[A project for small and healthy families].
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Asia↗
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Results for “Nutrition Programs”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
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Improving the delivery of prenatal care and outcomes of pregnancy: a randomized trial of nurse home visitation.
We evaluated a comprehensive program of prenatal and postpartum nurse home visitation. The program was designed to prevent a wide range of health and developmental problems in children born to primiparous women who were either teenagers, unmarried, or of low socioeconomic status. During pregnancy, women who were visited by nurses, compared with women randomly assigned to comparison groups, became aware of more community services; attended childbirth classes more frequently; made more extensive use of the nutritional supplementation program for women, infants, and children; made greater dietary improvements; reported that their babies' fathers became more interested in their pregnancies; were accompanied to the hospital by a support person during labor more frequently; reported talking more frequently to family members, friends, and service providers about their pregnancies and personal problems; and had fewer kidney infections. Positive effects of the program on birth weight and length of gestation were present for the offspring of young adolescents (less than 17 years of age) and smokers. In contrast to their comparison-group counterparts, young adolescents who were visited by nurses gave birth to newborns who were an average of 395 g heavier, and women who smoked and were visited by nurses exhibited a 75% reduction in the incidence of preterm delivery. (P less than or equal to .05 for all findings.)
Birth Weight↗
Nutrition labeling statement. The Board of the National Nutrition Consortium.
The National Nutrition Consortium Board commends the FDA for its efforts to provide nutrition information to the consumer. We emphasize the necessity of supporting this system with a comprehensive nutrition education program. The system should lend itself to providing as much information as is possible about the total food supply. Changes in the current system must be based on well-designed and carefully analyzed consumer research data.
Food Labeling↗
Philosophy of medicine in the United Kingdom.
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Abortion, Induced↗
The effect of family planning participation on prenatal care use and low birth weight.
Data on approximately 45,000 North Carolina women who gave birth in 1989 and 1990 and received prenatal care in public health facilities were studied to assess the effects in a low-income population of prior family planning services on low birth weight and adequacy of prenatal care. Women who had used family planning services in the two years before conception were significantly more likely than those who had not used such services to have a birth-to-conception interval of greater than six months. They were also more likely to receive early and adequate prenatal care and to be involved in a food supplement program and maternity care coordination. In addition, the family planning participants were less likely than the nonparticipants to be younger than 18 and were somewhat less likely to deliver a low-birth-weight infant. Though the results of this retrospective study must be interpreted with caution because of such factors as self-selection into family planning programs, they suggest that family planning services may improve birth weight and use of prenatal health services among low-income women.
Adolescent↗
Assessment of knowledge and skills about growth monitoring amongst multipurpose workers in an ICDS project.
Knowledge and skills amongst 34 multipurpose workers working in an ICDS project about growth monitoring was assessed using interview technique. All workers had correct knowledge about rationale of growth monitoring. A total of 73.5% and 94.1% had knowledge that flattened growth curve indicates no weight gain and descending growth indicates decrease in weight, respectively.
Body Weight↗
Traditional food systems research with Canadian Indigenous Peoples.
Traditional food systems research with Canadian Indigenous Peoples has revealed many aspects of benefits and risks of the use of this food. Traditions based in hunting, fishing and gathering contain a great variety of species of wildlife plants and animals that provide rich cultural and nutritional benefits. Dietary change for Indigenous Peoples in Canada has resulted in the use of traditional food to provide usually less than 30% of total dietary energy; however this portion of the total diet contributes significantly more of essential nutrients. It also results in exposure to organochlorine and heavy metal contaminants that exceed the tolerable intake levels for some areas. A successful research and education intervention program with one British Columbia community demonstrated that increasing traditional food use can improve health status for vitamin A, iron and folic acid. It is concluded that traditional food systems are rich with potential for research and public health education intervention programs for Indigenous Peoples.
Canada↗
WHAT IS PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION?
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Education↗
Federally-supported human nutrition research, training, and education: update for the 1980s. I. Human nutrition research and training. Prepared by the Joint Subcommittee on Human Nutrition Research of the Committee on Health and Medicine and the Committee on Food and Renewable Resources. Federal Coordinating Council on Science, Engineering, and Technology. Office of Science and Technology Policy. Executive Office of the President.
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Adult↗
Sociodemographic factors and life-styles affecting micronutrient status in an apparently healthy elderly Japanese population.
To define the effects of sociodemographic factors and life-styles on intakes and biochemical measures of iron, thiamine, riboflavin and ascorbic acid in healthy elderly Japanese, a survey was conducted on 190 subjects aged 65 to 80 years. Results of multivariate analyses of the data indicated that, independent of the other factors, smoking was significantly and negatively associated with ascorbic acid status and its intake (expressed as its concentration per unit of energy in diets). After controlling for the other factors, participation in a nutrition education program in the past was significantly and positively associated with intakes of thiamine, riboflavin and ascorbic acid. Biochemical measures of these three vitamins were also significantly better in the participants.
Aged↗
Microbiological investigation and nutritional evaluation of selected fast food meat.
