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PubMed2006

Neurofibromatosis.

Neurofibromatosis is a heritable disease characterized by disordered growth of ectodermal tissues.

Genetic Testing↗
PubMed2006

Storage insurance.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Diffusion of Innovation↗
PubMed2006

Mortality and Morbidity Liaison Committee--ISCS body mass index study.

OBJECTIVE: This study used the Impairment Study Capture System (ISCS) to examine the relationship between mortality and body mass index (BMI) in an insured population, particularly BMI in isolation from other risk factors. BACKGROUND: Large-scale studies of build in an insured population have traditionally been done on policies issued at standard premium rates. Insured mortality experience on elevated BMI is scarce or outdated. Increasingly competitive underwriting of build throughout the years has influenced what has been issued standard, and therefore, the relative experience of substandard to standard business. METHODS: We studied 241,966 policies submitted through the ISCS between 1989 and 2003 with actual height and weight and a code signifying abnormal build. Actual BMI were derived for these insureds. The average BMI was 35.0. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were computed using the 2001 Valuation Basic Table (VBT) as the expected basis. The average duration of exposure was 2.5 years. Results were stratified by underwriting factors of interest. RESULTS: Standardized mortality ratios rose quite modestly as BMI increased up until reaching severe obesity. Ratios for nonsmoker policies where elevated build was the only impairment saw SMR of 265% at BMI < 18.5, 130% at BMI 30.0-34.9, 160% at BMI 35.0-39.9 and 239% at BMI > or = 40.0. Ratios where other impairments were present tended to be higher in moderately obese ranges and lower at extremely obese ranges. No underwriting factor of significance impacted the pattern of ratios as BMI increased. CONCLUSIONS: While an average of 3 years may not be long enough to see the true manifestations of obesity, excess mortality is exhibited at low and high BMI ranges, especially when seen in isolation. The study is not a direct comparison of obese to non-obese subjects, but it is a point of reference for how obese insureds have fared vs standard issued policies. The relatively favorable experience may have more to do with the construction of the (standard) VBT table than any mitigating effect of modest obesity.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Clinical implications of proteinuria.

Proteinuria has long been considered a marker for renal disease. New observations are suggesting that proteinuria is also a risk factor for other outcomes as well, such as cardiac events and stroke. This article will review a recommended strategy for proteinuria detection and the associations of proteinuria with the progression of renal disease and cardiovascular disease. It will also review the significance of the development of proteinuria in the elderly population and discuss other common causes of proteinuria apart from those secondary to diabetes and hypertension.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Severity criteria for critical illness insurance definitions.

BACKGROUND: Definitions for critical illness insurance must be updated to reflect increasing incidence of covered events and improvements in screening, diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: Examples are provided for ways to future-proof definitions via use of severity criteria. RESULTS: The desired effect could be achieved by adding severity criteria as follows: myocardial infarction--ejection fraction, troponin level, or functional class; stroke--Modified Rankin Scale; and cancer--scaled benefits in proportion to probability of survival. CONCLUSION: Severity criteria can limit the increase in critical illness claims that is expected based on improvements in screening and diagnostic tests, thereby keeping the price affordable while retaining the features that have made this product so successful.

Critical Illness↗