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PubMed1997

Health science graduates: preparation for the workplace.

The research reported in this article was undertaken to assess the perceptions of health science graduates in the fields of health information management, occupational therapy, orthoptics, physiotherapy, and speech pathology regarding their perceptions of the adequacy of undergraduate preparation in meeting the demands of a changing health care environment. An instrument was devised for use by graduates on the basis of the skills and workplace behaviours specified by experienced practitioners in the above fields as necessary in newly recruited graduates. A total of 527 health science graduates completed the 52 item instrument. The statistical analyses indicated that 11 factors define the adequacy of graduates' preparation for the workplace. Health science graduates perceived themselves to have been more thoroughly prepared on certain workplace dimensions than on others. Specifically, graduates perceived themselves to be ill-equipped on dimensions concerned with workplace management, knowledge of the health industry, and coping in the workplace. Graduates also perceived themselves to be inadequately prepared in terms of communicating with clients, health professionals, and the general public. The strengths of their courses were perceived to be in completing essential tasks, having confidence in the clinical role, in ethical practice, in pursuit and application of knowledge, and having a realistic expectation of the workplace role. The results are discussed in terms of the need to address curriculum changes.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Weaving the fabric of social interaction: articulating developmental psychology and cognitive neuroscience in the domain of motor cognition.

In this article, we bring together recent findings from developmental science and cognitive neuroscience to argue that perception-action coupling constitutes the fundamental mechanism of motor cognition. A variety of empirical evidence suggests that observed and executed actions are coded in a common cognitive and neural framework, enabling individuals to construct shared representations of self and other actions. We review work to suggest that such shared representations support action anticipation, organization, and imitation. These processes, along with additional computational mechanisms for determining a sense of agency and behavioral regulation, form the fabric of socialinteraction. In addition, humans possess the capacity to move beyond these basic aspects of action analysis to interpret behavior at a deeper level, an ability that may be outside the scope of the mirror system. Understanding the nature of shared representations from the vantage point of developmental and cognitive science and neuroscience has the potential to inform a range of motor and social processes. This perspective also elucidates intriguing new directions and research questions and generates specific hypotheses regarding the impact of early disorders (e.g., developmental movement disorders) on subsequent action processing.

Awareness↗
PubMed1996

[NIHS information and computing infrastructure (NICI)].

We describe the information and computing infrastructure in National Institute of Health Sciences, which were constructed until May, 1996. The in house computer network and computing facilities for common usage in NIHS have been developed under the initiative of Division of Chem-Bio Informatics since 1989. The present LAN (Local Area Network) consists of coaxial cables and optic fibers which are connected by a LAN Switch. The LAN is connected to the Internet via IMnet, the inter ministry network back bone of the Science and Technology Agency. Various types of workstations and personal computers such as SUN WS, Silicon Graphics WS, IBM WS & PC, Macintosh, and NEC PC are connected to the LAN. This computing network environment which we named NICI (NIHS Information and Computing Infrastructure) not only provides network communications but also facilitates advanced computating systems for chemical safety research at NIHS as a COE.

Biological Science Disciplines↗
PubMed2004

Biotechnology and the popular press: hype and the selling of science.

The popular media has emerged as an important source of scientific information. It has been suggested that the portrayal of genetics by the media is often inaccurate--a phenomenon branded 'genohype'--and, as a result, is having an adverse impact on public understanding and policy development. However, emerging data suggest that, in some circumstances, the media reporting of science is surprisingly accurate and portrays a message created by the scientific community. As such, there are reasons to believe that the hyping of research results might be part of a more systemic problem associated with the increasingly commercial nature of the research environment.

Biotechnology↗
PubMed1996

Shared understandings for informed consent: the relevance of psychological research on the provision of information.

The achievement of informed consent from patients and potential research participants is considered a basic requirement in clinical care and clinical research, but ethicists have paid little attention to the psychological processes and social factors involved in sharing information between individuals. Although many studies on consent have provided useful results, they are rarely informed by basic research in the social sciences. As a result, there are a large number of methodological and conceptual issues which have not been adequately addressed. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how the work of cognitive and social psychologists can provide insights that are both relevant and valuable to the process of attaining consent. Research in these areas within psychology has indicated that there are important individual differences in how much information people require and that patients' current state of mind can affect estimates of probability, thus making analogue studies misleading. Collaboration between psychologists and ethicists would be of great value in identifying likely areas of mutual interest, particularly the choice of language in consent forms and information sheets, the design of consent forms, the amount of information provided, and the specification of risks and benefits.

Data Display↗
PubMed2003

At the crossroads of chemistry and biology.

The life sciences are molecular and the harnessing of information gleaned from genomics and proteomics will require interdisciplinary research integrating chemistry and biology. This approach is illustrated by the synthesis and biological evaluation of lipidated peptides and proteins and the delineation of a concept arguing for natural product guided combinatorial chemistry.

Biochemistry↗
PubMed2006

The role of molecular modelling in biomedical research.

The synergy between experimental and computational biology has greatly benefited both fields, providing invaluable information in many different areas of the life sciences. This minireview will focus on one specific aspect of computational biology, molecular modelling, and describe a few examples highlighting the effectiveness of protein structural analysis and modelling in providing relevant information about systems of biomedical interest.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evidence-based resources and the role of librarians in developing evidence-based practice curricula.

The implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) requires acquisition and use of a complex set of skills, including the ability to locate and critically evaluate clinically relevant research literature. In this article, we discuss information resources and tools that may be of value to educators faced with the task of teaching students to search for and evaluate research-based evidence. In addition, we discuss how health sciences librarians, with the use of new models of information instruction and delivery, can work with nursing faculty in developing curricula for training students in EBP.

