers had significant decreases in depressive symptoms (39%; 11%) vs control mothers (31%; 44%). Maternal self-esteem in both groups improved over time. There were no significant group differences in family environment. During feeding interactions, intervention infants grimaced (P < .001) and gagged (P < .05) less than controls. Intervention mothers less frequently interrupted feedings (P < .001); less frequently stimulated infant sucking (P < .01); smiled more (P < .001); vocalized more (P < .01); demonstrated greater sensitivity to infant behavior (P < .001), better quality of physical contact (P < .001), and more positive affect (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Individualized, family-based intervention appears to reduce maternal stress and depression, and to enhance early mother-infant feeding interactions. Further research is needed to determine whether these short-term beneficial effects persist beyond the newborn period.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Event-related potentials in year-old infants: relations with emotionality and cortisol.

Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from year-old infants presented with sets of familiar faces presented frequently and infrequently, and a set of novel faces presented infrequently. The normative response of infants in this sample was a late positive slow wave to the Infrequent Familiar faces, and a return to baseline to the Frequent Familiar and Infrequent Novel faces (although there was a tendency for some infants to show a positive slow wave to the latter events). A factor score based on data from frontal and central leads that reflected this normative pattern was significantly associated with infant emotional behavior and cortisol. Infants scoring higher on the normative ERP factor were more distressed during separation, were reported by their parents to smile and laugh more, and had lower cortisol concentrations during ERP testing. These data were interpreted as reflecting the coordination of adaptive responding among different physiological and behavioral systems.

Electroencephalography↗
PubMed1993

Hydrochloric acid/pumice microabrasion technique for the removal of enamel pigmentation.

Products for lightening teeth are appearing on the market with ever-increasing frequency. Heavy advertising, coupled with heightened public awareness and expectations of an aesthetically pleasing smile, have resulted in increased patient demand for treatment to improve all types of tooth discoloration. Although it is the role of the dental profession to provide the services demanded by the consumer, it is also our duty to be discerning and to re-assess continually the techniques we use, for both efficacy and safety. To do this, long-term follow up of clinical techniques is essential. This paper contains the clinical results of teeth treated over 4.5 years using the hydrochloric acid/pumice microabrasion technique to remove enamel opacities and pigmentation. The subject under discussion is that of enamel discoloration: intrinsic staining with its origins in dentine, such as that caused by the ingestion of tetracycline antibiotics during odontogenesis, is not amenable to this form of surface treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Opiate hypothesis in infantile autism? Therapeutic trials with naltrexone].

The opioid hypothesis suggests that childhood autism may result from excessive brain opioid activity during neonatal period which may constitutionally inhibit social motivation, yielding autistic isolation and aloofness (Panksepp, 1979). This hypothesis has now received strong support and is currently based on three types of arguments: (1) similarity between autistic symptomatology and abnormal behaviors induced in young animals by injections of exogenous opioids, such as increasing social aloofness and decreasing social vocalization; (2) direct biochemical evidence of abnormalities of peripheral endogenous opioids being reported in autism and (3) therapeutic effects of the long lasting opioid receptor blocking agent naltrexone in autism. In this article, we give description of open and double-blind studies of naltrexone in autism. Naltrexone has been tested in several open studies. We performed an open trial with naltrexone in 2 autistic girls, displaying serious self-injurious behavior, reduced crying and a marked preference for salty and spicy foods, symptoms that could be related to a dysfunction of the opioid system. With dosages of 1 mg/kg/day, we observed an immediate reduction of hyperactivity, self-injurious behavior and aggressiveness, while attention improved. In addition, social behaviors, smiling, social seeking behaviors and play interactions increased (Leboyer, Bouvard et Dugas, 1988). Campbell et al. (1988) has also reported a tranquilizing and a stimulating effect in 6 out of 8 children with autism. We did confirm these preliminary results in a double-blind study performed on 4 children with autism. In a cross-over double-blind study, three dosages of naltrexone (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg/day) and placebo were compared.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nurse clowns in the OR. An interview with Barbara Ann D'Anna.

1. There is always some degree of stress in the OR. The trick is to play up the eustress (positive, motivating energy) and alleviate the distress (negative/draining energy). Eustress is characterized by smiles, chatter, purposeful movement, and an OR that hums with efficiency. Distress can be assessed by unhappy faces, loud grumbling, dragging feet, and an OR that grinds to a halt. 2. Humor relaxes people and situations. It allows creative juices to flow and enhances what people take away from meetings by facilitating the creative process. The staff members feel good about themselves and what they are doing, and they become more productive. 3. The OR can be both a wonderful (eustress) and a horrible (distress) place in which to work. We need to savor the wonderful--and season the horrible with humor to make it palatable. As directors use humor to reduce staff stress levels, they should remember to bring laughter and humor into their own lives as well.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Approval and disapproval: infant responsiveness to vocal affect in familiar and unfamiliar languages.

