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PubMed1991

Urinary iodine and the state of the thyroid gland in Czech children.

In 1988 the authors examined by palpation a total of 978 13--14-year-old children (490 boys and 488 girls) from two areas with a different endemic incidence of goitre (Sedlcany area high endemic, Príbram area low endemic). By palpation in this group a non-palpable thyroid gland was found in 48.2% boys and 33.2% girls. Type 1A in 44.9% boys and 50.0% girls, type 1B in 6.5% boys and 14.8% girls and type 2 in 0.3% boys and 2.0% girls. From this basic group by random selection a representative group of 200 children was selected where the following were assessed: urinary iodine/g creatinine, T3, T4, TSH and the volume of the thyroid gland. Urinary iodine in children from the Sedlcany area: boys 74.98 +/- 52.57 micrograms I/g cr, girls 75.36 +/- 77.05 micrograms I/g cr, children from the Príbram area: boys 55.0 +/- 23.36, girls 58.0 +/- 30.24 micrograms I/g cr. The difference between urinary iodine in boys from the two areas is significant (P < 0.05). The prevalence of optimal urinary iodine (i.e. 101-150 micrograms I/g cr) was in the Sedlcany area 6--13%, in the Príbram area 2.5-8.0% (girls, boys). The difference between areas was not significant. Volume of the thyroid gland in the Sedlcany area: boys 7.20 +/- 2.26 ml, girls 8.0 +/- 2.66 ml, in the Príbram area: boys 7.18 +/- 3.01 ml, girls 7.79 +/- 2.63 ml. The prevalence of children with a volume of the thyroid gland above 10 ml in the Sedlcany area was 20% in boys and 21.6% in girls. In the Príbram area 18.4% in boys and 17.5% in girls. The difference between areas was not significant. T3 in the Sedlcany area in boys: 2.43 +/- 0.53, in girls 2.42 +/- 0.51 nmol/l, in the Príbram area in boys 2.61 +/- 0.50, in girls 2.53 +/- 0.62 nmol. The difference between areas is not significant. T4 in the Sedlcany area in boys: 132.3 +/- 26.39 nmol/l, in girls: 132.92 +/- 26.77 nmol/l, in the Príbram area in boys: 126.7 +/- 23.89 nmol/l, in girls 147.8 +/- 40.2 nmol/l. The difference is significant in girls (P < 0.05). TSH Sedlcany area in boys: 1.62 +/- 0.67 mU/l, in girls 2.07 +/- 0.72 mU/l in the Príbram area in boys: 1.77 +/- 0.95 mU/l, in girls 2.10 +/- 1.25 mU/l. The difference is not significant. The prevalence of elevated T3 levels (above 3.0 nmol/l) in the Sedlcany area was 7.4% in boys and 8.9% in girls, in the Príbram area 15.4% in boys and 14.0% in girls. The difference is not significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Testicular morphological and biochemical changes after Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy in rats].

Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy is the most common method of treating high-positioned undescended testes. Its success rate has been reported to be as high as 50-70% based on palpation or in a few circumstances on biopsy. Although it is convenient to evaluate testicular function by palpation and/or biopsy, this method is very subjective and is not scientific enough. To determine testicular function more precisely and objectively, we performed the Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy on Sprague-Dawley rats and observed the morphological and biochemical changes, including assays of LDH, SDH and the testosterone level. In our morphological study, with the use of Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy, only 17% (3/18) of the rat tests could be salvaged. The others revealed either necrosis or fibrosis. Testicular LDH, checked at the 4th postoperative week, revealed 0.62 +/- 0.04 U/mg which was statistically different (p less than 0.05) from that of the control group and the hemicastrated group (0.77 +/- 0.05 U/mg and 0.76 +/- 0.07 U/mg, respectively). The SDH obtained from the testes also revealed significant differences between the study group and the control and hemicastrated groups. Values obtained were 2.67 +/- 0.15 mU/mg, 3.77 +/- 0.4 mU/mg and 3.77 +/- 0.33 mU/mg, respectively (p less than 0.05). Using electrophoresis, 3 out of 18 rats had typical X bands, which is the classical picture of a normal mature testis. In contrast, the others showed faint X bands at the 2nd postoperative week, which subsequently faded thereafter. During testicular ischemia, the Leydig cells are more resistant than the Sertoli cells and the germinal cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Craniomandibular disorders in an urban Swedish population.

