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Results for “REINFORCEMENT LEARNING”

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At least 1,693 records · Page 94Linked to original sources
PubMed1962

Producing either positive or negative tendencies to a stimulus associated with shock.

A technique is described in which rats are pretrained with reinforcement to bar press. Each bar press was associated with a tone. This tone was later paired with one of two aspects of an electric shock, either at the onset or at the end of the shock, in a situation in which the shock is inescapable. These animals were retested in the operant situation under conditions of extinction, but with tone present as a conditioned reinforcer. The finding was that animals for which the tone was associated with shock onset extinguished quickly, whereas animals for which the tone was paired with shock termination extinguished more slowly.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Enhancement of hippocampal LTP, reference memory and sensorimotor gating in mutant mice lacking a telencephalon-specific cell adhesion molecule.

Telencephalin (TLCN) is a cell adhesion molecule selectively expressed in the telencephalon of the mammalian brain. The mutant mice lacking TLCN had no detectable abnormalities in their neural development and synaptic structures. Ablation of TLCN increased the hippocampal long-term potentiation and its saturation level. The TLCN mutation selectively enhanced the performance of the radial maze and water-finding tasks, learning tasks with appetitive reinforcers, but not the contextual fear conditioning and Morris water maze tasks with aversive stimuli for conditioning. Furthermore, the TLCN mutant mice showed an increase of prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response. These results suggest that TLCN is a determinant of the dynamic range of synaptic plasticity and plays roles in reward-motivated learning and memory and sensorimotor gating.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Radish, a Drosophila mutant deficient in consolidated memory.

We have characterized the behavior and genetics of the Drosophila mutant radish (rsh gene). Initial learning of radish flies in two olfactory discrimination tests is high, but subsequent memory decays rapidly at both early and late times after training. Anesthesia-resistant memory (consolidated memory) is undetectable in radish flies 3 hr after training. The mutant shows normal locomotor activity and normal sensitivity to the odor cues and electric-shock reinforcement used in the learning tests. The radish gene maps within a 180-kb interval in the 11D-E region of the X chromosome.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The influence of life stress, personality, and learning history on illness behavior.

Previous research has suggested that prior learning experiences and current reinforcement contingencies account for a substantial portion of the variance in illness behaviors. The present study examined the role of other variables (e.g., stimulus and organismic variables). Two hundred and sixty four college students completed questionnaires that included the Life Events Survey, Hassles Scale, Hypochondriasis Scale (MMPI), Illness Attitude Scale, and a Medical Problems Survey. It emerged that social learning variables accounted for significant portions of variance in symptom reporting behavior even after other demographic, current stressor, and personality variables were accounted for. The advantages of using behavioral assessment models for conceptualizing influential variables is highlighted and directions for future research discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

The number of times attended as a factor in the success of a comprehensive hospital-based approach to health promotion.

This study assesses the relationship between a perceived change in a health-related behavior or attitude and the number of times an individual participates in a weekly hospital-based health promotion program. A survey was distributed to participants in April 1995. A univariate probit evaluation shows that the number of times attended and age have positive effects on the likelihood of change. As the number of times an individual attends increases, the more likely the person is to change, possibly revealing a reinforcement mechanism. It is important to learn the most effective way to raise attendance so the reinforcement process reaches more individuals.

Adult↗