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PubMed1986

Evaluation of commercial immunoperoxidase kits for prostatic specific antigen and prostatic specific acid phosphatase.

The practical application of commercially available immunoperoxidase kits for prostatic specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic specific acid phosphatase (PSPH) were blindly evaluated on routinely formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissue from 95 consecutive cases of prostatic carcinoma, 10 cases of metastases from prostatic carcinoma and 90 cases of primary or metastatic non prostatic carcinoma. Both Kits showed a diagnostic specificity of 100%. The diagnostic sensitivities were 94% (PSA) and 90% (PSPH) respectively, but concomitantly staining for PSA and PSPH improved the diagnostic sensitivity to 99%. Using the histologic grading system of Gleason both markers showed a tendency to less extensive staining in low differentiated prostatic carcinomas. It is concluded that both Kits are highly specific and highly sensitive, but negative reaction in medium or low differentiated adenocarcinomas does not rule out the possibility of prostatic carcinoma.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1997

Immunohistochemical determination of p53 protein in prostatic cancer and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasms.

A role of genetic alterations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene has been implicated in many types of human malignancies. In this study, we examined the prevalence of immunohistochemically detectable p53 accumulation in prostatic tissues obtained from patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma, benign prostate hyperplasia and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasms. Six of 36 (16.7%) cancer cases and 2 of 11 (18.2%) cases of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasms showed p53 expression while no nuclear staining was observed in normal and hyperplastic prostatic tissues. Correlation of p53 expression with cancer stage, Gleason score and serum prostate-specific antigen level demonstrated that there was no statistically significant relationship between p53 expression and these clinicopathological parameters. Also, no significant association between p53 expression and prognosis was observed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prostate-specific antigen as a prostatic tumor marker. Analysis of results in 206 patients].

The results of prostatic specific antigen (PSA) determinations in 206 patients studied as a part of routine prostatic evaluation are presented. In 109 cases histologic evaluation was performed and a clinico-histologic correlation was made in all the 109 patients. We found 57 cases with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 36 cases with prostatic adenocarcinoma (PADC), 15 patients with prostatitis; and 1 patient with a leiomyoma of the prostate. When the PSA value is between 0-10 ng/ml no differential diagnosis between BPH and PADC can be made because there are no significant differences in these values. But with results above 15 ng/ml the diagnosis of PADC is more evident. Patients with permanent vesical catheter because of acute retention presented high values of PSA and it is possible to misinterpret the results and make an incorrect diagnosis of PADC. PSA is a very useful procedure in the pre and post-operative control of patients with radical prostatectomy. We consider it to be a useful tool in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer of the prostate and used together with the other diagnostic tests available.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

The ratio of free to total serum prostate specific antigen and its use in differential diagnosis of prostate carcinoma in Japan.

BACKGROUND: To improve the clinical usefulness of prostate specific antigen (PSA), unique methods have been proposed. The percentage of free PSA in serum facilitates the distinction between benign histologic conditions and prostate carcinoma while retaining high sensitivity. METHODS: Using monoclonal antibodies, an AIA total PSA assay system was established that recognized PSA equally in free or complex form. The clinical usefulness of the ratio of two different molecular forms of PSA was investigated using 268 archival serum samples. RESULTS: Men with prostate carcinoma had significantly lower ratios of free to total PSA than those with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (P = 0.0001). At total PSA levels between 2.1 and 10 ng/mL, medians of total PSA were not significantly different between men with prostate carcinoma and men with BPH. Differences in median percentages of free PSA for these two groups were statistically significant (P = 0.0001). The ratio of free to total PSA was useful for identifying prostate carcinoma in palpably benign glands with total PSA of 2.1-10 ng/mL (P = 0.0001), whereas total PSA was not useful for such identification. When calculated for low total PSA levels between 2.1 and 4 ng/mL, sensitivity and specificity were 91.7% and 72.2%, respectively, with a cutoff value of 17%. This ratio of free to total PSA was as useful as PSA density in receiver-operating curve analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the ratio of free to total PSA renders total PSA of greater use of distinguishing prostate carcinoma and is applicable to patients with low total PSA. Elderly men with a clinical diagnosis of BPH who are scheduled for surgery may benefit from the determination of this ratio.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Free and total serum PSA values in patients with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), prostate cancer and BPH. Is F/T PSA a potential probe for dormant and manifest cancer?