Computer User Training↗
PubMed2004

ACMES: fast multiple-genome searches for short repeat sequences with concurrent cross-species information retrieval.

We have developed a web server for the life sciences community to use to search for short repeats of DNA sequence of length between 3 and 10,000 bases within multiple species. This search employs a unique and fast hash function approach. Our system also applies information retrieval algorithms to discover knowledge of cross-species conservation of repeat sequences. Furthermore, we have incorporated a part of the Gene Ontology database into our information retrieval algorithms to broaden the coverage of the search. Our web server and tutorial can be found at http://acmes.rnet.missouri.edu.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1996

The superhighway to nursing science and practice.

Nursing is evolving within a societal context of shifting paradigms and pervasive technology. Information technology offers untold possibilities to enhance the mechanisms of health care delivery. The capacity for comprehensive access to and integration of information and knowledge suggests a holistic approach that transcends time, settings, and providers. Moreover, the interface between nursing practice and nursing informatics provides an opportunity to create new science and to expand the boundaries of nursing knowledge.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

Education of medical informatics in Bosnia and Herzegowina.

Time of information in which the authors live resulted in the increase of the amount of the information exponential growth of the new kind of knowledge, flourishing of the familiar ones and the appearance of the new sciences. Medical (health) informatics occupies the central place in all the segments of modern medicine in the past 30 years--in practical work, education and scientific research. In all that, computers have taken over the most important role and are used intensively for the development of the health information systems. Following activities develop within the area of health informatics: health-documentation, health-statistics, health-informatics and bio-medical, scientific and professional information. The pioneer in the development of the health statistics and informatics in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) was Dr Evgenije Sherstnew, who was the Chief of Health Statistics in the Ministry of Health of BiH from 1946-1952, and who founded and led, from 1952 to the end of his life, the Department of Medical Documentation and Health Statistics of the Central Health Institute of BiH, the core around which a group of experts for the development of this field have gathered. In the eighties computers were intensively used as a tool for the processing medical data and with them the development of health information systems at the level of the outpatient-clinics, hospitals, clinical centers, as well as the integral information system of health, health insurance and the social security system of BiH began. Finally, Society for Medical Informatics of BiH, which as a professional association gathers experts in the area of health informatics, actively propagates this profession in the Republic, was founded. With reform of the lectures and curriculum at the medical faculty in Sarajevo, the course in 'Medical Informatics' has been in 1992. into the second semester, since it was assumed that an early insight into the principles of information along with studies of so called basic pre-clinic sciences, especially basics of information, would make things easier for the students the more informative education is in the course of their medical studies. The medical faculty in Sarajevo also established and accepted a course of health informatics and economics of post-graduate studies in 1979, of which the main objective is education of experts for work informatics jobs in health care system and services, especially for needs of the future information systems in BiH.

Bosnia and Herzegovina↗
PubMed2004

Dynamics of traffic flow with real-time traffic information.

We studied dynamics of traffic flow with real-time information provided. Provision of the real-time traffic information based on advancements in telecommunication technology is expected to facilitate the efficient utilization of available road capacity. This system has a potentiality of not only engineering for road usage but also the science of complexity series. In the system, the information plays a role of feedback connecting microscopic and macroscopic phenomena beyond the hierarchical structure of statistical physics. In this paper, we tried to clarify how the information works in a network of traffic flow from the perspective of statistical physics. The dynamical feature of the traffic flow is abstracted by a contrastive study between the nonequilibrium statistical physics and a computer simulation based on cellular automaton. We found that the information disrupts the local equilibrium of traffic flow by a characteristic dissipation process due to interaction between the information and individual vehicles. The dissipative structure was observed in the time evolution of traffic flow driven far from equilibrium as a consequence of the breakdown of the local-equilibrium hypothesis.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

The significance of statistical significance.

Currently, much nursing practice is based on limited evidence, for example, small-scale research, case studies and clinical experience. In a mature science this would be undesirable, but nursing is in the early stages of development as a science, and many of its practices depend on relatively informal knowledge. To encourage the spread of potentially valuable ideas, nurses must be willing to share their clinical experience and journal editors should consider publishing this information. High-quality research is essential to the long-term development of 'evidence-based practice', but it is crucial at the present stage of nursing science that we do not become too concerned with perfect research methodology at the expense of good ideas. This particularly applies to tests of statistical significance. If we accept only information that has demonstrated statistical significance, we risk the dismissal of qualitative research and other information which may be extremely valuable but which have not yet been fully investigated. The aim of this paper is to convince practitioners and journal editors that statistical significance is not the only way to judge clinical importance and to suggest that decisions on what should be submitted and accepted for publication should be based on potential clinical relevance as well as statistical analysis.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
PubMed1998

The significance of statistical significance.

Currently, much nursing practice is based on limited evidence, for example, small-scale research, case studies and clinical experience. In a mature science this would be undesirable, but nursing is in the early stages of development as a science, and many of its practices depend on relatively informal knowledge. To encourage the spread of potentially valuable ideas, nurses must be willing to share their clinical experience and journal editors should consider publishing this information. High-quality research is essential to the long-term development of 'evidence-based practice', but it is crucial at the present stage of nursing science that we do not become too concerned with perfect research methodology at the expense of good ideas. This particularly applies to tests of statistical significance. If we accept only information that has demonstrated statistical significance, we risk the dismissal of qualitative research and other information which may be extremely valuable but which have not yet been fully investigated. The aim of this paper is to convince practitioners and journal editors that statistical significance is not the only way to judge clinical importance and to suggest that decisions on what should be submitted and accepted for publication should be based on potential clinical relevance as well as statistical analysis.

Bias↗