A sample of 637 persons was interviewed and examined clinically for signs and symptoms of CMD. Five percent reported daily headaches, and recurrent headaches were more frequently (P less than 0.001) reported by women (28%) than men (15%). Women more often (P greater than 0.001) had headaches upon awaking and in the afternoon. Face, eyes, throat, and neck were the most common locations of pain (20%). Women (18%) more often (P less than 0.05) reported CM symptoms than men (10%), and 16% of the women and 9% of the men considered themselves to be in need of treatment. About 20% reported oral parafunctions (clenching/grinding/biting). The most frequent clinical finding was TMJ sounds (58%). Both clicking and crepitation were more frequent in women (P less than 0.01). Palpation tenderness in the jaw muscles was most frequently found in the lateral pterygoid (34%) and temporal muscle (27%). Women generally had more tenderness and muscles tender to palpation. Mean maximal opening capacity was significantly larger in men. Only 12% of the sample were found to be free of signs of mandibular dysfunction. As signs and symptoms of CMD were common findings, routine dental examination should always include functional examination of the stomatognathic system to evaluate the need of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A method of barium transit in the small intestine in children].

The authors describe and illustrate their method of barium small bowel examination in children. This method utilizes a rapid repletion of the small bowel with diluted barium, and a careful palpation of each intestinal loop under radioscopic supervision with a Holzknecht's palpator.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Sonography in the evaluation of treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer. First results in 158 patients.

Sonographic examination of soft tissues of the neck was used to search for recurrent thyroid cancer in 158 patients. Two hundred and thirty-six sonographic findings were evaluated. Specificity of the method, regardless of the type of recurrence, was 0.96, sensitivity 0.66, precision 0.81, predictive value of negative finding 0.72. This compares favorably with the results of examination by palpation (sensitivity 0.32 to 0.52, according to the type of recurrence), or with those of palpation combined with thyroglobulin estimation (sensitivity 0.50 to 0.60). Most important was the possibility of early detection of unpalpable recurrent lesions showing no radioiodine uptake, or relapses with low thyroglobulin production. Systematic evaluation of out-patients using sonography could lower the need for radioiodine scans that are necessarily connected with thyroid hormone therapy withdrawal and that are usually performed in in-patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Usefulness of the percutaneous marking method with a coil (PMMC) for the localization of small pulmonary nodules].

We surgeons have always encountered difficulty in localizing small pulmonary nodules, measuring less than 5 mm in diameter, through palpation during operation. In order to solve such a problem, we devised a new method of localizing small pulmonary nodules by applying a technique of CT-guided needle biopsy; namely, metallic spring coil is implanted through a 16 G eraster needle, the tip of which has been placed near the lesion. Our method not only secures the resection of entire lesions, but reduces an amount of lung resection through a small incision (mini-thoracotomy) as well. Furthermore, this method is also thought to be useful for open lung biopsy of pulmonary nodules, measuring less than 1 cm in diameter, in saving time and reducing an amount of lung tissue collection. In case of cystic lesion which is thought to be difficult to palpate on operation, this method can also be useful for its resection.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Functional status of patients prior to and after orthognathic surgery].

The functional status of 12 patients was evaluated before and after orthognathic surgery for a malocclusion. The results of surgical intervention showed distinctive differences in the status of the temporomandibular joint and masticatory musculature. The number of tender muscles on palpation and the occurrence of temporomandibular joint sounds was reduced to approximately one third. However, the number of joints showing pain on palpation increased. Axiographical recordings of movement paths shawed normal values in 2 patients postoperatively. Chewing patterns were generally more harmonious, but the size of the chewing field was smaller.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Biometric analyses of vibrissal tactile discrimination in the rat.

Blindfolded rats were trained to stretch across a gap to palpate rough or smooth surfaces with their mystacial vibrissae. Animals learned to discriminate reliably a smooth surface from a rough surface having shallow (approximately 30 microns) grooves spaced at 90 microns intervals. Field-by-field video analyses confirmed that rats used only their vibrissae to contact the discriminanda. The whiskers swept across the surfaces at 696 degrees/sec during forward movements and 1106 degrees/sec for retracting movements. Mean amplitudes, which were 32 degrees, were considerably smaller than the total arc through which whiskers can move. Rats maintained whisker contact with discriminanda for several hundreds of msec, during which time the animals repetitively swept their vibrissae across the surface at a dominant frequency of 8 Hz. The range extended from 1 to 20 Hz, and the frequencies utilized varied within and among subjects. Whiskers contacted the discriminanda along the hair shaft, not at the whisker tips. The hair shafts were bent continually but to varying degrees as an animal palpated the surface, and more than one of the large caudal whiskers were almost always in contact with it. Thus, whiskers are not used independently as rigid levers. Results indicate that the capacity of the rodent whisker system to distinguish a smooth surface from a rough one is comparable to that of primates using their fingertips and suggest common strategies for active touch in the mammalian somatomotor system.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Uroflowmetry of males over 50 years old--analysis of the mass examination of the prostate].

