Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “SCALDS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,693 records · Page 94Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

A seven-year burn unit experience in Kayseri, Turkey: 1996 to 2002.

A retrospective multifactorial epidemiological study of 742 patients admitted to Erciyes University Medical Faculty Burn Unit during a 7-year period between 1996 and 2002 is presented. The overall male-to-female ratio was 1.88:1. The highest-risk age group of burn injuries was 0 to 6 years (48.6%), with the greatest number of injuries occurring to children who were 2 to 3 years of age. Seasonal variations had no influence on the increased number of admissions to the burn unit. Scalding was the major cause of pediatric burns. Flame burns were the most frequent cause of burns in adults and the second-leading cause in children. Seventy-eight of the 742 patients died, with a mortality rate of 7.8 % in children and 12.6% and 19.23% in adult males and females, respectively. The overall mortality rate was 10.5%.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiology of pediatric burn injuries in southern Turkey.

The aim of this study was to identify the epidemiological features of pediatric burn injuries in southern part of Turkey. In this retrospective study, 137 hospitalized pediatric patients (85 men and 52 women) who were admitted to our burn unit during a period of 3 years were analyzed. Pediatric patients were categorized into three groups: the infants and toddlers (0-2 years), early childhood (3-6 years), and late childhood (7-15 years). Epidemiological data included age, sex, location, the cause and type, and place of burn. In the first two groups, scalding (95.1% and 86.7%, respectively) was the predominant cause of burn whereas in late childhood electric burns (51.4%) were a more common occurrence. No differences were found between the groups with respect to mean TBSA and full-thickness burns. A total of 15 (10.1%) patients died during the study period. A total of 74.4% of burn injuries occurred at home, and almost all were preventable, with 16 % of the burns occurring in the autumn; however, 42% occurred in the summer. These findings will be used as a basis for developing targeted preventive programs to protect children from burns. We also consider it is necessary to educate children and their parents about the prevention of burn injuries.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of battlefield-expedient topical antimicrobial agents for the prevention of burn wound sepsis in a rat model.

Topical antimicrobial therapy has the potential to limit the mortality and morbidity of contaminated battlefield injuries. Many agents available are ill-suited for use on the battlefield; however, mafenide acetate solution (MAS) has known efficacy as a burn dressing adjunct, and previous work with mafenide as a direct chemotherapeutic has shown promise. A total of 71 male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a 20% TBSA full-thickness scald. Wounds were inoculated with a solution containing 1 x 10 colony-forming units per milliliter of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1244 (ATCC 27317). Treatments with 10% mafenide acetate cream (MAC), 5% MAS, 5% mafenide hydrochloride solution (MHS), and 4% chlorhexidine gluconate solution (CHG) were established. Agents were applied directly to the wound daily for 10 days. Animals were monitored for 21 days and euthanized if they manifested a moribund state as a result of sepsis. Survival to study completion in the negative control group (no treatment) was 25% (3/12). Survival in the positive control group (MAC) was 100%. None of the test agent groups demonstrated significant survival over the untreated controls; MAS resulted in 5/12 (42%) survival (P = .67), CHG in 4/12 (33%) survival (P = 1.0), and MHS resulted in 2/12 (17%) survival (P = 1.0). There were no significant differences in group weights on day 1. By day 6, all test agent groups were significantly underweight compared with the MAC group. This trend resolved as underweight animals died. We did not demonstrate significant prevention of wound sepsis with these agents as we used them. These techniques should not be substituted for established burn care. Aqueous direct topical antimicrobial agents have logistical advantages over creams and dressing soaks for field use, and the search for a battlefield-expedient agent for use at or near the point of wounding should continue.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Herpes simplex infection in a minor burn wound: a case report.

