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PubMed2006

A motion capture library for the study of identity, gender, and emotion perception from biological motion.

We present the methods that were used in capturing a library of human movements for use in computer-animated displays of human movement. The library is an attempt to systematically tap into and represent the wide range of personal properties, such as identity, gender, and emotion, that are available in a person's movements. The movements from a total of 30 nonprofessional actors (15 of them female) were captured while they performed walking, knocking, lifting, and throwing actions, as well as their combination in angry, happy, neutral, and sad affective styles. From the raw motion capture data, a library of 4,080 movements was obtained, using techniques based on Character Studio (plug-ins for 3D Studio MAX, AutoDesk, Inc.), MATLAB The MathWorks, Inc.), or a combination of these two. For the knocking, lifting, and throwing actions, 10 repetitions of the simple action unit were obtained for each affect, and for the other actions, two longer movement recordings were obtained for each affect. We discuss the potential use of the library for computational and behavioral analyses of movement variability, of human character animation, and of how gender, emotion, and identity are encoded and decoded from human movement.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Research application: teaching staff nurses to use library search strategies.

Journal reading is a major mechanism for disseminating research but much goes unread by practicing nurses. A survey revealed the 10 most frequently read journals are primarily of a clinical/technical nature. To encourage reading of research, we organized a series of library sessions to familiarize nurses with the library and modern search strategies. Over half of the 77 nurse participants indicated they had not visited the library in six months and were less than confident in their library skills. Hands-on experiences, including computerized literature search, gave nurses an opportunity to learn techniques for locating research articles.

Education, Nursing, Continuing↗
PubMed2002

Immunogenically fit subunit vaccine components via epitope discovery from natural peptide libraries.

Antigenic peptides that bind pathogen-specific Abs are a potential source of subunit vaccine components. To be effective the peptides must be immunogenically fit: when used as immunogens they must elicit Abs that cross-react with native intact pathogen. In this study, antigenic peptides obtained from phage display libraries through epitope discovery were systematically examined for immunogenic fitness. Peptides selected from random peptide libraries, in which the phage-displayed peptides are encoded by synthetic degenerate oligonucleotides, had marginal immunogenic fitness. In contrast, 50% of the peptides selected from a natural peptide library, in which phage display segments of actual pathogen polypeptides, proved very successful. Epitope discovery from natural peptide libraries is a promising route to subunit vaccines.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2003

Immunoresponse of Coho salmon immunized with a gene expression library from Piscirickettsia salmonis.

We have used the expression library immunization technology to study the protection of Coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch to the infection with Piscirickettsia salmonis. Purified DNA from this bacterium was sonicated and the fragments were cloned in the expression vector pCMV-Bios. Two libraries were obtained containing 22,000 and 28,000 colonies and corresponding to approximately 8 and 10 times the genome of the pathogen, respectively. On average, the size of the inserts ranged between 300 and 1,000 bp. The plasmid DNA isolated from one of these libraries was purified and 20 micrograms were injected intramuscularly into 60 fish followed by a second dose of 10 micrograms applied 40 days later. As control, fish were injected with the same amount of DNA of the vector pCMV-Bios without insert. The titer of IgM anti-P. salmonis of vaccinated fish, evaluated 60 days post-injection, was significantly higher than that of the control group injected with the vector alone. Moreover, this response was specific against P. salmonis antigens, since no cross reaction was detected with Renibacterium salmoninarum and Yersinia ruckeri. The vaccinated and control fish were challenged 60 days after the second dose of DNA with 2.5 x 10(7) P. salmonis corresponding to 7.5 times the LD50. At 30 days post-challenge, 100% mortality was obtained with the control fish while 20% of the vaccinated animals survived. All surviving fish exhibited a lower bacterial load in the kidney than control fish. The expression library was also tested in Balb/c mice and it was found that the humoral immune response was specific to P. salmonis and it was dependent on the amount of DNA injected.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Usefulness of a patient library in a suburban general practice.

OBJECTIVES: To provide health information by means of a patient library in an Australian general practice, and to examine the effects of such information on patient knowledge, anxiety and behaviour. DESIGN: Questionnaire survey of patients who borrowed library items and of doctors within the practice. SETTING: A five-doctor suburban practice serving approximately 7000 patients. RESULTS: 210 items were purchased and made available for loan over the two years of the study; 164 questionnaires were obtained after 229 borrowings in the first 15 months. Patients who borrowed items were mostly women (88%) and a high proportion of borrowers (47%) felt that the doctors' surgery was their main source of health information. 98% felt that borrowing an item had been "useful" or "very useful", 88% felt that it had increased their knowledge, 48% felt it had decreased their anxiety, and 79% felt it had changed their behaviour. The doctors were generally positive about the library. CONCLUSIONS: The practice library was a very useful addition to the surgery services and provided a valuable clinical tool for the doctors.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1996

Nursing libraries: a survey of nurses' access to facilities.

