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At least 1,693 records · Page 94Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Electrophoretic variability in island populations of Drosophila simulans and Drosophila immigrans.

Genetic structure and variability were investigated in several Hawaiian populations of D. simulans and D. immigrans. Genetic variability is lower in Hawaiian populations of D. simulans than in Texas populations, and allelic differences exist as well. For D. immigrans, Hawaiian and Korean populations are similar in variability, allelic content, and gene frequencies. Several hypothesis are advanced to account for the patterns in gene variation observed between island and continental populations of these two colonizing species.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1995

Isoenzymes related to flight activity in Tetragonisca angustula (Hymenoptera:Apidae:Meliponinae): evidence of postranslational modification of the hexokinase and detection of new glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase variants.

To detect genetic markers, electrophoretic analyses were carried out on Tetragonisca angustula, a stingless bee well adapted to its wide area of occurrence, which is becoming economically important because of the quality of its honey. Polymorphism of the enzyme hexokinase was detected and it was demonstrated that, although it presents two bands in meliponines, this enzyme is under the control of a single locus whose product probably undergoes postranslational modification. The more common allele occurs in the two Tetragonisca subspecies studied here, but the other seems to be characteristic of only one subspecies. Four variants involving the two glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase loci are also described. These two enzymes share the property of presenting two electrophoretic bands, one of which is characteristic of actively flying adult thoraces.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Allozyme differentiation among nine populations of the corn borer (Ostrinia) in China.

To test the hypothesis of the migration of the corn borer, the allozymes of nine populations of the corn borer (Ostrinia) in China were checked using vertical-slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Eight loci of six allozymes were analyzed. The mean of the genetic identities among the nine populations calculated from the allele frequencies was 0.99068, much closer than that of other species and geographical populations. The mean (0.97955) of the genetic identities between the XJYN population (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner, collected from Yining, Xinjiang Autonomous Region) and each of the other eight populations (O. furnacalis Guenée) was significantly smaller than that between the pairs of the eight populations (0.99386; t test, P < 0.01). Although the population XJYN clearly deviates from the other eight populations in the dendrogram, the relationship of the two species of corn borer was very close. It is possible that the speciation of corn borer may have resulted from single-gene substitutions.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

2,3-DPG levels in relation to red cell enzyme activities in rat fetuses and hypoxic newborns.

We have measured in red cells from fetal and adult Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats the activities of phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate kinase (PK) and diphosphoglyceromutase (DPGM) as key enzymes in the regulation of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) levels to gather information on the possible causes of the low concentration of 2,3-DPG in fetal red cells. The most striking differences were seen with regard to PK and DPGM activities. The activity of PK was ten times higher in fetal compared to adult red cells, whereas red cell DPGM activity was absent in fetuses and high in adults. In addition, we studied postnatal changes in red cell PK and DPGm activities as well as in the 2,3-DPG concentration in Sprague-Dawley rats. The concentration of 2,3-DPG and the activity of DPGM in red cells increased to almost the adult value within 2 and 4 weeks after birth, respectively, while the activity of PK decreased concomitantly. The postnatal changes occurred similarly, when newborn rats grew up under conditions of hypoxic hypoxia at 0.46 atm (pO2 = 9.2 kPa). Our studies support the hypothesis that postnatal changes in 2,3-DPG levels are due to changes in the activity of certain glycolytic enzymes and that the switch from fetal-type to adult-type red cells follows a genetically determined time course.

Aging↗
PubMed1975

Confirmation of the linkage HL-A/PGM3.

In a series of 42 families with 101 children the linkage between HL-A and PGM3 could be confirmed (most likely recombination fraction for male equals 0.15).

Female↗
PubMed1986

Use of enzyme ratios for differentiating stocks of Trypanosoma vivax.

Bloodstream forms of nine different Trypanosoma vivax stocks were compared by the enzyme ratios of selected enzyme systems. Analysis of the results differentiated the trypanosome stocks into three groups, thus suggesting that enzyme ratios of selected enzymes could be of practical use in demonstrating intraspecific differences in trypanosomes.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1995

Entamoeba histolytica autochthonous isolates from mentally retarded Italian patients.

