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Analysis of ellagitannins and conjugates of ellagic acid and quercetin in raspberry fruits by LC-MSn.

The use of gradient reversed phase HPLC with diode array and MS(n) detection for the analysis of ellagitannins, ellagic acid conjugates and quercetin conjugates in raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) is described. MS(n) is a particularly powerful tool for the analysis of trace levels of natural products in impure extracts as interpretation of fragmentation patterns, coupled in some instances with knowledge of HPLC retention properties, can facilitate the partial identification of components when reference compounds are unavailable.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗

Caffeoyl sugar esters and an ellagitannin from Rubus sanctus.

The new natural caffeoyl esters, 3,6-di-O-caffeoyl-(alpha/beta)-glucose and 1-O-caffeoyl-beta-xylose, together with the hitherto unknown natural tannin, 2,3-O-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-4,6-O-sanguisorboyl-(alpha/beta)-glucose, have been isolated from the aqueous alcohol aerial part extract of Rubus sanctus. Establishment of all structures was based on the chemical and spectral evidence, including ESI-MS and 2D NMR.

Caffeic Acids↗

Tinea faciei.

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Adult↗

The association of transient acantholytic dermatosis with other skin diseases.

A retrospective study of 375 patients with transient acantholytic dermatosis (TAD) showed significant statistical associations between TAD and asteatotic eczema, allergic contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and irritation from adhesive tape, and these associations were believed to be clinically significant. A similar statistical correlation between TAD and the presence of skin cancer was not deemed significant on clinical grounds. There was a clinical suggestion of an etiologic relationship between TAD and bullous pemphigoid, but this was not demonstrated statistically. Most of these associations seem explicable in terms of the Koebner phenomenon, and it is suggested that prevention and treatment of eczematous inflammation and irritation of the skin may be helpful in the management of TAD.

Acantholysis↗

Comparison of CO2 laser and electrosurgery in the treatment of rhinophyma.

A number of surgical modalities, including the CO2 laser, have been advocated for the treatment of rhinophyma. The CO2 laser has been extensively promoted for the management of many skin lesions, including warts, keloids, and various nail problems. In many instances it has been suggested that the CO2 laser holds a distinct advantage over other surgical modalities. Three patients with rhinophyma are presented. Results are compared after treating one half of the nose with biterminal electrocutting current and the other half with the beam of the CO2 laser.

Electrosurgery↗

Selective brain cooling in hyperthermia: the mechanisms and medical implications.

We hypothesize that selective brain cooling (SBC) can occur in hyperthermic humans despite the fact that humans have no carotid rete, a vascular structure that facilitates countercurrent heat exchange and that is located at the base of the skull in some mammals. We postulate that an increase in emissary and angular ocular venous flows contributes to SBC. The efficiency of SBC is increased by evaporation of sweat on the head and by ventilation through the nose. A body position that increases the intravenous pressure gradient across the skull increases emissary flows and hence enhances the efficiency of SBC. The validity of using tympanic temperature as an index of brain temperature is also postulated.

Animals↗

Hypoglycaemic effect of Rubus fructicosis L. and Globularia alypum L. in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

The present study investigates the effect of oral administration of the aqueous extract of Rubus fructicosis L. (RF) and Globularia alypum L. (GA) leaves on blood glucose levels in normal and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. In normal rats, single and repeated oral administration of RF lowered significantly the blood glucose levels, while, GA treatment did not change blood glucose levels. In STZ rats, single and repeated oral administration of both RF and GA produced significant decrease of blood glucose levels. RF and GA treatments did not affect insulin secretion both in normal and STZ rats, indicating that mechanism(s) by which these plants decrease blood glucose levels is extra-pancreatic at least, for the doses used. In addition, the acute toxicity study revealed that the aqueous extracts may be considered relatively safe since that the LD(50) value was over 8.1 and 14.5 g/kg for RF and GA respectively. These findings indicate that RF and GA represent an effective blood glucose lowering and a potential source for discovery of new orally active component(s) for future therapy.

Administration, Oral↗