Free and total PSA serum concentrations were retrospectively measured in 106 subjects: 45 patients with intraepithelial prostatic neoplasia (PIN), 30 subjects with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and 31 subjects with untreated prostatic carcinoma. The (F/T) x 100 PSA value is recorded in subjects with the elevated total PSA level (> 4 ng/ml). PIN patients were divided into two groups: a low grade PIN (PIN 1) and high grade PIN (PIN II-III) patients. The mean (F/T) x 100 PSA value in low grade PIN patients was 27.9 +/- 16.2 (range 17.1-41.2, median 25.1) and has been numerically similar to the respective value in BPH subjects (29.1 +/- 13.2, 15.8-48.0, 27.7). These parameters differed markedly (P < 0.01) from the mean (F/T) x 100 PSA value in high grade PIN patients (16.9 +/- 9.0, range 9.9-24.9, median 16.5). The later values were in turn comparable (P > > 0.05) with the respective value measured in untreated prostate cancer patients (14.4 +/- 10.8, 6.6-21.4, 12.6). Hence, values derived from the measurement of free and total serum PSA level may distinguish low grade PIN that prevailingly remains latent disease from high grade PIN that is in most cases not only early prostatic carcinoma but that is often a precursor of an aggressive neoplasm. The published literature is incoherent regarding the influence of tumor spread on F/T PSA level. The cutoff point that divides BPH from cancer may depend on tumor stage. We have not investigated F/T PSA values related to different stages and grades of prostate cancer. The cutoff point of (F/T) x 100 PSA in our study that divides malignant from benign prostate, or latent from manifest cancer, was tentatively assigned as 18 with a specificity of 91% and selectivity of 69%. Our data are based on the application of the CIS assay that, according to the literature, gives higher F-PSA % compared to other respective kits.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1998

[Use of transrectal ultrasonography in prostate pathology: determination and clinical usefulness of the prostate transition zone].

The prostate gland comprises a central or transition zone which is the object of an important hypertrophy in case of benign prostatic hypertrophy and a peripheral zone where the vast majority of cancers occurs. The ultrasonographic measurement of the prostate transition zone volume has become a very important parameter to consider in the assessment of the severity of symptoms or the therapeutic options in case of benign prostatic hyperplasia. When a prostate cancer is suspected, a new concept, the prostate specific antigen density related to the transition zone volume, has been demonstrated as a very effective mean for prostate cancer early detection in men with PSA levels below 10 ng/ml.

5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors↗
PubMed1998

Elevated serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) related to asymptomatic prostatic inflammation.

Prostatic subclinical inflammation is associated with elevated serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level when there is contact with and disruption of the glandular epithelium of the prostate. This aggressiveness of the inflammation was graded on a 4-point scale proposed by Irani (1). Patients with an elevated serum PSA level and no malignancy in their transrectal prostate biopsy, have a lower risk of biopsy missed prostate carcinoma when there is an inflammation with a high aggressiveness score. The density itself of the inflammatory cells in the prostatic tissue was not associated with the serum PSA level. We believe that both issues should be considered when interpreting a prostate biopsy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

Differential expression of steroid receptors in prostate tissues before and after radiation therapy for prostatic adenocarcinoma.