Nurses are increasingly in need of access to nursing libraries following changes to nurse education, increasing emphasis on the use of research to support practice, and the UKCC Post-Registration Education and Practice (PREP) requirements. A survey was, therefore, carried out among 255 libraries to determine whether nurses had sufficient access to nursing libraries. Eighty per cent of libraries said nursing were not denied access but only a third of university sites allowed full access and borrowing facilities. Implications of the findings are discussed.

Hospitals↗
PubMed1997

Promoting library services to qualified nurses: towards a market-led approach.

This article summarizes a research project carried out with the nursing staff of South Buckinghamshire NHS Trust. A 'community profile' looked at nurses' use of library and information services for patient care purposes and found that only a small portion of all categories of qualified staff were library users. A postal questionnaire was used to investigate why nurses sought information, what they used it for, where they obtained it from and how valuable they perceived it to be. The results shown that personal and departmental collections were used quite frequently and the information was widely disseminated by the nurses to patients and their families, to colleagues and to students. The overall message from the survey was that the information obtained is valued highly and is used for various important purposes in health care delivery, such as educating patients and their families and revising treatment plans. However, nurses have difficulty in accessing libraries, which are judged to contain the most accurate, reliable and up-to-date information. The data from the community profile and questionnaire were further analysed using soft systems methodology, in order to identify problems in the traditional model of information delivery to nurses via conventional library and information service. These were then investigated further and a series of recommendations for action drawn up.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1997

Library and information services to support the education and development of nurses: the management of co-operation and change--a clash of two cultures?

This paper reports on the findings of research conducted by the Department of Information and Library Management and the Information Services Department at the University of Northumbria at Newcastle on behalf of the LINC Health Panel. It aims to investigate the organization and funding of library and information services to the nursing profession since the move of nurse education into higher education. The paper focuses on the lack of co-operation and communication between the National Health Service and higher education cultures in the provision of services to nurses. A brief review of the literature includes the views of experts in the field on library and information services and education for nurses as they are now, and ideas for possible developments for the future. This is followed by a description of the main research findings and the five key issues identified by information professionals in a questionnaire survey as vital for future consideration and action. Finally, the conclusions drawn from the findings have been developed into recommendations for the direction of the future discussion, research and action which is needed to further improve library and information services for all nurses.

Education, Nursing, Continuing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The human side of design: creating a new film library.

The use of continuous quality improvement may keep your film library processes running smoothly, but your staff may still struggle daily with its inadequate design. As the experts who work and live within the design, staff members deserve to play an active role in its improvement. When plans for a construction project that would include a larger film storage area were approved at Tampa General Healthcare, the administrative manager of the film library studied the first generation of blueprints. Encouraged to speak to the designer about her ideas, she presented sketches she had traced over blueprints to relocate the office entrance. Her design suggestions were welcomed. With the film library supervisors now wanting to involve staff members, the administrative manager created a wish list survey asking staff about positive and negative aspects of their work space, and for their suggestions on improving it, if given the chance. They responded with ideas for more soundproofing, better lighting and better storage space. Others recommended better ergonomic design for keyboard height, drawers and even the height of the sliding-glass window in the reception area. These suggestions did not account for the process delays the library experienced, however. Spending time in each of four work areas, the administrative manager found wasted movement, crowding of staff, film and equipment, and inadequate storage. This was the right time for change, she felt, an opportunity that shouldn't slip by. Various plans were created, not only to isolate office workers from noise and traffic, but to include items from the wish list. When it was time for the specifications, staff feedback became critical. The administrative manager consulted with staff members on various shifts and worked with staff ideas and sketches. The time the designer spent visiting the many work areas was critical to finalizing plans. The construction phase came next, after careful planning for carrying out work during the interim, a difficult period. A year later, the administrative manager recommends employee involvement in such projects.

Ergonomics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Managing the film library: what to do until the panacea arrives.