The study was designed into two parts: the first part was to determine individual attitudes and beliefs toward fast food in general. One hundred individuals (15-45 yrs old) were involved in this study (50 males and 50 females). The second part of the study was carried out to evaluate microbiological contamination and nutritive value of the selected fast food meat (Hardee's fried burger, Saudi-American burger, kentucky fried chicken, Al-Baik broast chicken and shawerma beef). The results indicated that individuals 25-45 yrs. old were the most fast food consumers. The main reason behind increasing individual's preferences toward fast food was found to be for fun and inspiration. Among individuals under study 46% of males and 20% of females purchased fast food more than 4 times per week. Prevalence of overweight and obesity respectively were 38% and 22% among males and 34% and 14% among females. Bacillus cereus and E. coli were detected in a number of less than 10/g in all the selected fast food meat. The number of coliforms detected in Hardee's burger and Saudi-American burger were 10/g, while less than 10/g were detected in the remaining fast food meat. However, the number of Staph. aureus detected in Hardee's burger and Saudi-American burger was 20/g and 10/g respectively. On a per 100 g basis, energy (Kcal), protein (g), fat (g) and sodium (mg) content were found in the range of 179.62-295.29, 13.05-26.06, 8.9-21.13 and 640-920 respectively. Sodium content of all the selected fast food meat exceeded the recommended daily adequate intake for adults (males and females). The observations of the present study indicated the need for a nutrition education program to correct consumers' attitudes and beliefs towards fast food and to provide information on how a given menu item contributes to their dietary goal.
Adolescent↗
Glucose in parenteral nutrition: a survey of U.S. medical centers.
BACKGROUND: A previous report suggested that glucose administration in total parenteral nutrition (TPN) should not exceed 4 mg/kg/min with a respiratory quotient (RQ) >1.0. This rate would not be exceeded, in most patients, with a TPN glucose concentration of 15%. Our previous survey of hospitals, 7 years ago, of TPN composition revealed use of excessive glucose. Our purpose was to reevaluate glucose usage in TPN. METHODS: A subset of data from 45 hospitals participating in Novation's Medication Use Evaluation program, "Parenteral Nutrition for Adults and Neonates" study, was analyzed to document glucose administration in TPN. RESULTS: Data of 629 adult patients from 44 hospitals receiving TPN were analyzed. Of these, 30 hospitals with 478 patients had 100 patients (15.9% of the total) with TPN glucose infusion rates >4 mg/kg/min, whereas 27 hospitals, or 61%, had average TPN glucose concentrations above 15%. This could be associated with an RQ >1.0, implying increased net lipogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of hospitals surveyed were found, as in a previous survey, to be using amounts of glucose in TPN which would be expected to be associated with an RQ >1.0, implying increased net lipogenesis.
Academic Medical Centers↗
The Nepal National Vitamin A Program: prototype to emulate or donor enclave?
More than 250 million of the world's children suffer from vitamin A deficiency. Nepal is one of 60 countries in which this deficiency constitutes a significant public health problem. Each year in Nepal, vitamin A deficiency is responsible for the deaths of 9000 children and for 2500 children becoming permanently blind. The Nepal National Vitamin A Program (NVAP) was begun in 1993 in eight of the country's 75 districts. By the end of 1997, the programme covered 32 districts, and by 2003 its coverage will be nationwide. The Nepal NVAP is considered by many to be a highly successful, model programme. It consists primarily of distributing high-dose vitamin A capsules to all children 6 to 60 months of age during twice-yearly campaigns. The capsule distribution is carried out by a previously existing network of Female Community Health Volunteers (FCHVs) that has been reinvigorated by the highly visible and universally acclaimed success of the NVAP. An important strategy of the programme has been the empowerment of the FCHVs, which has been accomplished by organizing, training and motivating community workers and other representatives from education, agriculture and other sectors, as well as political representatives, to support the FCHVs. The annual cost of the NVAP is US$1.7 million. It costs $1.25 to deliver two vitamin A capsules to each participant. The cost per averted death is $327. The NVAP reduces the incidence and severity of diarrhoeal disease and measles, which in turn reduces the need for Ministry of Health services, thereby annually saving the Government of Nepal $1.5 million. Factoring in these cost savings, the net annual cost of the current NVAP is $167,000, and the net annual cost of the permanent, nationwide programme is estimated at $1.1 million. The NVAP is a highly cost-effective programme. The article concludes with a discussion of the sustainability and replicability of the programme.