The expression, distribution and the role of steroid receptors in benign and malignant untreated prostate tissues is well recognized, however, the status of steroid receptors in prostate after radiotherapy (RT) for adenocarcinoma has not yet been studied fully. Immunohistochemical evaluation of androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha), estrogen receptor-beta (ER-beta), and progesterone receptor (PR) was carried out in prostate needle biopsies obtained before and after radiotherapy from 60 patients with adenocarcinoma. The ER-beta transcripts were also studied by RT-PCR in LNCaP prostate carcinoma cell line before and 24 hr after gamma-irradiation at 0.5 Gy and 8.0 Gy. Significantly higher level of ER-beta expression was found in post-radiation samples of prostate adenocarcinoma and benign epithelium. After RT, all steroid receptors were upregulated in prostatic stroma. Tumor AR expression did not change significantly. Although a positive association between AR and ER-beta expression was observed in pre-treatment prostate adenocarcinoma, it was lost after RT suggesting that these 2 steroid receptors respond differently to RT. High levels of pretreatment tumor ER-beta were associated with local recurrence after RT and decreased biochemical recurrence-free survival (p = 0.028). LNCaP cell line that expressed no ER-beta mRNA before gamma-irradiation, clearly expressed ER-beta mRNA 24 hr after 0.5 Gy and 8.0 Gy. Upregulation of all steroid receptors in the prostate stroma and upregulation of ER-beta in the tumor epithelium after RT, may represent a protective tissue response to radiation-induced tissue injury. Although stromal AR was doubled after RT, the tumor and benign epithelium expression of AR seemed resistant to change by RT.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2002

Expression of prostate-specific antigen is transcriptionally regulated by genistein in prostate cancer cells.

Prostate cancer is the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men in the United States. Unfortunately, there is no effective therapy when prostate cancer becomes metastatic and refractory to conventional treatments. For this reason, the identification and exploration of new agents that reduce prostate cancer cell growth are of paramount importance. High consumption of plant-derived phytoestrogens is inversely associated with the incidence and mortality rate of prostate cancer. Previous studies, including our own, have shown that the phytoestrogen genistein inhibits prostate cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo and decreases secreted and intracellular levels of the androgen-regulated protein prostate-specific antigen (PSA), but the role of genistein as an agonist/antagonist for hormone receptors remains unclear. To elucidate the mechanism by which genistein modulates PSA protein expression in prostate cancer cells, we investigated the effects of genistein on androgen-mediated and estrogen-mediated transcriptional regulation of PSA, androgen receptor (AR) mRNA and protein expression, and the ability of nuclear proteins to bind to androgen-response elements (AREs) in LNCaP cells. We showed that genistein decreased the transcriptional activation of PSA by both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent methods in LNCaP cells. The reduction of androgen-mediated transcriptional activation of PSA was correlated with decreased AR protein and mRNA levels and decreased binding to AREs. In contrast, genistein had differential effects on 17beta-estradiol-mediated PSA expressions. Low concentrations of genistein enhanced 17beta-estradiol-mediated PSA expressions, whereas high concentrations of genistein inhibited estrogen-mediated PSA expression in LNCaP cells. Genistein did not inhibit AR protein expression in the presence of 17beta-estradiol. These results suggest that ligand-dependent differences in the ability to activate PSA expression may contribute to the agonistic/antagonistic responses observed with genistein in prostate cancer cells.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2003

Expression pattern of mouse homolog of prostate-specific membrane antigen (FOLH1) in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate model.

BACKGROUND: Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is expressed on the plasma membrane of normal prostate and in primary and metastatic prostate cancer in humans. Recently, a mouse homolog of PSMA (FOLH1) was identified that shares an 85% sequence homology with human PSMA. The transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model displays spontaneous tumor development with age and metastasizes to tissues similar to human prostate cancer. This study characterized the expression of Folh1 in the TRAMP model to determine if the TRAMP would be a useful model system to evaluate PSMA-directed targeting strategies. METHODS: A sensitive, real-time quantitative PCR assay was developed to measure Folh1 cRNA copy number in various tissues of 30-32-week-old TRAMP+ and age-matched, nontransgenic controls (TRAMP-). RESULTS: Of the tissues studied, the highest expression of Folh1 was observed in the kidney and brain of both TRAMP+ and TRAMP- mice. Low levels of Folh1 cRNA (1-2 copies/ng total RNA) were detected in the tumor and lymph nodes of TRAMP+ mice and in the seminal vesicles and lung of the TRAMP+ and TRAMP- mice. The expression of Folh1 mRNA was sixfold higher in the prostate of 32-week-old TRAMP- mice compared to the tumor of 32-week-old TRAMP+ mice. The rank order of the Folh1 expression in the tissues studied was kidney > brain > prostate > tumor > lymph nodes > lung > seminal vesicles > liver. Folh1 mRNA was undetectable in the bone marrow of both TRAMP+ and TRAMP- mice. Folate hydrolase activity assayed in the kidney, brain, lung, and liver paralleled the expression of Folh1 mRNA in these tissues. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that Folh1 is expressed at very high levels in some normal mouse tissues including the prostate gland and that the expression is not upregulated in the tumor of 32-week-old TRAMP+ mice.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2006

