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PubMed1983

[Morphology of the brain and heart in alcoholic psychoses].

The authors studied the brain and heart of 40 patients (30 males and 10 females) who were hospitalized with the clinical diagnosis of alcoholic delirium, Gaye-Wernike's encephalopathy, and acute alcoholic intoxication due to chronic alcoholism. The morphological alterations in the brain and heart were as follows: compromised vascular permeability, dystrophic changes in the neurons and cardiomyocytes, proliferative reaction of microgliocytes and the development of small cardiosclerosis. Such disorders can be defined as an exacerbation of chronic alcoholic encephalopathy and cardiomyodystrophy. Alcoholic damage to the heart seems to be one of the additional factors that disrupt cerebral hemodynamics which results in hypoxia of the cerebral tissue and is accompanied by impairment of the central regulation of cardiac activity and progression of cerebral changes, i. e. the pathological process develops according to the vicious circle principle.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Acute psychoses and mood disorders in Parkinson disease. Role of antiparkinson therapy].

L-DOPA has progressively replaced atropinic substances in the treatment of the Parkinson's disease but its superiority is not evident in all domains. The same as these substances, it can occasion a secondary psychical pathology essentially presented by affective disorders and psychotic phenomena. The proposed study lays on the comparison between two parkinsonian groups, one undergoing a dopaminergic treatment the other one not. The hallucinary and confusing properties and to a lesser degree the depressive properties of L-DOPA are correlated to risk factors amongst which the average advanced age of the patients has the greatest place.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

[Ketamine-induced psychopathological changes in normal volunteers during conditions used for experimental psychoses (author's transl)].

The psychotomimetic properties of ketamine were studied in 9 physically and psychically normal medical students and nurses during 20 single-blind experiments. During the experiments any disturbance to the subject was avoided. A dose of 0.25 mg/kg produced psychical changes in every case, and 1 mg/kg caused an experimental psychosis every time. The latter starts in an "ideal" case with an expressive disturbance of consciousness down to the level of surgical anesthesia. 5-7 minutes after the start of the experiments the scalar change of consciousness lessens enabling the qualitative changes to become obvious. Strong short-time memory disturbance however prevents the subjects from describing coherently the large number of hallucinations and illusions which are frequently experienced. For several moments at the end of the experiment a strong disturbance of body-feeling combined with ataxia may still be present when consciousness is almost normal. - According to the observed psychopathological changes ketamine may be classified as a not LSD-typical hallucinogen. - It should be possible to lower the frequency of adverse reactions to ketaminemonanesthesia by preparing the patients for the strange experiences possible during emergence.

Adult↗