The etiology of herpetic lesions on burn wounds generally is believed to be a reactivation of previous infection or possible exposure to the pathogens under an immunocompromised status. However, this scenario rarely happens in a non-immunocompromised infant with low burned body surface area (<4% TBSA). We report a case of previously healthy 21-month-old boy who sustained minor scald burn injury involving only 4% TBSA that was complicated with herpes simplex type 1 viral infection. The infection presented with ulcerative burn wound and delayed wound healing. The Tzanck smear of vesicular fluid for the identification of multinucleated giant cells is helpful in making the decision for the early initiation of acyclovir. In this work, we describe a case of pediatric burn patient with herpetic infection and emphasize the need for careful and impartial examination of the child to improve the accuracy of diagnosis.

Acyclovir↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ginkgo biloba extract improves oxidative organ damage in a rat model of thermal trauma.

This study was designed to determine the possible protective effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) against oxidative organ damage distant from the original burn wound. Under brief ether anesthesia, the shaved dorsum of the rats was exposed to 90 degrees C (burn group) or 25 degrees C (control group) water bath for 10 seconds. EGb (50 mg/kg/day) or saline was administered intraperitoneally immediately and at 12 hours after the burn injury. Rats were decapitated 24 hours after burn injury and tissue samples from the liver and kidney were taken for the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and collagen contents. Formation of reactive oxygen species in the tissue samples was monitored by the chemiluminescence technique. Tissues also were examined microscopically. Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels and tumor necrosis factor- and lactate dehydrogenase activity were assayed in serum samples. Severe skin scald injury (30% TBSA) caused a significant decrease in GSH levels and significant increases in MDA levels, MPO activity, and collagen content of hepatic and renal tissues. Treatment of rats with EGb significantly increased the GSH level and decreased the MDA level, MPO activity, and collagen contents. Similarly, serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and blood urea nitrogen levels, as well as lactate dehydrogenase and tumor necrosis factor-, were increased in the burn group as compared with the control group. However, treatment with EGb reversed all these biochemical indices, as well as histopathological alterations that were induced by thermal trauma. Our results show that thermal trauma-induced oxidative damage in hepatic and renal tissues is protected by the administration of EGb, with its antioxidant effects. Therefore, its therapeutic role as a "tissue injury-limiting agent" must be further elucidated in oxidant-induced tissue damage.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acquired-transient factor X deficiency associated with anticardiolipin antibodies in a child with extensive burns.

The article presents the case of an 18-month-old boy with major scald burns complicated by acquired F-X deficiency. On the 15th day of hospitalization, the patient developed sepsis and fever. He also exhibited bruxism, especially during the febrile episodes, which his permanent teeth to luxate and become mobile. Pedodontists decided that all the child's teeth should be extracted to ensure proper development of the jaw with growth. Twelve hours later, he developed a leukemoid reaction, which was attributed to infection with another aerobic organism or development of anaerobic bacteremia after teeth extraction. Twenty-four hours after the extractions, the burn wounds began oozing and there was extensive gingival bleeding and epistaxis. Coagulation parameters were assessed immediately. Disseminated intravascular coagulation was detected initially and was successfully treated with fresh-frozen plasma transfusions, but bleeding from the burn wounds and nasal/oral mucous membranes continued. Further testing revealed the diagnosis of acquired isolated F-X deficiency linked with antiphospholipid antibodies. Treatment with plasmapheresis, steroids, and intravenous immunoglobulin was successful. Hypertrophic scar formation was the only issue during 7 months of follow-up.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiologic analysis of patients with burns presenting to the burn units of a University Hospital Network in Turkey.

This retrospective study analyzed risk factors in addition to the demographic and epidemiological features of 813 burn patients who were admitted to the burn units of a University Hospital Network in Turkey during a 6-year period. The study consisted of 436 men (53.6%) and 377 women (46.4%; mean age, 31; range, 0-87 years). The age distribution of the patients peaked at 1 to 6 years and at 35 to 44 years. The most common types of burns were scalds (63.8%) and flame burns (22.1%). The mean TBSA burned was 9.4 +/- 15.3% in adults and 19.8 +/- 18.6% in children. The median and mean hospital stays were 16 and 22.8 days, respectively (range, 1-114 days). A total of 813 patients were evaluated, leaving only 255 hospitalized patients. Of the hospitalized patients, 100 (74.6%) underwent autografting, 8 (6.0%) underwent amputation, 113 (84.3%) underwent débridment, and 76 (56.7%) underwent escharotomy. The mortality rate among hospitalized patients was 14.1%. Although this study provides information about the population within close proximity to our burn units, there remains a need for a countrywide database of burn incidents.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple giant disseminated pyogenic granuloma in a burn lesion.