In a series of 5 auditory preference experiments, 120 5-month-old infants were presented with Approval and Prohibition vocalizations in infant-directed (ID) and adult-directed (AD) English, and in ID speech in nonsense English and 3 unfamiliar languages, German, Italian, and Japanese. Dependent measures were looking-time to the side of stimulus presentation, and positive and negative facial affect. No consistent differences in looking-time were found. However, infants showed small but significant differences in facial affect in response to ID vocalizations in every language except Japanese. Infants smiled more to Approvals, and when they showed negative affect, it was more likely to occur in response to Prohibitions. Infants did not show differential affect in response to Approvals and Prohibitions in AD speech. The results indicate that young infants can discriminate affective vocal expressions in ID speech in several languages and that ID speech is more effective than AD speech in eliciting infant affect.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The seventh key to facial beauty and TMJ health: proper condylar position. Part 3.

This is the eleventh article in a series of articles on orthodontic diagnosis. Only a proper diagnosis can lead to the correct treatment for an individual patient--leading to a balanced profile, a beautiful smile, and a healthy TMJ. This article is to document the first phase of TMJ treatment in patients who are being treated for TMJ Dysfunction related to posterior and/or superior TMJ displacement, and the change in the mandibular position and dental relationships that almost always occurs with proper treatment. The illusion of a posterior openbite "supposedly created" by the splint has led to much misunderstanding and unhappiness with both patients and family dentists. The real "cause" of this posterior openbite and treatment procedures to correct it will be discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Current state-of-the-art porcelain veneers.

The literature is increasingly describing the use of resin-retained porcelain veneers. The dental profession has eagerly adopted this technique and much of this interest has been fueled by the influx of patients seeking to improve the appearance of their smiles. Properly performed, porcelain veneers can provide outstanding esthetics, strength, and longevity. Important restorative applications are beginning to emerge that broaden the scope of ultra-thin bonded ceramic techniques. As with any new procedure, clinical and scientific investigation is required to determine the parameters for efficacy. This review will highlight some of the recently published papers that address important issues associated with the use of porcelain veneers.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Chronic plantar ulcer of a leprosy patient treated by fasciocutaneous instep flap transfer. Preliminary result.

A case of chronic ulceration of the foot (chronicity about 15 years) was treated with fasciocutaneous instep flap transfer. The ulcer was on the heel. Healing was fast (about 40 days post-operatively. Duration for conventional method is about 6 months) and after 12 months of ambulation no recurrence was noticed. The female patient with only one lower limb (the other already amputated) now goes about smilingly selling her wares. However, the footwear for the patient had to be further modified.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1993

Greater preference among females than males for dyadic interaction in early childhood.

The present study was designed to examine sex differences in children's preferences for dyadic and group interaction in early childhood. In Study 1, a professional puppeteer interacted with 21 females and 20 males 4 and 5 years of age using 1 (dyad) and 3 (group) puppets in a within-subjects design. Enjoyment of the 2 conditions was assessed through frequency of smiling and eye contact. In addition, sociometric techniques were used to measure the size of children's play networks, and observations of naturally occurring dyadic and group interaction were conducted. Study 2 was a replication of the puppet play procedure used in Study 1 with 38 females and 37 males 3 and 4 years of age. In both studies, females were found to enjoy dyadic interaction more than males. In addition, some evidence suggests that males may enjoy group interaction more than females. Results are discussed in terms of theoretical explanations for sex differences in preferences for interaction with differing numbers of peers.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1993

Mission: Philippines 1992.

A volunteer mission to the Philippine island of Negros for Operation Smile International in February 1992 is retold. Two Virginia PACU nurses share experiences of the situations and circumstances on their first mission, which profoundly affected their personal and professional outlooks and nursing philosophies.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

UNIX based client/server hospital information system.

SMILE (St. Luke's Medical Center Information Linkage Environment) is a HIS which is a client/server system using a UNIX workstation under an open network, LAN(FDDI&10BASE-T). It provides a multivendor environment, high performance with low cost and a user-friendly GUI. However, the client/server architecture with a UNIX workstation does not have the same OLTP environment (ex. TP monor) as the mainframe. So, our system problems and the steps used to solve them were reviewed. Several points that are necessary for a client/server system with a UNIX workstation in the future are presented.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1996

Stabilization of the hydrophilic sphere of iobitridol, a new nonionic iodinated contrast agent.

