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At least 1,693 records · Page 94Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Evidence that specific oligosaccharides block early events necessary for the expression of antigen-specific proliferation by human lymphocytes.

We have previously shown that monosaccharides and disaccharides will block the expression of spontneous monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. Our data were consistent with the hypothesis that human mononuclear cells express lectin-like receptors that are capable of binding to a variety sugar moieties found on target cell membranes. In this communication, we will present evidence that monosaccharides and disaccharides are also capable of blocking the expression of T cell reactivity as measured by an in vitro antigen-specific proliferative assay. The majority of sugars that blocked monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity had no effect on antigen-specific proliferation. Those sugars that did suppress antigen-induced proliferation had no effect on PHA-induced proliferation. Furthermore, some of these sugars only inhibited if they were added at the initiation of the assay; they failed to inhibit if added 24 hr after the initiation of the assay. Antigen-pulsing experiments suggested that these sugars did not block antigen uptake by human monocytes. These data suggest that a variety of cellular interactions may be mediated by receptors with specificity for simple sugars. The ability to block these naturally occurring lectins specifically both in vitro and in vivo may prove to be a powerful tool for dissecting out various forms of cellular recognition and collaboration.

Acetylgalactosamine↗
PubMed1981

Antigen-specific activity of murine leukocyte dialysates containing transfer factor on human leukocytes in the leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) assay.

We report on the extension of the direct leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) test as an assay for antigen-specific activity in human leukocyte dialysates (DLE) containing transfer factor to an evaluation of antigen-specific activity in DLE prepared from inbred mice. Murine DLE was observed to cause antigen-dependent and antigen-specific effects on the inhibition of migration of nonimmune human leukocyte populations. Pulsing of nonimmune human leukocyte with DLE preparations from BALB/c and SJL mice immunized with Candida, diphtheria toxoid, and SK-SD resulted in their inhibition of migration in the presence of the respective antigens. The antigen-specific activity in murine DLE was found to be present in lymph node cell preparations and to be absent from spleen cell preparations of the same donors. The activity of DLE in lymph node cells was found to be present in the theta-cell enriched subpopulation of nonadherent lymphocytes after passage through nylon wool columns. The antigen-specific activity of murine DLE, as we have reported for human DLE, was found to reside in the < 3500 dalton dialysis fraction and not in the < 3500 dalton fraction. We conclude that nonimmune human leukocytes in the LMI test provide a suitable assay for the detection of antigen-specific activity in murine DLE as well as that in human DLE. Additionally, murine DLE is active across species barriers and appears to share properties with human DLE.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Macrophage T cell interaction in man: binding of antigen-specific human proliferating and helper T cells to antigen-pulsed macrophages.

Adsorption of T cells over monolayers of autologous, but not allogeneic, macrophages (M phi) pulsed with tetanus toxoid (TT) antigen resulted in the specific depletion of the capacity of the T cells to proliferate and to release T cell helper factor in response to stimulation, with TT antigen. T cells that bound to the TT-pulsed M phi monolayers were specifically enriched in their capacity to proliferate in response to TT. Turkey antiserum to the human B cell glycoprotein p 29,34, but not turkey antiserum to human beta 2 microglobulin, inhibited the binding of TT-reactive T cells to TT-pulsed M phi. This inhibition resulted from the binding of the anti-p 29,34 antiserum to DR determinants expressed on the surface of the M phi. Immunosorbent purified IgG anti-TT, added in great excess, did not inhibit the binding of TT-reactive T cells to TT-pulsed M phi monolayers. Soluble TT antigen and rabbit antiidiotypic IgG, directed against IgG F(ab')2 anti-TT obtained from the cell donor, minimally inhibited the binding of TT-reactive T cells to TT pulsed M phi monolayers. M phi pulsed with urea-denatured TT, which contained less than 1% native TT, depleted T cell reactivity to TT to an extent almost equivalent to that achieved by M phi pulsed with native TT. These results indicate that human antigen-reactive T cells bind to the DR determinants of M phi pulsed with antigen and that the immunogenic moiety of antigen recognized by the majority of antigen reactive human T cells may differ from native antigen.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1982

Effect of organic solvents in the course of professional exposure on the E rosette test and skin reactions against distreptase and tuberculin.

The study comprised 106 workers having professional contact with organic solvents containing benzene, toluene, and xylene during 1 to 122 months. The reduction of the total lymphocyte and the T lymphocyte count (T cells forming both "early" and "late" rosettes with sheep erythrocytes) corresponding to the prolongation of the exposure time to the solvents (the negative correlation) was observed. These alterations are not associated with disturbances of delayed skin hypersensitivity against tuberculin and distreptase. The E rosette test may serve as a practical test for monitoring the biological effects of exposure to organic solvents.