Today's imaging departments are complex and often decentralized. Despite such growth, the film library is often overlooked and minimally planned for. The oversight may come from the anticipation of picture archiving and communications systems (PACS), considered by many to be the panacea for film management, but in reality, still only a concept, or at best, in its early stages. Since most departments do not anticipate going filmless for many years and others expect to continue hard copy imaging at a 20 to 30 percent rate, managing the film library remains an important issue. In general, film librarians' daily work remains labor intensive, despite attempts to automate some tasks. Yet when cutbacks are made, this support staff is often cut. One way to deal with service and expansion issues in the film library is to stop and evaluate the situation, assess the decline in the level of service, and determine what issues need improvement. Managers should gather information, analyze the data and listen to all interested parties to be sure they understand the overall problems, often best done by someone from outside the department. Analyzing and evaluating work processes, even observing the design of work areas, can be useful in understanding productivity inside the department. An invaluable way to gather data is to listen to those who carry out the daily tasks and those who use the services. Until their needs are understood by management, further changes will have minimal success. When a list of issues is assembled, managers should establish a team to review and prioritize them. Team members will need to understand departmental long-term plans before making recommendations. While every library's operations are unique, a key problem remains lost films. Policies and procedures for removing films must come from hospital senior administration, while managing film within the department is everyone's job. With the chaos under control, managers will be ready to face the challenge of electronic imaging.

Efficiency, Organizational↗
PubMed1999

The comparative importance of books: clinical psychology in the health sciences library.

Clinical psychology has received little attention as a subject in health sciences library collections. This study seeks to demonstrate the relative importance of the monographic literature to clinical psychology through the examination of citations in graduate student theses and dissertations at the Fordham Health Sciences Library, Wright State University. Dissertations and theses were sampled randomly; citations were classified by format, counted, and subjected to statistical analysis. Books and book chapters together account for 35% of the citations in clinical psychology dissertations, 25% in nursing theses, and 8% in biomedical sciences theses and dissertations. Analysis of variance indicates that the citations in dissertations and theses in the three areas differ significantly (F = 162.2 with 2 and 253 degrees of freedom, P = 0.0001). Dissertations and theses in biomedical sciences and nursing theses both cite significantly more journals per book than the dissertations in clinical psychology. These results support the hypothesis that users of clinical psychology literature rely more heavily on books than many other users of a health sciences library. Problems with using citation analyses in a single subject to determine a serials to monographs ratio for a health sciences library are pointed out.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗
PubMed1984

Mental health resources library: a consumer guide to the literature.

The influx of consumer literature about schizophrenia and other mental disorders has inspired the establishment of a Mental Health Resources Library at a psychiatric hospital. Used by patients, their families and friends, and hospital staff, it is an educative resource to understand and cope better with mental illness and its treatment, human development issues, and concerns of daily living. In describing the Mental Health Resources Library, this paper provides a background of its funding and organization, reactions of the library users, and future directions for expansion and utilization. An annotated list of volumes in the library is included.

Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMed1999

Phage displayed peptide libraries.

Peptide libraries may be constructed by grafting, in vitro, random DNA sequences into a carrier gene and then introducing the degenerate hybrid coding sequence into an expression organism. This review will focus on phage display, which was the first expression organism for peptide library expression to be described and which still maintains predominance in this area because of its simplicity, minimal cost, ease of manipulation, power and robustness. Using phage as the host, a repertoire of random peptides can be expressed that may be searched by a variety of screening or selection procedures. By physically associating each element of the peptide library with its coding sequence, selection for a property of a specific peptide results in the enrichment of the corresponding gene thus facilitating its cloning and amplification. This review focuses on the construction and screening of peptide libraries displayed on filamentous phage capsid and only briefly discusses the display of proteins and protein domains.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Combinatorial libraries by portioning and mixing.

Combinatorial chemistry--due to its radically new synthetic methods--can be considered a forerunner of chemistry in the next century. One of the most important methods is the portioning-mixing (split-mix) synthesis which embodies the combinatorial principle. It is easily realized. Both manual and automatic devices have been described. Some features that contribute to its popularity include: it produces all possible structural combinations of the monomers, it has outstanding productivity, it leads to the formation of individual compounds in nearly equimolar quantities (affected by statistics and incomplete reactions), and it can be applied to all classes of organic compounds. Since an enormously large number of compounds can be produced in principle in a relatively short time, some practical considerations are discussed that can be useful in library design. Encoding organic libraries by peptide or nucleotide sequences or with binary tags are also described together with methods for tagging macroscopic support units with electronic chips, two dimensional bar codes or colored resin and capsule caps. Among the deconvolution strategies, the iteration method, positional scanning, omission libraries, the Selectide and the Pharmacopeia methods are mentioned. A collection of libraries prepared by portioning-mixing is also included in graphical format.

Organic Chemicals↗
PubMed1999

Medical faculty use of the journal literature, publishing productivity and the size of health sciences library journal collections.