This case describes a 2-year-old boy who developed multiple giant pyogenic granulomas on his left upper extremity secondary to a burn injury caused by boiling milk. Here, we present multiple pyogenic granulomas in a burn patient and discuss the possible etiologies of the entity. The pyogenic granulomas were excised and wounds closed with sutures (primary repair) (primary closure). No pyogenic granulomas have recurred after 11 months of follow-up. Pyogenic granuloma with multiple dissemination in a burn scar is an extremely rare occurrence, and there have been no reports of pyogenic granulomas caused by flame and other type of scalding burns such as hot water and oil. The case presented here was a burn injury caused by hot milk. The burn etiology, not the burn injury itself, is important because all similar cases have the same etiology. We thought that this may not be a coincidence and that milk proteins or other components of the milk might cause the development of pyogenic granuloma.

Arm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bullous pemphigoid mistaken for a burn.

Burns in the elderly are extremely common. Often, the history is obscure or nonexistent because of confusion or dementia. We describe the case of a 78-year-old woman who was admitted to a burns center with the history of a 21% scald burn. However, this burn had unusual characteristics, and further investigation confirmed the cause to be bullous pemphigoid. This case report highlights the extreme care that must be taken in the assessment of children and the elderly who may not be able to give a complete history. We also present a table to aid in the differential diagnosis of unusual burns, which may be useful in such circumstances.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Instant cup of soup: design flaws increase risk of burns.

Prepackaged soups are a frequent cause of burn injury. We hypothesize that package design increases the risk for burn injury by affecting container stability. All pediatric scald burns caused by soup, between June 1997 and August 2004, were reviewed for burn and patient characteristics. Instant or "ready-to-eat" soups also were purchased. Safety statements and recommendations as to use of the microwave oven were documented. The height and the areas of the base and top were compared to the angle that a container would tip over on to its side. During the study period, 99 admissions and 80 outpatients were treated for burns caused by soup. Although the burn size was small (mean 5% TBSA) 22 patients required grafting. Of 13 different soups, 11 required the addition of hot water, and 2 were prepackaged for eating out of the container. Twelve containers had round bases and were tall and narrow, with one being shorter and rectangular. The measurements that correlated with the ease of tipping over were the base area, top area, and the ratio of height/base area. The most significant contributor to the ease of tipping over was height. Instant soups are packaged in containers that tend to be tall with a narrow base that predisposes them to being knocked over and spilled. Simple redesigning of instant soup packaging with a wider base and shorter height, along with the requirement for warnings about the risks of burns would reduce the frequency of soup burns.

Burns↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Burns in epilepsy: seven years of experience from the Hallym Burn Center in Korea.

