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Results for “Lactose Intolerance”

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At least 1,693 records · Page 94Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Faecal hydrogen production in vitro as an indicator for in vivo hydrogen producing capability in the breath hydrogen test.

In the assessment of carbohydrate malabsorption, it is important to determine if a flat breath hydrogen test is a false negative result. Currently, the only reliable way to do this is with a lactulose test. We determined the reliability of assessing faecal hydrogen production as an indicator of an adequate in vivo hydrogen producing colonic bacterial flora. Unfortunately, the results clearly show that the incidence of falsely positive and negative faecal hydrogen production, when compared with in vivo lactulose testing, is so high that the simple faeces screening test is unsuitable for routine use. Until a simpler alternative is found, centres using the breath hydrogen test to determine carbohydrate malabsorption must continue to rely on lactulose breath testing when it is necessary to exclude potential false negative results.

Breath Tests↗
PubMed1988

A prospective study of cow's milk allergy in exclusively breast-fed infants. Incidence, pathogenetic role of early inadvertent exposure to cow's milk formula, and characterization of bovine milk protein in human milk.

A cohort of 1,749 newborns in the municipality of Odense were followed prospectively for the development of cow's milk allergy (CMA) during their first year of life. Altogether 39 fulfilled the criteria for CMA (2.2%). Out of the 39 infants, 17 developed symptoms of CMA during breast-feeding, in all cases before the age of 3 months. Nine of these were solely breast-fed at the time of diagnosis, giving a one year incidence of CMA in exclusively breast-fed infants of 0.5% (9/1,749) in a study population with a frequency of exclusive breast-feeding of 52% at 3 months of age. None of the infants had signs of CMA in the neonatal period. Review of records from the newborn nursery revealed that all 9 infants had been exposed to cow's milk formula in amounts corresponding to approximately 0.4-3.0 g of beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) during the first three days of life. Human milk samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the content of bovine BLG. Detectable amounts (0.5-45 ng/ml) were found in 3/9 samples of human milk against which the infants reacted clinically. Analysis of the size distribution by high pressure liquid gel permeation chromatography in combination with ELISA indicated a molecular weight of BLG corresponding to that of monomeric BLG (18 kD). Possibly early inadvertent and occasional exposure to cow's milk proteins may initiate sensitization in predisposed neonates. Subsequent exposure to minute amounts of bovine milk proteins in human milk may act as booster doses eliciting allergic reactions.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Low breath hydrogen production in post-diarrheic infants.

Thirty hospitalized infants, aged 1 month to 15 months, who were more than 24 hours into a post-recovery period from diarrheic episodes were studied for breath hydrogen production due to intestinal lactulose fermentation. Only 16% of the infants demonstrated hydrogen production of greater than 20 parts per million (ppm) over the baseline. We conclude that a recovery period much longer than 24 hours from the last diarrheic episode is necessary to obtain any reliable data from breath hydrogen tests administered to infants.

Breath Tests↗
PubMed1992

Giardiasis causing chronic diarrhoea in suburban Copenhagen: incidence, physical growth, clinical symptoms and small intestinal abnormality.

During a six-year period, 29 children (aged 0.7-13.5 years, mean 3.3 years) suffering from chronic diarrhoea due to giardiasis were studied. The incidence of this illness was 81 per 1,000,000 children aged 0- < 7 years per year. According to growth charts, relative height and weight of the patients decreased significantly (approximately 0.5 SD) from before the onset of diarrhoea to the time of diagnosis and subsequently increased up to the end of catch-up growth. Small intestinal mucosal specimens were studied. Two patients had severe villous atrophy, 8 moderate abnormalities, 6 only light changes and 13 biopsies were normal. D-xylose or lactose malabsorption was detected in 25% of the patients. The lactose malabsorption was due to hereditary low lactase levels. None of the patients with a Danish ethnic background showed lactose malabsorption. D-xylose absorption and the relative weight loss of the patients correlated with the degree of mucosal damage. Patients with persistent diarrhoea (n = 19) were younger and had a shorter duration of diarrhoeal illness and a more significant weight reduction than those with intermittent diarrhoea (n = 10). However, the age at onset of symptoms was similar in the two groups (medians 1.3 years). Seven patients contracted the disease abroad. They all developed persistent diarrhoea and had a more severe course of the illness than those who acquired the disease in Denmark.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Cellular basis of adult-type hypolactasia.

In the proximal jejunum and distal ileum of adult rabbits and rats, the lactase protein and lactase activity are present only in patches of enterocytes, located principally on the lower part of the villi, whereas in the mid-small intestine, lactase is present in all the villus enterocytes. In the proximal jejunum of adult rabbits, only a few vertical continuous sheets of lactase-positive enterocytes arise from the base of the villus, suggesting that the patchy expression of lactase may have a clonal origin. In the proximal jejunum of adult humans with persistent high lactase activity, all the villus enterocytes express lactase; on the contrary, a patchy expression of lactase protein and lactase activity is present in hypolactasic tissues. The patches of lactase-positive enterocytes are scattered randomly on the surface of the villus, suggesting that in hypolactasic humans the enterocyte heterogeneity occurs as a consequence of mechanisms that do not have a clonal origin.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

One hundred cases of recurrent abdominal pain in children: diagnostic procedures and criteria for a psychosomatic diagnosis.

AIMS: To highlight the diagnostic difficulties involved in elucidating the aetiology of recurrent abdominal pain and to evaluate the use of special premises and criteria for the diagnosis of psychosomatic pain. METHODS: The study included 100 consecutive cases of recurrent abdominal pain in 6 to 15 y-old children who were evaluated at a special paediatric clinic for recurrent abdominal pain and who were followed for at least one year. The investigation included a semi-structured questionnaire, laboratory investigations based on clinical data and diagnoses based on defined criteria. Three premises and seven criteria, based on the assumption that chronic negative stress can cause recurrent pain, were used for the diagnosis of psychosomatic pain. RESULTS: When the presented premises and criteria were employed for the diagnosis of psychosomatic pain, nearly half of the cases (48%) of recurrent abdominal pain could be explained. An organic or possibly organic diagnosis was found in 25% of the cases. Fourteen children had a possible psychosomatic diagnosis and in 9 cases no known diagnosis could be reached. CONCLUSION: The presented premises and criteria for the diagnosis of psychosomatic pain can be helpful when diagnosing recurrent abdominal pain, but further validation is needed. According to these criteria, a psychosomatic diagnosis was common in this series, accounting for nearly half of the cases. A medical diagnosis was evident in a quarter of the cases.

Abdominal Pain↗