Plasma and prostate phytoestrogen concentrations in prostate cancer patients after oral phytoestogen supplementation.

BACKGROUND: Phytoestrogens have been suggested to reduce the risk of prostate cancer (CaP), but no data exists on how oral phytoestrogen supplementation influences phytoestrogen concentrations in prostate tissue. METHODS: Forty men with CaP, assigned for radical prostatectomy, received 240 mg of clover phytoestrogens or placebo daily for a 2-week period before their operation in a prospective and randomized study. Phytoestrogens were measured in plasma and prostate tissue by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR-FIA). RESULTS: All patients had low baseline phytoestrogen concentrations and only 35% had a detectable plasma concentration of equol. Oral supplementation with phytoestrogens induced a statistically significant (P<0.001) 23- and 7-fold increase in prostate tissue concentrations of the phytoestrogens genistein and daidzein, respectively. Supplemented patients demonstrated prostate tissue genistein and daidzein concentrations that were over twofold higher than their plasma. Interestingly, even though the placebo group did not receive phytoestrogen challenge, they also demonstrated twofold prostate tissue genistein and daidzein concentrations compared to their plasma values, suggesting that the prostate can concentrate available phytoestrogens. In addition, after the supplementation, 90% of the supplemented patients had a detectable plasma equol concentration. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that prostate tissue can concentrate genistein and daidzein. Significant elevation of intraprostatic genistein and daidzein concentrations can be achieved with a short-term dietary phytoestrogen supplementation.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

Western blot assay for prostate-specific membrane antigen in serum of prostate cancer patients.

There is a need for the development of new diagnostic tools for the early detection of prostate cancer. A candidate molecule for a new screening test is a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSM) recognized by the monoclonal antibody 7E11.C5. We carried out studies aimed at identifying PSM in the serum of normal and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) donors and patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate, in order to judge whether the development of a serum assay using this marker was feasible. By Western blotting, we found significant levels of PSM in serum samples from prostatic cancer patients, in the seminal fluid of pooled normal donors, in BPH patients, and in normal male sera. Similar to prostate-specific antigen (PSA), PSM was present in seminal plasma in higher concentrations than in serum, and PSM levels in prostatic cancer patients were significantly higher than in normal controls. These data suggest that the development of an assay utilizing the PSM and new monoclonal antibodies directed against the antigen, could provide a feasible test for prostatic cancers.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

High-affinity specific [3H]tamsulosin binding to alpha 1-adrenoceptors in human prostates with benign prostatic hypertrophy.

