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At least 1,693 records · Page 94Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Prevention and therapy of radiation-induced bowel discomfort.

In a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study, including 70 patients treated with radiotherapy of localized malignancies in the pelvis, the effects of prophylactic sucralfate in preventing bowel discomfort were evaluated. Radiotherapy was delivered in a conventional manner with high-energy photons in a total dose of 62-66 Gy (target dose, 1.8-2.2 Gy) during 6.5 weeks. Dose granules of sucralfate or placebo were given 2 weeks after irradiation started and continued for 6 weeks. All analyses were performed blindly. The patients in the sucralfate group had significantly less problems with acute (5 weeks) and chronic (66 weeks) bowel discomfort. The consumption of loperamide was also reduced in the sucralfate group, and the weight decrease was less pronounced. No adverse effects were seen. Thus, sucralfate seems to be beneficial in minimizing the problems of bowel discomfort during and after irradiation of malignancies in the pelvis. These results are discussed in relation to other related observations.

Diarrhea↗
PubMed1977

Complications after radiation therapy for cervical carcinoma.

A series of 1 139 patients with invasive carcinoma of the cervix uteri who received a complete course of treatment by means of external irradiation followed by intracavitary curietherapy was evaluated in order to assess the results of treatment and, in particular, the radiation complications induced. Complications developed in 145 instances (12.7%). Severe complications occurred in only 3 per cent. Twenty-four cases had more than one complication. Rectosigmoidal injuries accounted for 72 per cent of all complications, and appeared earlier than did bladder complications and within the first two years after treatment. No apparent correlation between age and the occurrence of complications was found. The rate was higher in early stages. The radiation complications did not adversely affect the survival results.

Colitis↗
PubMed1984

Perirectal infections in acute leukemia. Improved survival after incision and debridement.

During a 6-year period, 16 (7.9%) of 202 patients with acute leukemia of both the lymphocytic and nonlymphocytic types developed perirectal infections. All patients were febrile and severely neutropenic (14 patients had absolute neutrophil counts of less than 100/mm3). Lesions were painful and indurated but lacked fluctuance. Urinary retention, peritoneal signs, and extension of the infection to the genitalia were common. Eleven patients had bacteremia, and an average of 2.1 enteric bacteria were recovered from samples of abscess fluid or blood. Perirectal lesions were operatively incised and debrided (10 patients), unless spontaneous drainage occurred (5 patients). These 15 patients became pain-free in less than 48 hours and afebrile in 2 to 8 days. Drained lesions healed in all. Thirteen of fifteen patients left the hospital, whereas 2 died in the hospital of unrelated causes. The only patient whose lesion was not drained died of continuous bacteremia. Early incision and debridement contributed to our patients' improved survival.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Gonococcal infections.

Gonorrhea may be the most extensively studied infection of the past 20 years. The gonorrhea epidemic in the United States began in the early 1960s and peaked in 1975. Ironically, since 1976 the declining overall incidence has been offset by the advent of plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase production by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and by a growing problem with outbreaks due to strains with chromosomally mediated penicillin and tetracycline resistance. This new antimicrobial resistance, coupled with the frequency of concurrent chlamydial infection in developed countries and concurrent syphilis in some developing countries, has created a need for new approaches to gonorrhea therapy. With the introduction of certain new antimicrobial agents, highly effective forms of therapy are again available. New approaches to rapid diagnosis are also becoming available, but require critical appraisal. Unfortunately, in most of the world's population, gonorrhea remains epidemic, diagnosis of gonorrhea in women is extremely difficult, and highly effective antimicrobial agents are no longer affordable. Thus, vaccine development remains an extremely important goal. Although no candidate gonococcal vaccine currently holds high promise, the increasing understanding of the biology of the gonococcus and the pathogenesis of gonorrhea will serve to focus future research on vaccine development.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1979

Infection due to Corynebacterium species in marrow transplant patients.

A Corynebacterium species consistently resistant to all antibiotic therapy except vancomycin caused bacteremia in 32 of 284 (11%) marrow transplant patients. Twenty-one patients had colonization or infection before bacteremia. Twenty-six of the 32 patients were males, and males older than 16 years were infected significantly more often than females over 16, or than all patient under 16. A case-control study showed that infected patients had greater exposure to antibiotics; more often had failure of engraftment and persistent granulocytopenia; were in laminar air-flow rooms less often; and had greater inhospital mortality. Cultural surveillance showed that 17 of 42 marrow transplant patients were colonized with Corynebacterium species. Likelihood of colonization appeared related to age, sex, and duration of hospitalization. Prevalence of colonization in other populations was 1% in nonhospitalized healthy adults and 13% in adults in a general hospital. Corynebacterium species infections occur primarily in adult males with granulocytopenia, mucocutaneous defects, and receiving intensive antibiotic therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Rectal gonorrhea in men: diagnosis and treatment.

In a prospective investigation of rectal gonorrhea in men, 1262 patients were studied on the basis of rectal symptoms, gonorrhea contact, or a previously positive rectal culture for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Five hundred fifty-four patients (44%) had rectal gonorrhea, based on a positive culture; in these patients the symptom of mucus on the stool and the anoscopic finding of generalized exudate proved significant but of low specificity when compared with symptoms and findings in culture-negative patients. Patients were treated with either 4.8 million units of procaine penicillin with 1 g probenecid, 3.5 or 4.5 g of ampicillin with 1 g probenecid, or 9.5 g of tetracycline given over 4 days. Four hundred seven patients with rectal gonorrhea returned for test of cure. Failure rates were 5% with each of the first three regimens and 15% with tetracycline (P less than 3.31). Procaine penicillin with probenecid is recommended as the treatment of choice, with tetracycline being reserved for penicillin-allergic patients.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1998

[Long-term results of the treatment in complicated forms of acute paraproctitis].

The surgical treatment results of 260 patients with complex forms of an acute paraproctitis in terms from 6 mo to 9 yrs are adduced. After radical operation excellent and good result was noted in 78.7% of patients, poor--in 15.3%; after nonradical one--in 7.8 and 92.2% accordingly. After the internal fistula aperture closure using translocated flap of the distal rectum mucosa in 95.9% of patients an excellent and good result was achieved, poor--in 2%; after opening of abscess with cryptectomy--in 80.6 and in 17.9% accordingly; after the ligature method application--in 55.9 and in 29.5% accordingly.

Abscess↗