The objective of this retrospective epidemiological study was to identify the characteristics of burn injuries of seizure disorder patients in Korea, with the goal of developing programs to prevent or reduce the frequency and morbidity of such injuries. We reviewed the medical records of 34 acutely burned, epileptic-seizure patients who were admitted to a single regional burn center unit during the 7 years between January 1997 and April 2003, all of whom had been burned during an epileptic seizure. The most commonly associated seizure type was generalized tonic-clonic, followed by absence and complex partial. Females predominated in all age groups. There were more seizures in the morning hours between 3 and 10 am. The mean age was 43 +/- 16 years. Seizures occurred at home, while the patient was conducting daily household chores. Scalding was the most common injury, leaving small-but-deep wounds that required a mean hospital stay of 37 +/- 27 days. Typically, upper limbs and trunk were affected. To implement a successful burns injury-prevention program, patients with epilepsy should be better recognized as a high-risk group. Specific passive as well as active recommendations are suggested based on the epidemiologic features of seizure disorder patients in Korea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Effect of recombinant adeno-associated virus vector-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor gene transfer on wound healing after burn injury.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vector-mediated human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF165) transfer on experimental burn wounds. DESIGN: Randomized experiment. SETTING: Research laboratory. SUBJECTS: C57BL/6 male mice weighing 25-30 g. INTERVENTIONS: Mice were immersed in 80 degrees C water for 10 secs to achieve a partial-thickness scald burn. Animals were randomized to receive at two injection sites on the edge of the burn either 1011 copies of the rAAV-VEGF165 or the vector carrying the control and inert gene beta-galactosidase (rAAV-LacZ). On day 14 the animals were killed. Burn areas were used for histologic examination, evaluation of VEGF expression (immunohistochemistry) and VEGF wound content (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), determination of wound nitrite, and measurement of messenger RNA (mRNA) for endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase (eNOS and iNOS). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: rAAV-VEGF165 increased epithelial proliferation, angiogenesis, and maturation of the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, gene transfer enhanced VEGF expression, studied by immunohistochemistry, and the wound content of the mature protein (rAAV-LacZ, 11 +/- 5 pg/wound; rAAV-VEGF165, 104 +/- 7 pg/wound). Moreover, VEGF165 gene transfer increased wound content of nitrate. Finally, rAAV-VEGF165 administration enhanced the messenger RNA for eNOS (rAAV-VEGF165, 1.1 +/- 0.2 relative amount of eNOS mRNA; rAAV-LacZ, 0.66 +/- 0.3 relative amount of eNOS mRNA) and iNOS (rAAV-VEGF165, 0.8 +/- 0.09 relative amount of iNOS mRNA; rAAV-LacZ, 0.45 +/- 0.05 relative amount of iNOS mRNA). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that rAAV-VEGF gene transfer may be an effective therapeutic approach to improve clinical outcomes after thermal injury.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Pathogenic role of interleukin-6 in the development of sepsis. Part I: Study in a standardized contact burn murine model.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a representative model for the evaluation of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-6 receptor for pathogenicity and lethality in the postburn period. DESIGN: Ten-week-old C 57 BL/6J mice received a 20% body surface area contact burn and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 48 hrs later. Standardized burns were created with a metal stamp of 150 degrees C of defined pressure and surface area (2.4525 Newton/0.00166 m2) over a period of 11 secs. The depth of dermal injury was verified histologically. The following groups were formed: I: no burn, no LPS (n = 35); II: burn, no LPS (n = 140); III, no burn, LPS (n = 56); and IV, burn, LPS (n = 80), to study the effect of burn alone, sepsis alone, or the combination. Lethal LPS dose (LD100) was determined by application of LPS in increasing doses (200, 300, 400, and 500 microg, n = 32) after burns. MEASUREMENTS: Concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and leukocytes, platelets and organ pathology were evaluated. SETTING: Research laboratory. RESULTS: Burn and LPS showed an additive effect on the release of IL-6 but not of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. Leukocyte and platelet numbers decreased significantly (group IV) compared with the other groups (I-III). The maximal levels of IL-6 in group IV were reached earlier than those of TNF-alpha. The contact burn model has a mortality rate of 30%, which is close to clinical outcome. We found the model of contact burn superior to scald or flame burn models. A dose of 400-microg LPS was found to be the lethal LPS dose (LD100). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that preexisting burn injury increases the response to endotoxin. TNF-alpha is not involved in priming. IL-6 on the other hand is a very representative parameter for priming. Because TNF-alpha was obviously not the causative factor, it was concluded that the application of anti-IL-6-mAb should be of great value. Therefore, a therapeutic application was designed, see part II.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Mesenteric lymph from burned rats induces endothelial cell injury and activates neutrophils.