The binding of a novel radioligand, [3H]tamsulosin, to human prostatic membranes with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) has been characterized. [3H]Tamsulosin rapidly associated with its binding sites in human prostatic membranes with BPH, and the binding reached steady state by 30 min at 25 degrees C. The rate constants for association and dissociation of [3H]tamsulosin binding were calculated to be 0.21 +/- 0.05/nM per minute and 0.01 +/- 0.004/min, respectively. The specific binding of [3H]tamsulosin in human prostatic membranes was saturable and of high affinity (Kd = 0.04 +/- 0.01 nM). The density of [3H]tamsulosin-binding sites (Bmax) was 409 +/- 28 fmol/mg protein. The Kd and Bmax values for [3H]tamsulosin binding in human prostates were significantly lower than those for [3H]prazosin binding. [3H]tamsulosin binding was remarkable for its significantly lower degree of nonspecific binding. Six alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists competed with [3H]tamsulosin for the binding sites in the rank order: tamsulosin > WB4101 > prazosin > S-(+)-isomer > naftopidil > yohimbine. The binding affinities (pKi) of these antagonists for [3H]tamsulosin binding in human prostates closely correlated with their pharmacological potencies (pA2) in prostates. In conclusion, [3H]tamsulosin selectively labels alpha 1-adrenoceptors in human prostates, and thus may become a useful radioligand for the further analysis of these receptors.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed2006

Dietary phytoestrogen, serum enterolactone and risk of prostate cancer: the cancer prostate Sweden study (Sweden).

OBJECTIVE: Based on evidence that phytoestrogens may protect against prostate cancer, we evaluated the associations between serum enterolactone concentration or dietary phytoestrogen intake and risk of prostate cancer. METHODS: In our Swedish population-based case-control study, questionnaire-data were available for 1,499 prostate cancer cases and 1,130 controls, with serum enterolactone levels in a sub-group of 209 cases and 214 controls. Unconditional logistic regression was performed to estimate multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations with risk of prostate cancer. RESULTS: High intake of food items rich in phytoestrogens was associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer. The OR comparing the highest to the lowest quartile of intake was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.57-0.95; p-value for trend: 0.01). In contrast, we found no association between dietary intake of total or individual lignans or isoflavonoids and risk of prostate cancer. Intermediate serum levels of enterolactone were associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer. The ORs comparing increasing quartiles of serum enterolactone concentration to the lowest quartile were, respectively, 0.28 (95% CI: 0.15-0.55), 0.63 (95% CI: 0.35-1.14) and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.41-1.32). CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the hypothesis that certain foods high in phytoestrogens are associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer.

4-Butyrolactone↗
PubMed2005

Preservation of prostate during radical cystectomy: evaluation of prevalence of prostate cancer associated with bladder cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the frequency and characteristics of prostatic lesions discovered incidentally in radical cystoprostatectomy specimens and to determine whether any factors would allow for the detection of prostate cancer preoperatively. METHODS: A total of 100 radical cystoprostatectomy specimens with orthotopic bladder reconstruction were performed for malignant bladder disease between 1990 and 2000. The mean patient age at surgery was 62 +/- 8 years (range 32 to 75). Digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) assay were done routinely before surgery. During the 10-year study period, the same pathologist examined the prostatic tissues from radical cystoprostatectomy specimens using McNeal's technique on fine slices every 2.5 mm. RESULTS: The overall incidence of prostate cancer discovered incidentally in radical cystoprostatectomy specimens was 51%, of which 29% were microcancers (volume less than 0.5 cm3) and 22% were significantly larger (volume 0.5 cm3 or more). The mean Gleason score was 6. Of the tumors, 24% could be considered "clinically nonsignificant" (less than 0.5 cm3 and Gleason score less than 7). The mean preoperative PSA level was 4.13 +/- 1.36 ng/mL. Of 66 patients with a PSA level of less than 4 ng/mL (mean PSA 1.5 +/- 0.8) and a normal digital rectal examination before surgery, 50% had prostate cancer, of which 69% were microcancers. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of prostate cancer (51%) in our series is among the highest in published reports. Furthermore, our results stress that currently no factors are available to enable the detection of "clinically significant" prostate cancer preoperatively.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Regulation of migration of primary prostate epithelial cells by secreted factors from prostate stromal cells.