Benzene↗
PubMed1984

Differential inhibition of human antigen-specific T cell clone proliferative responses by distinct monoclonal anti-HLA-DR antibodies.

The inhibition of diphtheria toxoid and varidase-specific T cell clones from a single DR 6/7 donor by eight distinct monoclonal anti-HLA-DR antibodies was tested in proliferative assays. These moAb were selected because they had been previously defined for their ability: 1) to react with Ia molecules; 2) to recognize similar or different epitopes; 3) to share or not share idiotypic specificities. Our results show a distinct inhibition pattern for each clone tested. Furthermore, the various moAb could be classified into three groups according to their inhibitory effect on T cell proliferation. These data suggest: a) an epitopic restriction by class II antigens of antigen-specific human T cell clone proliferation; and b) the recognition of functional epitopes on the human Ia-like antigens by some but not all moAb studied.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1983

Divergent T gamma cell functions in antigen-induced blastogenesis: facilitory interactions with Tnon gamma cells and participation in monocyte- and prostaglandin-mediated suppression.

The contribution of T gamma cells, i.e., T cells bearing surface receptors for the Fc portion of IgG, to the immunologic response to antigen has not been assessed in health or disease. We examined the role of T gamma cells in antigen-induced blastogenesis of T cells from healthy subjects and characterized their participation in monocyte- and prostaglandin-mediated suppression. Cell fractions enriched in the depleted of T gamma cells were prepared from nonadherent T cells by preparative rosetting with IgG-sensitized ox erythrocytes; antigen-induced blastogenesis was assayed as 3H-thymidine incorporation (3H-TdR), by microculture techniques. Removal of T gamma cells resulted in a Tnon gamma cell fraction whose in vitro response to soluble antigen was a mean 40% +/- 8 less than the response of the unseparated T cells from the same donors. Antigen did not induce 3H-TdR in cultures of T gamma cells; however, in cell-mixing experiments, addition of autologous T gamma cells reconstituted the antigen responsiveness of the Tnon gamma cell fraction. Monocytes (MN) added to cell cultures at a ratio known to be suppressive in vitro (MN to T = 1:4) significantly decreased antigen-induced 3H-TdR of unseparated T cells but did not alter the antigen responses of Tnon gamma cells. MN-dependent suppression was abrogated by co-culture with indomethacin. Exogenous prostaglandin E2, an immunosuppressive cyclooxygenase product of MN, selectively decreased antigen-induced 3H-TdR of cell cultures containing T gamma cells but did not affect antigen responses of Tnon gamma cell fraction. Thus these studies show that MN and their cyclooxygenase products modulate T gamma cells to function in a suppressive mode. This demonstration of divergent T gamma cell functions indicates that the contribution of an expanded T gamma cell population to altered antigen reactivity in disease can be determined only by careful functional studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Treatment of infected surgical wounds with Varidase.

In 18 patients with subcutaneous wound infection after laparotomy the wounds were randomly treated with normal saline solution or with Varidase solution after complete opening, according to a double-blind system. Treatment was discontinued when the wound was clean enough for secondary suture or the patient could be discharged from hospital. Three patients, in whom the treatment was not completed because of intercurrent complications, were excluded from the evaluation. When the double-blind code was broken, 11 patients were found to have received saline treatment and 7 Varidase. The duration of the wound-dressing periods averaged 13.45 +/- 6.77 days in the former group and 5.00 +/- 2.16 in the latter. The difference is statistically significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Evaluation of the effects of malnutrition and malaria on skin reactions in delayed hypersensitivity to tuberculin, varidase and phytohemagglutinin].

The effects of both malnutrition and malarial infection on cell mediated hypersensitivity (CMH) to tuberculin, varidase and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) has been evaluated in a group of children from a rural area of Upper Volta, aged lower than 3 years. Only the response to PHA was decreased during the course of malnutrition. In plasmodium infection associated with a low degree of parasitemia, it appeared that there was no effect on the frequency of positive responses to either these antigens or mitogen at any nutritional conditions. The high prevalence of tuberculin positive test allows to support the interest of a precocious anti tuberculin vaccination.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1983

The skin test antigen stimulated killer (STAK) cell mediating NK like CMC is OKM1 positive and OKT3 negative.

Recently we demonstrated that candida antigen stimulated natural killer cell like cell-mediated cytolysis (NK like CMC) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) isolated from normal individuals (Tartof et al., 1980). Utilizing monoclonal antibodies directed against human mononuclear cell subpopulations in conjunction with a fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) we determined that, similar to the previously described NK cell, the skin test antigen stimulated killer (STAK) cell is a larger OKM1 positive, OKT3 negative cell. We obtained similar results using two different skin test antigens. Thus, stimulation of NK like CMC in PBMNC by skin test antigens probably represents activation of NK or NK like cells.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