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PubMed1976

Muriel Driver Memorial Lecture.

The paper attempts to explore the implications of maintenance of competence for Canadian Occupational Therapists. It reviews the concepts of accountability, credentialing, peer review, self-evaluation and continuing education. Reference is made to other Health Care professions and their progress in maintenance of competence. Suggestions for some solutions are offered and a challenge is put to the educators to encourage the forthcoming graduates to recognize the need for life long learning.

Canada↗
PubMed1975

[Dyshidrosis as a pacemaker for occupational dermatoses].

Out of 335 persons of less than 25 years, 236 had an intermittent dyshidrosis; half of them showed an allergic contact eczema of the hands. Microscopical and cultural investigations revealed a foot mycosis in 24 persons, and in 13 a candidiasis of the hands. Hence, dyshidrosis is obviously not of mycotic origin. 113 out of 150 sensitized persons of this group of age were dyshidrotics; 50% of them had not yet finished their apprenticeship. Obviously, dyshidrosis favours an early sensitization in professions in which allergens are frequently encountered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[The male nurses' experiences of adaptation in clinical setting].

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identified the male nurses' encounter in adapting themselves in the hospital settings dominated by the female nurses in number. METHOD: Data were collected through the in-depth interview of 16 male nurses and analysed through the grounded theory methodology. RESULT: The behaviors of male nurses for job-adaptation can be summarized as a series of struggles to consolidate their own ground. They have made tremendous efforts to hold their own ground in the nursing profession composed of a large numbers of female nurses, while they have experienced many difficulties and problems as minorities. They have struggled to adapt themselves professionally through efforts such as; challenging the social and professional barriers, identifying the job identity, empowering themselves through self-development and dedication, expanding their influence among colleagues. In spite of these efforts, they had the perception that nursing is not a lifelong occupation for them. Thus, they had tendency to find outlets of change to occupations. CONCLUSION: A specific strategy is needed to provide an environment that is helpful for males in integrating into and adapting to the nursing profession.

English Abstract↗
PubMed2006

Educational and dermatological aspects of secondary individual prevention in healthcare workers.

Healthcare workers (HCW) have an increased risk of suffering from occupational skin diseases (OSDs). Therefore, we established special prevention and skin protection courses for HCW. Medical aims are to optimize diagnostic procedures and individual therapy, educational aims are to improve individual skin protection/skin care habits of the patient and also to influence the participants' attitudes towards health. Participants are patients that have been suspected to suffer from an OSD and are insured with the German Accident Prevention Insurance Association for Health Care Workers (BGW). Teaching units mainly focus on the texture and functioning of the skin, general aspects of OSDs, general information concerning skin protection, instructions about the correct use of skin cleansing and skin protection products. Besides, every participant is clinically examined by a dermatologist and a precise patient's history is obtained. Individually adapted skin protection strategies are developed. Patients can ask the dermatologist questions in confidence. 504 patients (mean age: 36.9 years, SD = 11.7) participated in the skin protection courses. 94.6% (n = 477) suffered from hand eczema frequently caused by a mixture of atopic, irritant and allergic contact dermatitis, but irritant contact dermatitis was the most frequent diagnosis (55.4%, n = 279). The participants rated the course as good to excellent. Health education and advisory services in occupational dermatology are still fragmentary. Prevention of OSD and maintenance of health through education are important complementary measures for dermatological care. In the future, similar educational programmes should be offered for employees of other professions with an increased risk for OSD.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Mothers in occupational therapy.

The author explores the current trend of therapists returning to work after entering motherhood. The factors both positive and negative of utilizing "Mother O.T.'s" in an Occupational Therapy Department are delineated with an emphasis on those particular contributions encountered when such an O.T. is employed. Her conclusion is a resounding endorsement for employing "Mother O.T.'s" because of their added maturity, stability and responsibility. Suggestions such as "Be flexible with vacant positions restructuring the job if necessary to accomodate part-time therapists", are offered in order to encourage such O.T.'s to return to their profession thus alleviating our manpower shortage.

Education, Professional, Retraining↗
PubMed2005

Effects of socio-demographic variables on health-related quality of life determined by the quality of life index--German version.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine subjective health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a sample of the Austrian population over 14 years of age in order to evaluate the effect of socio-demographic variables on HRQoL. DESIGN/SETTING: HRQoL was determined by means of the quality of life index-German version (QLI-Ge). The influence of socio-demographic variables on HRQoL was assessed by statistical analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis test and an analysis of variance. PARTICIPANTS: A random-quota procedure was used to get balanced representation from regions and demographic groups of the Austrian population. The sample consisted of 1049 participants, 493 men and 556 women. MAIN RESULTS: Age was found to influence the QLI-Ge total score (index score) and most individual items, with increasing age resulting in a decrease in HRQoL. Differences between the sexes were observed in three dimensions: males scored higher in 'physical well-being', 'psychological well-being' and 'occupational functioning'. Marital status impacted most items with married persons showing better values than divorced persons or singles. Profession had only a minor effect on HRQoL, the level of education showed no influence at all. CONCLUSIONS: The socio-demographic variables age, sex and objective living conditions had a major influence on subjectively rated HRQoL, whereas profession and education were found to play a minor role in this context. It is recommended that in the interpretation of studies assessing HRQoL the above-mentioned objective factors be considered. This will be of particular importance when determining the effect of a pharmacotherapy on HRQoL in patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Postural stress in geriatric nursing.