The uroflowmetry of a total of 533 males over 50 years old, who had undergone a mass examination of the prostate in Tanno Town, Hokkaido Prefecture in 1982, and 1985, was studied. These subjects were divided into 4 groups, i.e., those 50 to 69 years old and those over 70 years old and those with and without prostatic hypertrophy by rectal palpation, the relationship between voided volume and flow rate was examined. Subjects without prostatic hypertrophy by rectal palpation in the older group showed markedly lower flow rate rate than the younger group and subjects with prostatic hypertrophy in the younger group had a lower flow rate than the older group. Thus, urinary disturbance in elderly men was supposed to occur due to aging changes such as benign prostatic hypertrophy and bladder neck contracture.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Case report of chondroma of the tongue.

A 20-year-old Japanese woman was referred to the hospital for examination and treatment of an asymptomatic swelling of the left dorsum of the tongue. Intraoral examination revealed that the tumor was covered with normal mucosa and oval, firm on palpation and measured 1.5 cm in diameter. The lesion was movable suggesting benignity in nature. No cervical lymph node was palpated. The cut surface of the extirpated tumor after fixation showed a chalky white "core region" surrounded with a yellowish white adipose tissue. Histopathological examination revealed the lesion to be a benign cartilaginous tumor. We report this case of chondroma which arose from the tongue because of its rarity, and reviewed related literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Laparoscopic assessment of the operability of pancreatic cancer].

Results are reported of laparoscopic examination of 78 patients with pancreatic cancer. The methods used were laparoscopic inspection and palpation of the pancreas, laparoscopic biopsy by mono- and bipuncture method, laparoscopic inspection and palpation of the organs of bursa omentalis. As a result of these investigations, dissemination outside the pancreas was established in 57 patients (73.1 per cent) in the outpatient services, before entering hospital. The other 21 patients (26.9 per cent) were subjected to radical or palliative surgical interventions. The importance of laparoscopy for evaluation of the operability and for selection of patients, entering surgical clinics, is emphasized.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Early diagnosis of cancer of the prostate. Hypothetic role of transrectal echography].

In order to clarify the value of transrectal ultrasonic examination of the prostate in the diagnosis of prostatic cancer at an early stage, 666 patients were screened in one year; 602 of them (TO) had a normal, firm or hypertrophic but non-nodular prostate at digital rectal palpation, 41 had a T1-T2 prostate and 23 a T3-T4 prostate. Among the 602 TO prostates, 162 showed a hypoechoic peripheral area which was biopsied, revealing an infiltrating carcinoma in 11 cases. The ability of transrectal ultrasound alone to detect TO cancer was estimated at 1.8 per cent (11/602). The positive predictive value of a hypoechoic image of the prostate was estimated at 7 per cent (11/162), which is much lower than the figures reported in the literature. Transrectal ultrasound can be considered an acceptable method for detecting TO tumours of the prostate with a yield comparable to that of digital rectal palpation in the T1-T2 tumours. The low performance (1.8 per cent) of transrectal ultrasound in detecting cancer at an early stage rules out any mass screening programme of the male population over 50 years of age. However, 45 per cent of localized tumours in this series were detected by transrectal ultrasound.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Value of diagnostic localization of insulinoma].

The value of diagnostic localization of insulinoma The value of diagnostic localization statements are contradictory. Basing on our own patient material (n = 41) the preoperative localization of an insulinoma was correct with sonography in 57.7%, with computed tomography in 21.4%, with computed tomography with bolus injection of contrast medium in 73.3%, with angiography 63.9% and with percutaneous transhepatic portal vein catheterisation with selective test of hormones (PTP) in 76.9%. Intraoperative 38 of 41 insulinomas were palpable and twelve of 16 insulinomas were seen during intraoperative sonography. Although we palpate more than 90% of all insulinomas we support a preoperative diagnostic localization for easier intraoperative palpation.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychotherapy with expressive technics in psychotic patients].