Stromal-epithelial interactions, which regulate the migration of prostate epithelial cells, play an important role in prostate development, prostatic hyperplasia, and prostate cancer. The objective of this study was to determine how the prostate stroma stimulates the migration of primary prostate epithelial cells (PECs). In the Boyden chamber assay, PEC migration was strongly induced by the conditioned medium of primary prostate stromal cells (PSC-CM). Stimulation of PEC migration depended on the concerted action of adhesion and motility factors in the PSC-CM. Immobilized proteins from PSC-CM mediated adhesion, spreading, and head-to-tail polarization of PECs. Migration induced by immobilized PSC-CM proteins was significantly increased by hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF). Inhibition of P13-kinase or Src-family kinases, but not MEK or PLCchi, abolished migration in the Boyden chamber assay. Consistent with their concerted activity in migration assays, the combination of adhesion and motility factors was required for efficient activation of the P13-kinase/Akt pathway. HGF/SF in the PSC-CM was the principal stimulator of the P13-kinase/Akt pathway and an important mediator of PSC-CM-induced PEC migration. In conclusion, our data show that the migration of primary PECs is regulated by the P13-kinase and Src-family kinase signaling pathways and that the activation of the P13-kinase pathway requires adhesion and motility factors from the prostate stroma.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Murine monoclonal antibodies reactive with a variety of androgen independent Dunning rat prostate adenocarcinoma sublines also reactive with human prostate adenocarcinoma.

Murine hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibody (MCA) to Dunning rat prostate adenocarcinoma R-3327HIS (androgen independent type) has been produced by fusing P3x63 Ag8-653 myeloma cells with splenocytes of BALB/c mice which were immunized with R-3327HIS tumor cell membranes. One monoclonal antibody designated MCA-R1 (IgG2a subtype) produced an intense immunostaining of various androgen independent Dunning rat prostate tumor sublines (HIS, HIM, HIF, AT-1, AT-2, AT-3, MAT-Lu and MAY-Ly-Lu), but did not stain other tumors of rat origin or normal rat tissues. Marginal immunostaining was detected in the androgen responsive R-3327H and R-3327G tumor subline. Although MCA-R1 antibody did not react with the regressed prostate tumor of R-3327H or R-3327G, it strongly reacted with the relapsed prostate tumor from either R-3327H or R-3327G tumor derived from rats were treated with diethyl stilbestrol (DES) or castration. MCA-R1 antibody also produced a strong cross-reaction with human prostate adenocarcinoma. Like the Dunning rat tumor, human adenocarcinoma exhibited distinct immunostaining patterns with respect to intracellular localization among well differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated tumor. Benign prostatic hyperplasia or other normal tissues did not stain. Immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and radioautographic analysis revealed that the Dunning rat prostate tumor antigen recognized (m.wt. 50 and 120 Kd) by MCA-R1 antibody are localized on both cell surface and in the cytoplasm. This MCA may represent a potential reagent for the study of tumor biology and immunotherapy of prostate tumor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

Transurethral needle ablation of the prostate: a minimally invasive treatment for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Transurethral needle ablation of the prostate, a relatively new minimally invasive treatment modality for patients with bladder outlet obstruction attributable to an enlarged prostate gland, has undergone extensive evaluation by numerous investigators worldwide. The results to date indicate that needle ablation is safe and effective for relieving symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, and the effect has been demonstrated to be durable for at least 2 years. Nevertheless, additional investigations with longer follow-up data are needed to address the important issues of extended durability (5 to 10 years) and biophysiologic mechanism of action. Comparisons between transurethral needle ablation of the prostate and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) have revealed that the subjective and objective measures of response are comparable, although TURP has consistently displayed a slight advantage over needle ablation for most variables analyzed, except quality of life score. The advantages of needle ablation over TURP are (1) performance in the office as an outpatient procedure, (2) no need for general or spinal anesthesia, (3) rapid recovery, (4) minimal side effects, and (5) one-time intervention. The following disadvantages exist with needle ablation: (1) it may not be indicated or effective in patients with large prostate glands (75 g or more); (2) no prostate tissue is available for histologic evaluation; and (3) no long-term efficacy or re-treatment rate data have been published. Overall, the available information indicates that transurethral needle ablation is a viable minimally invasive treatment that may be applicable in men with moderate to severe bladder outlet obstruction as a result of an enlarged prostate gland.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