OBJECTIVE: Our previous studies indicated that mesenteric lymph duct ligation prevented burn-induced lung injury. Thus, the goal of the present study was to begin to investigate potential mechanisms of this protective effect. DESIGN: Prospective animal study with concurrent control. SETTING: Small animal laboratory. SUBJECTS: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS: Mesenteric lymph and portal vein plasma were collected from male rats subjected to a 40% third-degree scald burn or sham burn. The biological effects of these lymph and plasma samples were tested for their ability to kill human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), increase HUVEC monolayer permeability, and activate polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), as reflected in CD11b adhesion molecule expression and superoxide production. Additionally, ileal specimens were harvested at the end of the experiment (6 hrs postburn) for histologic analysis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Postburn mesenteric lymph produced during the first 2 hrs after burn injury and tested at a 5% concentration, but not sham-burn lymph or portal plasma from burned rats, was toxic for HUVECs resulting in cell death after an 18-hr incubation period. Similarly, only postburn lymph increased HUVEC monolayer permeability. Postburn lymph activated both rat and human PMNs as reflected in increased CD11b expression and augmentation of the phorbol myristate acetate-induced superoxide response. Neither sham-burn lymph nor postburn portal vein plasma activated PMNs. Both the burn and sham-burn lymph samples were sterile, indicating that the effects of burn lymph on the HUVECs or PMNs were not due to translocating bacteria. Last, an association was found between burn-induced gut injury and the production of toxic burn lymph. CONCLUSIONS: Burn-induced gut injury results in the production of biologically active factors that are carried in the mesenteric lymph, but not the portal plasma, which injure endothelial cells and activate PMNs and thus could contribute to distant organ injury.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Mechanisms of postburn intestinal barrier dysfunction in the rat: roles of epithelial cell renewal, E-cadherin, and neutrophil extravasation.

OBJECTIVE: Our group has previously shown that the intestinal epithelium exhibits increased postburn barrier permeability and bacterial translocation associated with deranged neutrophil activity. The purpose of this investigation is to explore possible underlying intestinal structural mechanisms, leading to those functional changes with emphasis on (1) neutrophil influx and extravasation in the intestinal lamina propria 1-3 days after burn and (2) enterocyte proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and E-cadherin junctional epithelium levels 3 days after burn. DESIGN: Freshly isolated ileum specimens were quick frozen, then cut by a cryostat into 30-micron-thick sections. Sections from day 1 postburn rats were immunostained with (1) anti-granulocyte or anti-elastase antibodies to assess neutrophil influx or (2) combined anti-granulocyte and anti-von Willebrand factor double immunolabeling to compare levels of neutrophil extravasation. Sections from day 3 postburn rats were immunostained with (1) bromodeoxyuridine immunohistochemistry 1, 3, 6, or 18 hrs after bromodeoxyuridine injection to assess enterocyte proliferation and migration, (2) cytokeratin-18 M30-immunohistochemistry to compare levels of enterocyte apoptosis, and (3) E-cadherin immunohistochemistry to compare junctional E-cadherin integrity. Ileal myeloperoxidase activity and bacterial translocation of Enterococcus faecalis were assessed biochemically and by E. faecalis-specific bacterial cultures, respectively, in day 3 postburn rats. SETTING: : Research laboratories in a medical center and an academic institution. SUBJECTS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats given sham treatment or treatment as a burn model with full-thickness skin scald over 30% total body surface area. CONCLUSIONS: We report (1) increased levels of neutrophil influx and extravasation in villi lamina propriae, including elastase-positive cells (postburn day 1), (2) heightened levels of intestinal myeloperoxidase activity (postburn day 3), (3) decreased levels of epithelial cell proliferation, migration, and E-cadherin (postburn day 3), and (4) increased enterocyte apoptosis and E. faecalis bacterial translocation (postburn day 3). Based on these structural and functional abnormalities, we propose a mechanism for burn injury-related intestinal barrier dysfunction that includes increased trans- and para-cellular leakage caused by impaired enterocyte renewal and decreased junctional E-cadherin levels subsequent to increased neutrophil influx and extravasation within the villus lamina propria microenvironment.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Pediatric first aid knowledge among parents.