An assessment has been made of the static and dynamic forces and postures involved in the nursing day using direct observations and an assessment of truncal stress by means of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). Subjects were nurses working in the specialty of geriatric nursing in four health regions. Levels of postural activity with regard to stooping, standing, walking and sitting accounted for 98% of the total shift time. Stooping activity was observed at a level of 22% overall which, from the literature, would suggest an increased risk for back pain. Of further concern was the uneven distribution of postural stress with respect to the component hours within shifts. Comparisons of IAP data with other studies indicate that the subjects examined in this study are neither within the 'low' nor 'high' back pain risk categories. This finding, however, should be taken in the context of the high levels of static postural stress reported and the possible cumulative and interactive effects of static and dynamic load. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of the work system as a whole and attention is drawn to recent recommendations with respect to the prevention of back pain within the nursing profession.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1986

Facts about gonorrhea and dentistry.

This article reviews gonorrhea and discusses various misconceptions that have appeared in the dental literature and in verbal presentations about gonorrhea and dentistry. Facts are presented and some conclusions are offered for the dental profession.

Dentists↗
PubMed1997

The communication atmosphere between physician colleagues: competitive perfectionism or supportive dialogue? A Norwegian study.

Open and supportive communication is probably one of the most important promotors of learning, coping and satisfaction at the workplace. The aim of this paper is to describe and predict the communication atmosphere between Norwegian physicians. Twenty statements describing communication, as perceived by the physicians themselves, were presented to a random sample of the members of the Norwegian Medical Association of which more than 90% of the physicians in the country are members (N = 2628). In general, this investigation indicates that the communication atmosphere among Norwegian physicians is characterised by support and mutual respect. More than half of the respondents fully agreed that communication between colleagues in the workplace is marked by solidarity, and that experienced colleagues show respect for the less experienced in both personal and professional matters. Physicians working in hospitals described the communication atmosphere as substantially more selfish and competitive than non-hospital physicians, whilst general practitioners considered the atmosphere between colleagues to be more supportive than non-specialists. In addition, high perceived stress was associated with the perception of a less supportive atmosphere. However, the strongest predictor of the communication atmosphere was clearly the physician's perceived autonomy. The comprehensive retrenchment programmes implemented in Norwegian hospitals during recent years have increased stress and restricted professional autonomy among both physicians and other occupational groups. Our findings indicate that the communication atmosphere necessary to secure continuity of knowledge within the medical profession may have been jeopardised by this process. In the long term, this may prove hazardous to the quality of medical care.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Specific immunotherapy in inhalative allergy to rat epithelium].

BACKGROUND: The only causal treatment that can be offered to allergic patients apart from allergen avoidance is specific immunotherapy. Its efficacy depends on the specific allergen the patient is allergic to, the quality of the extract, the total amount of allergen administered to the patient and the administration schedule. METHODS AND PATIENT: Our patient suffered from inhalative allergy to rat epithelium with severe rhinoconjunctivitis and bronchial asthma. She regularly worked with laboratory rats as a biologist. A job-shift was impossible for the patient, and so was allergen avoidance. We therefore decided to treat the patient with specific immunotherapy. Treatment was performed as in-patient procedure with Rush-Immunotherapy in dosage increase phase. Maintenance injections were administered as out-patient. RESULTS: As early as some months after induction of the therapy, the patient felt subjective symptom relief, blood samples taken revealed decrease of total IgE and specific IgE towards rat epithelium. Therapy was continued for 18 months, specific IgE against rat epithelium could not be detected any more. The patient does not claim any allergy symptoms when working in the rat laboratory any more. CONCLUSIONS: Even in unusual allergies, specific immunotherapy can be indicated. In our patient, specific immunotherapy to rat epithelium lead to complete symptom relief and enabled the patient to practise her profession without restraints.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Hepatitis B virus infections among Danish surgeons.

Acute viral hepatitis B is considered to be an occupational risk to health-care workers worldwide. At the 1977 annual meeting of the Danish Society of Surgeons, 224 participants were examined for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HGsAg) and antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) with use of a radioimmunoassay. None of the surgeons was HBsAg-positive, but 23% had anti-HBs. The prevalence of anti-HBs was five times higher among these surgeons than that in an age-matched control population. Hepatitis acquired during occupation as a surgeon was predominantly of type B, in contrast to hepatitis acquired before entering the surgical profession. Danish surgeons must be regarded as a group at high risk of hepatitis B infection.

Adult↗