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At least 1,693 records · Page 94Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Osteomyelitis of the skull following scalp reduction and hair plug transplantation.

A case of Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis of the skull following scalp reduction and hair plug transplantation is presented. Frontal and biparietal craniectomies were performed, adjacent galea and subcutaneous tissues were excised, and intravenous antibiotics were administered to eradicate the infection and forestall the development of sagittal sinus thrombosis. Persistent drainage of hair plug transplantation sites may suggest underlying osteomyelitis.

Hair↗
PubMed1981

Scalp--in search of the perfect donor site.

In many cases where a wound to be grafted is large, particularly in burns, the patient's condition may be aggravated by exposed donor sites. Adding thigh or even buttock scars to a patient must be carefully considered. The scalp, it appears, is a safe, reliable, and truly hidden donor site. For this and other reasons mentioned, its use should be promoted in plastic surgery.

Burns↗
PubMed1986

Subcutaneous tissue in the scalp: anatomical, physiological, and clinical study.

The galea aponeurotica has been used by various surgeons either as a supporting sheet or as a blood carrier for bringing flaps to various areas of the face. In this study, we first reviewed the anatomy of the scalp vascularization by means of cadaver injections. The arteries and veins are mainly located in the galea and numerous anastomotic vessels are present over the vertex. The physiology of this vascularization has been studied by percutaneous PO2 registration after occlusion of various vessels by means of a tourniquet placed around the head. The superficial temporal arteries have been found to be the most important vessels for designing flaps over the head. On the basis of these experiments, several patients have been operated upon. The possibility of using a skin island from the retroauricular region based on subcutaneous tissue only is described.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Follicular occlusion triad: hidradenitis suppurativa, acne conglobata, and dissecting cellulitis of the scalp.

The pathophysiology and treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa, acne conglobata, and dissecting cellulitis of the scalp, which constitute the follicular occlusion triad, are reviewed. The unusual occurrence of all three components in a single patient resistant to medical management is presented with a review of the literature. This patient's course was complicated by multiple synchronous squamous cell carcinomas developing in a localized area where his acne conglobata was most pronounced. Although one lesion was clinically obvious, the majority were less suspicious for cancer. Occult cancer should be considered in recalcitrant cases of acne conglobata where isolated areas fail to respond to medical management, particularly when 13-cis-retinoic acid has been used.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1987

Scalp, skull, and dura reconstruction on an emergency basis.

Severe cranial trauma caused by an industrial accident resulted in loss of scalp, skull, dura, and brain tissue in the left frontal region of a 55-year-old man. Successful one-stage total reconstruction of the defect was accomplished using a patch of fascia lata, autogenous split rib graft, and a free forearm flap on an emergency basis. A ten-month follow-up showed uneventful recovery and a good cosmetic result.

Craniocerebral Trauma↗
PubMed1987

Advancement in scalp grafts.

Hair transplantation has become the most frequent operation performed on male patients because the results are very gratifying. We have been using the square scalp grafts for more than 10 years. They are an important technical advancement over the round punch grafts because they have 25% more hair than round grafts with the same diameter. The donor site is sutured and leaves only a lineal scar. In this way, grafts can be taken from the same place several times. The grafts are manipulated under magnification to minimize damage. The operation is performed under local anesthesia on an outpatient basis.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1989

The role of external cranial fixation in simplifying scalp composite tissue transfer.

The use of external devices for cranial suspension or immobilization may facilitate the transfer of skin grafts or flaps needed for scalp coverage. Skull tongs are readily available in any trauma center. Following composite tissue transfer to the skull, skull tongs can prevent compromise of the microanastomoses or the flap itself by eliminating pressure or shear forces that might otherwise jeopardize these reconstructive efforts.

Bone Nails↗
PubMed1990

Treatment of the concrete scalp donor site.

The scalp has become a popular donor site for split-thickness skin, and few complications have been reported. However, we have been troubled by 5 patients in whom the donor site did not epithelialize but rather turned into dried granulation tissue with embedded growing hairs, a situation rather like concrete with steel reinforcing rods. The pathophysiology is not clear but seems to be related to thick grafts from hair-bearing areas. We treated the lesions by removing the granulation tissue, shaving the hair, and treating the wound as a new donor site. Four lesions healed with total or near total regrowth of hair, and one required a small skin graft.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The use of periosteal flaps in scalp and forehead reconstruction.

In certain clinical situations, coverage of scalp and forehead soft-tissue defects is best accomplished by skin graft. When bone is also exposed, however, skin graft coverage may not be possible. Flaps of periosteum can be used in these cases as bony coverage, thus providing the vascularized bed necessary for skin graft "take." Advantages and disadvantages of these periosteal flaps are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Preexpanded radial forearm free flap to the scalp.