OBJECTIVE: The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has published simple guidelines for the first aid management of ill or injured children. We determined knowledge of these first aid practices in parents. METHODS: Design-Descriptive survey. PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of adult parents presenting to the emergency department. SURVEY INSTRUMENT: Standardized collection of demographics was performed and adults were given a multiple-choice questionnaire concerning the proper management of stings and bites, burns and scalds, eye injuries, fractures and sprains, fever, head injuries, fainting, poisoning, dental emergencies, nosebleeds, seizures, and skin wounds. OUTCOMES: Percentage of adults responding to questions appropriately based on AAP guidelines. DATA ANALYSIS: Descriptive statistics and chi2 tests. RESULTS: Six hundred fifty-four adults were surveyed. Mean age (SD) was 38.5 (13.8), 56% were female, 69% were white, 56% had at least a high school education. None of those surveyed answered all questions correctly with roughly half being familiar with 60% of the questions. Knowledge of specific guidelines ranged from 21% to 92%. Subjects especially lacked knowledge regarding the need to rapidly remove all bee stingers (only 36% aware); keep wounds moist and covered (79% felt that drying wounds was beneficial); the need to cover victims of large burns (only 43% aware); and the need to seek medical attention after tick bites (only 47% aware). Knowledge was unaffected by age, gender, and education. CONCLUSIONS: Many adults are unfamiliar with AAP first aid measures according to the AAP guidelines and most believe that wounds should be allowed to dry. Further education is required to improve knowledge of first aid practices.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The establishment of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected burn-wound sepsis model and the effect of imipenem treatment.

INTRODUCTION: We present a standardized Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infected burn-wound model in mice for evaluating new antimicrobials and therapy strategies for PA infections and demonstrate the effect of the antibiotic imipenem in this model. METHODS: A 6%-8% total body surface area, full-thickness, scald-burn wound was induced in anesthetized mice. Two study groups (PA-infected burn) were compared with 1 treatment group (systemic imipenem) and 3 control groups (noninfected burn, infected nonburned, and burn with distant infection). Seven-day mortality, quantitative culture from eschars and from spleens, weight loss, and time to healing were compared. RESULTS: The 25%-100% mortality rate in the nontreated PA-infected burn group was directly related to the infecting inoculum. Imipenem treatment reduced the mortality rate to 0-17%. No control animal died. Systemic bacterial dissemination at 48 hours was significantly higher in the study group. Morbidity paralleled survival results. Wound healing was quicker in the imipenem-treated group and control groups compared with the infected nontreated group. CONCLUSIONS: The mice model is a useful tool for evaluating new antibacterial agents and strategies for treating PA-infected burn injuries. Imipenem was found to be efficacious in the treatment of severe PA sepsis.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Significance of biopterin induction in rats with postburn Staphylococcus aureus sepsis.

It has been demonstrated that biopterin, an essential cofactor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), plays an important role in the pathogenesis of endotoxin-induced shock, yet its biological significance in gram-positive sepsis remains unclear. In this study, we adopted a rat model of postburn Staphylococcus aureus sepsis to investigate the potential role of biopterin in the pathogenesis of gram-positive sepsis. Wistar rats were inflicted with a 20% total body surface area (TBSA) full-thickness scald injury followed by S. aureus challenge, and then guanosine triphosphate-cyclohydrolase I (GTP-CHI) mRNA expression and biopterin levels in liver, kidneys, lungs, and heart were determined. We found that after S. aureus challenge, GTP-CHI gene expressions and biopterin levels were markedly upregulated in various tissues. Meanwhile, multiple organ dysfunction was induced by S. aureus challenge. It was shown that cardiac GTP-CHI mRNA expression and renal BH(4) levels were positively correlated with MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) and creatinine (r = 0.892, P = 0.0012 and r = 0.9423, P = 0.0015, respectively). These results suggested that thermal injury combined with S. aureus challenge could induce de novo biosynthesis of biopterin, which might play a role in the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome secondary to postburn sepsis.

Animals↗