The chemotoxicity of iodinated contrast agents is essentially related to the spatial accessibilty of lipophilic and polarizable iodine atoms. This accessibility was examined in iobitridol by HPLC and 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy,taking into account both the static distribution of the hydrophilic groups around the triiodinated benzene ring and in particular the dynamic modulation of this distribution. The aim of this latter parameter is to prevent distortion of the hydrophilic sphere of nonionic agents when faced with a hydrophobic environment. Iobitridol is characterized by 2 tertiary carbamoyl substituents whose high rotation barriers (deltaG*353=27.6 kcal for E/Z-rotation and deltaG*345=17.3 kcal for syn/anti-rotation) stabilize the hydrophilic sphere. The 3rd dihydroxylated anilide substituent does not undergo SMILES rearrangement and provides iobitridol with its even hydrophilic distribution. Iobitridol presents remarkable chemical solubility (>140% m/v) and stability. The iobitridol molecule was specifically designed with the aim of stabilizing the hydrophilic sphere around the triiodinated benzene ring, therefore permanently masking access to the iodine atoms. This new concept represents a further step forward towards the synthesis of new iodinated contrast agents which should be totally inert vis-a-vis biological membranes and proteins.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1977

[The differential diagnosis of facial paralysis in the newborn: congenital hypoplasia of the depressor anguli oris and depressor labii inferioris muscles (author's transl)].

Six cases of congenital hypoplasia of the depressor anguli muscle and the depressor labii inferioris muscle are described. Hypoplasia of these muscles causes facial asymmetry in the newborn on crying and smiling, since the affected side of the lower lip cannot be drawn down and outwards. This frequently leads to the false diagnosis of partial facial palsy. Electromyography is helpful in the differential diagnosis by detection of the hypoplasia. In contrast to current opinion in the relevant literature, the authors believe that it is hypoplasia of the depressor labii inferioris muscle which is particularly responsible for the clinical picture, rather than merely hypoplasia of the depressor anguli oris muscle.

Electromyography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Flap designs for minimization of recession adjacent to maxillary anterior implant sites: a clinical study.

The purpose of this study is to present new flap designs for the prevention of postoperative gingival recession adjacent to maxillary anterior sites that received dental implants. Nine patients received 10 implants in the maxillary anterior region. Gingival morphotypes and smile lines were evaluated prior to implant placement. Gingival probing depths, clinical attachment levels, and recession were recorded at teeth adjacent to implant sites at the initial exam and 3 months after implant restoration. A minimum of 5 mm of crestal bone width was required for implant placement. The labial flaps for healed ridges and implants placed into sockets were extended to or within 1 to 3 mm beyond the alveolar crest. In two sites, transfer of the implant relationships was made to provide the patients with provisional restorations at the time of second-stage surgery. Four patients had implants placed at the time of tooth removal. In these patients, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene barrier membranes were modified, removing the outer rim of material. The inner portion of the material was placed over the implant and the flaps were sutured, leaving the center part of the material exposed. The purpose of using the barrier in this manner was to protect the clot and subsequent granulation tissue formation during the first 2 weeks of healing. The material was removed 2 weeks after surgery. Six implants were placed into edentulous sites. At second stage surgery, flaps were reflected to the alveolar crest, thereby minimizing the potential for gingival recession. Provisional restorations placed at the time of implant uncovering appeared to support the repositioned gingiva. Changes in probing depth, clinical attachment levels, and recession were not statistically or clinically significant. Results of this pilot project suggest that flap designs minimized recession at teeth next to implant sites.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1996

Depressed mothers' touching increases infants' positive affect and attention in still-face interactions.

The effects of depressed mothers' touching on their infants' behavior were investigated during the still-face situation. 48 depressed and nondepressed mothers and their 3-month-old infants were randomly assigned to control and experimental conditions. 4 successive 90-sec periods were implemented: (A) normal play, (B) still-face-no-touch, (C) still-face-with-touch, and (A) normal play. Depressed and nondepressed mothers were instructed and shown how to provide touch for their infants during the still-face-with-touch period. Different affective and attentive responses of the infants of depressed versus the infants of nondepressed mothers were observed. Infants of depressed mothers showed more positive affect (smiles and vocalizations) and gazed more at their mothers' hands during the still-face-with-touch period than the infants of nondepressed mothers, who grimaced, cried, and gazed away from their mothers' faces more often. The results suggest that by providing touch stimulation for their infants, the depressed mothers can increase infant positive affect and attention and, in this way, compensate for negative effects often resulting from their typical lack of affectivity (flat facial and vocal expressions) during interactions.

Affect↗
PubMed1995

Anecdotes from the history of anesthesia in dentistry.

I believe that dentists have made important contributions to anesthesiology and patient care. Medical anesthesiology is now being required to provide more same-day or ambulatory care. Where it was once good sport to criticize dentists providing brief anesthesia services for their patients, it has now become appropriate for physician anesthesiologists to use shorter-acting agents, improved physiologic monitoring, reversal agents, and early discharge as part of their care of patients. Anecdotes are informative and often provide us with nostalgic recognition and a smile. Ask yourself how you would have responded to the needs of your patients if you were practicing 40 or more yrs ago. We owe a major debt of gratitude to our gallant forebearers and an acknowledgement saying "Well done," and "God bless."

Anecdotes as Topic↗