A total of 77 mentally retarded male inpatients residing in a psychiatric institution in northern Italy were screened for the presence of stool parasites, Entamoeba histolytica particularly. Parasitological stool examination showed Entamoeba spp. (E. histolytica and/or E. dispar) in 26 cases (33.7%). In vitro culture on Robinson's medium was positive in 16 cases (61.1%); in 11 cases we could stabilize and clone the isolates and proceed to electrophoretic assays. In all cases, patterns of pathogenic zymodemes were found (zymodeme II, 3 isolates; zymodeme XII, 4 isolates; zymodeme XIV, 4 isolates). All isolates were therefore identified as E. histolytica.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Transfer of Chinese hamster chromosome 1 to mouse cells and regional assignment of 7 genes: a combination of gene transfer and microcell fusion.

We have used a combination of chromosome-mediated gene transfer and microcell fusion techniques to transfer Chinese hamster chromosome 1 to mouse cells. Microcell hybrids containing a single hamster chromosome were analyzed to map genes on this chromosome. We have confirmed the assignment of seven markers (GSR, NP, EST-D, ADK, PEP-S, PGM2, and PEP-B) to hamster chromosome 1. Segregation among the linked markers was induced by X irradiation followed by selection for the retention or loss of human hprt. Cosegregation of markers in independent subclones made it possible to determine the gene order for the seven loci. The gene order proposed for these loci is as follows: pter-GSR-NP-EST-D-ADK-(PEP-S, PGM2)-PEP-B-qter. In addition GSR, NP, EST-D, and ADK have been assigned to pter-1q12; PEP-S and PGM2 to 1q12-1q21, and PEP-B to 1q32-1qter. These regional assignments and gene order on chromosome 1 have provided the information relevant to the linkages conserved between Chinese hamster, mouse, and man.

Adenosine Kinase↗
PubMed1975

Chinese hamster X mouse hybrid cells segregating mouse chromosomes and isozymes.

Hybrid cells are readily formed by fusing clonal Chinese hamster cells to fresh, noncultured, adult mouse spleen cells followed by isolation in selective medium. The vast majority of such hybrids retain Chinese hamster chromosomes and isozymes while segregating mouse chromosomes and isozymes. The growth, plating efficiency, ease of karyology, and rapid segregation of mouse markers allows linkage tests in primary clones. Analysis of 13 isozymes showed 12 to be asyntenic and on epair (PGD-PGM2) to be syntenic This system will allow extensive somatic cell hybrid gene mapping in the mouse and permit a comparison of human and mouse linkage relationships.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Human intraspecific somatic cell hybrids: a genetic and karyotypic analysis of crosses between lymphocytes and D98/AH-2.

A number of human intraspecific hybrids were produced by fusing the 8-azaguanine-resistant cell line D98/AH-2 with PHA-stimulated lymphocytes from a normal human male, followed by selection in HAT medium. The parent cells differed in zymogram patterns for 4 enzyme systems. Hypoxanthine-guanine phophoribosyltransferase was missing in D98/AH-2 and was determined in the hybrids by the normal gene derived from the lymphocyte donor's X chromosome. The HL-A antigens of the lymphocyte donor as well as the W28 specificity from HeLa were easily recognized by a cytotoxicity assay on the hybrid cells, while D98/AH-2 itself was not killed in the normal way by any HL-4 typing sera. The initial hybrid karyotype in all lines was relatively stable, but slow loss of chromosomes occurred following extended growth in culture. The importance of the culture conditions for the rate of chromosome loss was demonstrated. The behavior of several chromosomes was followed in the hybrids and their derivatives. There was relatively nonspecific loss of small numbers of chromosomes, showing that loss of chromosomes from both the D98/AH-2 and the normal lymphocyte parent can occur. Cell lines resistant to 6-thioguanine were selected from the sensitive hybrids. Most had lost the lymphocyte donor's X chromosome, thereby losing the only active allele for HGPRT present in the initial hybrids. However, one line, DMR41, apparently retained the X chromosome and may have a mutated allele for HGPRT. Two lines that are the products of spontaneous segregation are also described. DM4CS and DM17A.

Acid Phosphatase↗