Blindness↗
2-year tracking of children's fruit and vegetable intake.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the tracking of children's fruit and vegetable intake over 2 years. DESIGN: Children in the control group from the Gimme 5 nutrition education intervention trial completed three 7-day food diaries once a year in 1994, 1995, and 1996, beginning when they were in third grade. SUBJECTS: Five hundred sixty-one students from public elementary schools. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Tracking was examined through correlation of fruit and vegetable servings over the 2 years as well as the percent of subjects remaining in the same or adjacent quintiles of fruit and vegetable intake, using the kappa statistic. RESULTS: Tracking of fruit and vegetable intake was fair to moderate over the 2 years. One-year correlations for total fruit and vegetable servings were .37 for boys and .46 for girls; 2-year correlations were .48 for boys and .40 for girls. kappa values for remaining in the same quintile generally exceeded chance rates only for the top and bottom quintiles. No values exceeded .50. APPLICATION/CONCLUSION: The drift in ranking may have been a result of true changes in fruit and vegetable intake or measurement error (i.e., inability to accurately assess actual intake). If this drift reflects true change, it may be difficult for nutrition education programs targeting this age group to demonstrate long-term behavioral effects on fruit and vegetable intake. If the drift is the result of measurement limitations, improved dietary assessment may yield stronger tracking.
Child↗
Ko'olauloa: Hawai'i's North Shore nurse practitioner based clinics (Kahaluu'u, Hau'ula, Haleiwa, Punalu'u).
Nurse practitioner-based/Traditional Hawaiian Lomi-Lomi clinics were funded with grant money and matching funds to provide medical services to uninsured Native Hawaiians. The clinics proved to be successful through the outreach efforts of local outreach workers, satisfaction with Lomi-Lomi (Hawaiian massage with a spiritual component), and the primary and preventive services of nurse practitioners. Western medicine and Lomi-Lomi are practiced in the same clinic setting cooperatively. Nurse practitioners refer to other community-based programs for nutrition education and weight control and to physicians as needed. Nurse practitioners must be aware of administration and fiscal issues to maintain such nontraditional clinics and services.
Community Health Centers↗
The BRAVO project: screening for childhood obesity in a primary school setting.
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing worldwide, raising a number of public health concerns. First, childhood obesity is a strong predictor of adult obesity; second, the low long term success rate and the high social cost of the treatment of obesity suggest that attention should be paid to the prevention of obesity early in childhood. The objective of the present study was to evaluate dietary habits and anthropometric factors in a sample of schoolchildren aged 6-12 years living in Southern Italy in the framework of an ongoing prospective study aimed at childhood obesity prevention. METHODS AND RESULTS: The BRAVO Project is carried out in co-operation with the school staff and is a part of an educational program on nutrition for the schoolchildren and their families. During the first phase of the study, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was evaluated in 363 children adopting the criteria for definition of childhood obesity recently proposed by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). The main result of this study was that in our cohort an exceedingly high risk of becoming overweight in adult age was observed for any one-year age class. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study confirmed the trend toward an increasing prevalence of childhood obesity observed in other Western countries. Moreover, out data--though preliminary--suggest that the large scale involvement of primary school in screening programs could represent an effective preventive strategy against the increased risk of childhood obesity.
Anthropometry↗
[Impacts of the 10 Steps to Healthy Feeding in Infants: a randomized field trial].
This study assesses the impact of an intervention known as the Ten Steps to Healthy Feeding: A Nutritional Guide for Children under Two on nutritional conditions and infant health in low-income families. Two hundred newborns were randomized to the intervention group and three hundred to the control group. Parents of the intervention group received nutritional orientation during the child's first year of life. Both groups received visits at 6 and 12 months and routine follow-up by their pediatricians. The results (n = 397) showed that the intervention was associated with a higher proportion of exclusive breastfeeding at 4 months (RR = 1.58; 95%CI: 1.21-2.06) and 6 months (RR = 2.34; 95%CI: 1.37-3.99) and breastfeeding at 12 months (RR = 1.26; 95%CI: 1.02-1.55) and a lower proportion of children with diarrhea (RR = 0.68; 95%CI: 0.51-0.90), respiratory problems (RR = 0.63; 95%CI: 0.46-0.85), use of medication (RR = 0.56; 95%CI: 0.34-0.91), and dental caries (RR = 0.56; 95%CI: 0.32-0.96) in the 12-16 month bracket. The intervention had no effect on the occurrence of anemia, hospitalization, or nutritional status. The results suggest that the nutritional orientation program led to positive changes in infant feeding practices and health conditions, but that it was insufficient to prevent iron deficiency anemia.
Adult↗
Clinical nutrition: inadequate teaching in medical schools.
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The teaching of Clinical Nutrition (CN) is frequently neglected in Medical Schools, though many official institutions strongly recommend its incorporation in their curricula. This work aimed to assess CN knowledge among final-year medical students and final-year dietology diploma students. METHODS AND RESULTS: We compared the performances of final-year Medical School students who did and who did not take the CN course and final-year dietology students in a computer-based multiple choice question examination related to core CN competencies that primary-care physicians and dieticians should know and be able to put into practice. The medical students who did not take the CN course correctly answered significantly fewer questions compared with those who did and the dietology students (both p < 0.001). There was also a difference in the percentages of who passed the test: students who did not take the course: those 18%; those who did: 77%; dietology students: 76% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There are numerous barriers to the incorporation of nutrition in Medical School curricula. The medical school students may have achieved poorer results because dietology students followed nutrition education programs later in their curriculum. Our Medical School has therefore included CN education as part of its internal medicine course since 1998.
Adult↗