OBJECTIVES: This 1990-1991 study explored the relationship between the size of health sciences library journal collections and the number of different journals cited by medical school faculty in departments of biochemistry and medicine. METHODS: Two regression equations, including variables associated with a national stratified sample of 622 faculty who published articles during those two years, were used to explore factors correlated with variations in faculty use of the journal literature and faculty publishing productivity. RESULTS: Results suggest that, after controlling for other variables in the models, neither the number of different journals those faculty cited, nor the number of articles they published, had statistically significant correlations with the number of journals in the health sciences library collection. CONCLUSION: The traditional view that the size of an academic health sciences library's journal collection is a good measure of how well that library is positioned to support faculty research may not be entirely accurate.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed2000

A deep-coverage tomato BAC library and prospects toward development of an STC framework for genome sequencing.

Recently a new strategy using BAC end sequences as sequence-tagged connectors (STCs) was proposed for whole-genome sequencing projects. In this study, we present the construction and detailed characterization of a 15.0 haploid genome equivalent BAC library for the cultivated tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Heinz 1706. The library contains 129,024 clones with an average insert size of 117.5 kb and a chloroplast content of 1.11%. BAC end sequences from 1490 ends were generated and analyzed as a preliminary evaluation for using this library to develop an STC framework to sequence the tomato genome. A total of 1205 BAC end sequences (80.9%) were obtained, with an average length of 360 high-quality bases, and were searched against the GenBank database. Using a cutoff expectation value of <10(-6), and combining the results from BLASTN, BLASTX, and TBLASTX searches, 24.3% of the BAC end sequences were similar to known sequences, of which almost half (48.7%) share sequence similarities to retrotransposons and 7% to known genes. Some of the transposable element sequences were the first reported in tomato, such as sequences similar to maize transposon Activator (Ac) ORF and tobacco pararetrovirus-like sequences. Interestingly, there were no BAC end sequences similar to the highly repeated TGRI and TGRII elements. However, the majority (70.3%) of STCs did not share significant sequence similarities to any sequences in GenBank at either the DNA or predicted protein levels, indicating that a large portion of the tomato genome is still unknown. Our data demonstrate that this BAC library is suitable for developing an STC database to sequence the tomato genome. The advantages of developing an STC framework for whole-genome sequencing of tomato are discussed.

Chromosomes, Bacterial↗
PubMed1999

Construction and characterization of a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library for the A genome of wheat.

A genomic bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of the A genome of wheat has been constructed. Triticum monococcum accession DV92 was selected for this purpose because it is a cultivated diploid wheat and one of the parental lines used in the construction of a saturated genetic map. Leaves from this accession were used to isolate high-molecular-weight DNA from nuclei. This DNA was partially digested with restriction enzyme Hind III, subjected to double size selection, electroeluted and cloned into the pINDIGO451 BAC vector. The library consists of 276,480 clones with an average insert size of 115 kb. Excluding the 1.33% of empty clones and 0.14% of clones with chloroplast DNA, the coverage of this library is 5.6 genome equivalents. With this genome coverage the probability of having any DNA sequence represented in this library is higher than 99.6%. Clones were sorted in 720,384-well plates and blotted onto 15 high-density filters. High-density filters were screened with several single or low-copy clones and five positive BAC clones were selected for further analysis. Since most of the T. monococcum BAC ends included repetitive sequences, a modification was introduced into the classical end-isolation procedure to select low copy sequences for chromosome walking.

Chromosomes, Bacterial↗
PubMed2000

A binary vector-based large insert library for Brassica napus and identification of clones linked to a fertility restorer locus for Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS).

We constructed and characterized a large DNA insert library for Brassica napus that would facilitate genome-related research and map-based cloning efforts in Brassica species. This library, consisting of 92,160 clones arrayed in 384-well microtiter dishes, was based on a conventional plant transformation vector (binary vector), and was constructed using a single ligation with transformation efficiency of over 5000 recombinants per microliter of ligation mixture. Every clone in this library contains an insert in the size range of 30-190 kb, facilitating both chromosome walking and plant transformation. Screening this library with three DNA markers (C2, F10, and CabR) that are linked to a fertility restorer locus for Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) identified at least 17 positive clones for each probe. Among the 17 positive clones identified by C2, nine are linked to the restorer locus. Marker F10 identified 21 clones, of which only two are linked to the restorer locus. None of 68 clones identified by CabR is linked to the restorer locus. A stability test using two clones identified by the C2 marker indicated that large DNA inserts are stable in this conventional vector in both Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens↗