In February 1984, it was decided to resort to non-verbal expressive techniques as a suitable way for doing group psychotherapy with psychotic patients. A corporal language technique was selected which comprised (a) sense-perception elements, (b) corporal expression, and (c) yoga, arranged in five-step sessions: space acknowledgment, deep-breathing exercise, palpation of an osteoarticular structure, motility test of the previously palpated zone, and expressive exercise. Such an experiment was carried out with a group of psychotic patients, another group with psychosomatic symptoms, and a third, changeable, heterogenous group, with, obviously, a control group. Observations were made of patients' behavior during sessions, and their clinical progress throughout. All patients showed good response to the movement proposals, and no emotional excesses were detected. It was clinically observed that, in all cases, sociability improved, and anxiety decreased--in this connection, medication could be cut down accordingly. As regards 2 schizophrenic female patients, biological therapy could be ruled out.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Measurement of blood pressure in children aged 0 to 2 years by four indirect methods].

In 75 children aged 0 to 2 years 104 blood pressure measurement have been performed by palpation, auscultation, ultrasound and sphigo-oscillographic method. It has been found that sphigo-oscillographic and ultrasound method are the most reliable and adequate for children below 2 years of age. The sphigo-oscillographic method shows higher and the method of palpation and auscultation lower values of systolic blood pressure than the ultrasound one. Hypertension has been detected in 7% of the investigated children.

Blood Pressure Determination↗
PubMed1989

Normal thyroid size versus goiter--postmortem thyroid weight and ultrasonographic volumetry versus physical examination.

The data on postmortem thyroid weight and on thyroid volume estimation with the aid of ultrasound are briefly reviewed and correlated with indicated or presumed intake of iodine in the appropriate area. The well known negative correlation between iodine intake and thyroid size may be supported even by this approach which shows that as a normal thyroid volume may be taken that obtained in areas with sufficient iodine intake such as Iceland, Sweden, Netherlands and USA. In these countries the average thyroid volume was found by various authors to be in a range of about 8 to 12 ml (or g) for females and about 11 to 15 ml (or g) in males which is approximately 10 ml (or g) less than the values considered as normal until recently. The comparisons of the data on postmortem weight or sonographically determined volume of the thyroid with palpatory findings showed that the same stage of thyroid size according to various recommended scales as found by palpation or inspection may correspond to a great variety of actual volumes and thus that the palpation may be considered as highly inaccurate method for precise estimation of thyroid size. From this view it may be recommended predominantly for large scale and low cost field epidemiological studies, while a most favourable ultrasonographic volumetry should be used for a majority of basal clinical studies and field surveys.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Diagnostic imaging for breast cancer].

With the westernization of the Japanese diet and way of life, the mortality due to breast cancer continues gradually to increase. This disease, however, is a type of cancer that can be well controlled by primary preventive measures and early detection. Numerous techniques of diagnostic imaging for breast cancer have been established, but the most common are mammography and ultrasonography. For X-ray mammography, a low tube voltage is necessary so that small differences in X-ray absorption by the various tissues within the breast may be detected, but when the surface dose is increased, it is a source of anxiety because of the possible development of secondary carcinoma. Ultrasonography of the breast, however, is free from the dangers of radiation exposure, and may be conducted in conjunction with palpation, thus representing a highly reliable approach. The diagnostic reliability of mammography and ultrasonography was investigated in 251 cases in which breast cancer was confirmed by these methods in a total of 752 outpatients who visited the Department of Breast Surgery of the Aichi Cancer Center Hospital in Nagoya, Japan. As a diagnostic procedure for breast cancer, mammography was shown to have a sensitivity of 89.2%, a specificity of 92.6%, and an accuracy rate of 91.5%, the respective values for the ultrasound technique being 84.9%, 88.9%, and 87.5%. These results are superior even to those of surgeons with 30 years of experience specializing in the breast (86.9%, 85.3%, and 85.8%), especially when tumors cannot be palpated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Non-invasive sonography and ultrasound-guided puncture of suspected malignant facial and neck masses].

102 patients with malignomas of the face and neck were examined by palpation, sonography, and in some cases also computed tomography. In 79 patients the cervical lymph nodes had to be removed surgically. Intraoperative and pathohistological findings were compared to the examination results before treatment. Sensitivity values were 100% for sonography, 85% for palpation, and 80% for CT. For a differentiation between benign and malignant space occupying lesions sonographic structures, shapes, and sizes of non-tumorous lymph nodes were compared to those of metastasizing ones. However, non-invasive sonography alone was not sufficient for a reliable diagnosis about the nature of the tumor. Therefore a first report is presented on ultrasound-guided fine needle puncture and aspiration biopsy of suspected malignant face and neck masses.

Biopsy, Needle↗