The radial forearm flap is a versatile tool for the reconstructive surgeon because of its thinness, durable skin quality, aesthetic match, and relative ease of dissection. This flap is an ideal candidate for reconstruction of head and neck defects. One of the drawbacks is its relative small size, which may limit its use in certain applications. We describe the preexpansion of the radial forearm flap for its use in covering a large scalp defect. Preexpansion of the radial forearm free flap enables the reconstructive surgeon to increase the size of the flap markedly without altering its neurovascular anatomic relationships. Also described is the unexpected benefit of a periprosthetic capsule that covers the flexor tendons of the forearm and acts as an excellent bed for a skin graft.

Burns↗
PubMed1990

Skin expansion--a sword that "stretches" two ways: scalp expansion and bone erosion.

Tissue expanders, which are used to enlarge the soft tissue of the scalp, eroded the outer table of the skull as well as a portion of the inner table. The patient in this case study is documented with photographs, and the entity of pressure due to skin expanders is discussed. A growing list of complications makes it important to be aware of the possible pitfalls of expanders and to discuss them with patients and/or their families, particularly when tissue expanders are used in children.

Dermatologic Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1995

Intraoperative scalp management in craniofacial surgery.

A simple hair-braiding technique is presented as an adjunct for the intraoperative management of the scalp in patients undergoing craniofacial reconstruction with exposure through a coronal incision. The method is described, and its practical advantages over standard approaches are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Isolated supraorbital rim fracture displaced out of scalp: a case report.

Isolated fractures of the supraorbital rim are rarely seen. In this report, an isolated supraorbital rim fracture is presented in which the segment of the rim was completely removed from its location onto the frontal bone in a traffic accident. It was thought to be a foreign body and was delivered outside the scalp in the emergency service. It was replaced 24 hours after the trauma, and the patient healed without any problem.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2001

Lactate measurements in scalp and cord arterial blood.

Lactate has been measured to evaluate fetal metabolic acidosis for some decades. However, not until the past few years have reliable lactate meters become available for bedside obstetric practice. The new technology, which requires only 5 microl blood, has reduced the sampling failure rate of fetal scalp blood to almost nil. A growing body of evidence has also shown lactate to be good at predicting neonatal outcome.

Acid-Base Imbalance↗
PubMed1997

Evidence for rapid face recognition from human scalp and intracranial electrodes.

It is still generally believed that complex visual analysis is not carried out within the first 100 ms. Here we show that intra- and extracranial visual evoked potentials (VEPs) differentiate previously seen faces from novel faces as early as 50 ms after stimulus onset. EEG was recorded from scalp electrodes in 12 male healthy volunteers (group I) and intracranially from implanted depth electrodes in the temporal and frontal cortex of seven epilepsy patients (group II). Both groups were engaged in a face recognition task. All subjects showed significant differential responses which occurred very early (50-90 ms) and later (190-600 ms). In group II, the early responses were recorded more frequently in the right hemisphere, whereas the late differential VEPs were found in both hemispheres. Both types of VEPs were more frequent in the temporal neocortex, underlining its role as a major contributor to these fast recognition processes.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Marjolin's ulcer of the scalp: report of 5 cases and review of the literature.

The formation of neoplastic changes in the scar tissue of chronically ulcerating wounds is a well-known process. This condition is most commonly seen after the postburn scars, but it may be seen after many kinds of scars. The term "Marjolin's ulcer" is used to describe this type of carcinoma. Although many different cell types can be seen in these lesions, the most commonly seen is squamous cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinomas resulting from the Marjolin's ulcer have a much greater tendency to metastasize than squamous cell carcinomas resulting from the other causes. Confusion continues about the precise pathophysiology of this lesion and the clinical behavior of this neoplasm, and the mortality and morbidity rates are also conflicting. As would be expected, there is a wide variety of suggested treatment protocols for this disease. This article, through case reports and review of the literature, offers criteria for the treatment of the Marjolin's ulcers that arise on the scalp, which is an uncommon site.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Marked clozapine-induced slowing of EEG background over frontal, central, and parietal scalp areas in schizophrenic patients.

The authors studied how clozapine treatment of patients with chronic schizophrenia affects the scalp topographic distribution of different frequency bands on EEG. Twenty-one patients treated with clozapine, in addition to zero to two typical neuroleptics (13 patients were treated with clozapine as the only neuroleptic), were compared with two control groups: one of healthy subjects and another of patients with schizophrenia receiving one to three typical neuroleptics and no clozapine. Significant differences in the EEG topography were seen between the groups: The theta and delta powers and were increased in the clozapine group compared with the two other groups (P < 0.001). Changes were observed over all electrodes, and were most prominent at the frontal, central, and parietal electrode locations. The nonclozapine-treated group of patients and the healthy control group did not differ significantly from each other. These results suggest that the topographic EEG features caused by clozapine are quite specific to it and can be differentiated from those of other neuroleptics.

Adult↗