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Results for “Complement Fixation Tests”

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Phenotypic mixing test to detect and assay avian leukosis viruses.

A phenotypic mixing (PM) test for detecting and assaying avian leukosis viruses (ALV) of the A, B, C, and D subgroups is described. An ALV and Rous sarcoma virus RSV-0) are phenotypically mixed by co-cultivating on C/O (cells susceptible to all subgroups of ALV) cells for a certain period. Then the RSV with the new virus property is assayed on C/E cells (cells resistant to infection with subgroup E leukosis/sarcoma viruses). The test is relatively simple and rapid, and its results are unequivocal. It is as sensitive as the more lengthy complement-fixation test (COFAL). The system is suitable for detecting avian leukosis viruses in samples such as heparinized blood, plasma, and embryo extracts.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Examination of differences between foot-and-mouth disease virus strains using a radioimmunoassay techinque.

A radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique was used to compare different samples of type SAT 2 foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) viruses. The reaction involved the measurement of the competition of heterologous virus with homologous virus for previously titrated homologous antiserum. The results showed that differences occurred between the viruses examined. Viruses could be grouped according to their ability to compete with the homologous virus, and statistically significant differences between virus 'groups' were observed. A comparison of the relationships between the viruses using RIA and complement fixation tests was made. The results did not always correlate. Certain homologous antigen/antibody combinations were more discriminating. The method might prove useful in the examination of a large number of field strain viruses using a well-characterized vaccine virus homologous system, particularly if the method is adapted to use antisera specific for the neutralizing antigen of the homologous test virus.

Antigen-Antibody Reactions↗
PubMed1984

Detection of cytomegalovirus antibody with two commercially available assays, an indirect hemagglutination test and an enzyme immunosorbent assay.

By the use of two reference procedures, an indirect hemagglutination assay and a complement fixation test, the presence or absence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody was determined for 221 human sera. Ninety-nine sera (44.8%) were found to contain CMV antibody. The remaining 122 sera (55.2%) lacked detectable CMV antibody. These same sera were then analyzed by two recently introduced, commercially available CMV antibody assays, an indirect hemagglutination test (IHA-c; Cetus Corp., Emeryville, Calif.) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; M. A. Bioproducts, Walkersville, Md.). With the results of the reference procedures as true evidence of the presence or absence of CMV antibody, the sensitivity of the IHA-c was found to be 100%; the specificity was 98.4%. The sensitivity of the ELISA was also 100%; the specificity was 96.7%. The overall accuracies of these procedures were 99.1 and 98.2%, respectively. Time and motion studies revealed the IHA-c procedure to be faster and technically less demanding than the ELISA procedure.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1976

[Experimental infection of domestic animals with R. prowazeki and R. canada].

The authors infected lambs with R. prowazeki and R. canada to ascertain their possible role in the natural infection of the animals. The lambs were infected subcutaneously with increasing doses; rickettsiemia was recorded with the aid of tests on guinea pigs and Ixodidae and Argasidae ticks fed on the lambs. Dynamics of antibody formation was ascertained in the infected animals in the agglutination reaction and in the complement fixation test. The antigenic affinity of R. canada and rickettsia of the typhoid group and the presence of common antigenic determinants with the Proteus OX19 was confirmed. The absence of any clinical manifestations, the character of antibody formation, impossibility of inducing the generalized infection and of the isolation of the causative agent from the blood pointed to the low susceptibility of lambs to R. prowazeki and R. canada; thus a possibility of circulation of the causative agents of typhius among the domestic animals scarcely probable.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1976

[Use of the indirect hemagglutination test in the study of ornithosis. I. Hemosensitizing activity of ornithosis phosphlipid antigen and a method of performing tests with it].

A possibility was shown of using the phospholipid group-specific antigen of the ornitosis causative agent in the capacity of a hemosensitin for conducting the indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT). There was revealed a direct proportional relationship between the sensitizing activity and the complement fixing properties of the antigens obtained. A method of sorption of this antigen on the tannin-treated erythrocytes and the optimal parameters of conducting the test with it were elaborated. A sufficiently high sensitivity and specificity of the IHAT was revealed as a result of parallel titration of hetero-and homologous sera in the complement fixation test and in the IHAT. The suggested test can be successfully used for the diagnosis of ornithosis.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1965

LATTICE FORMATION IN COMPLEMENT FIXATION: STUDIES WITH UNIVALENT RABBIT ANTIBODY.

Hybrid univalent 6.5S antibody molecules, formed by recombination of half-molecules of rabbit antibody to ovalbumin with those of normal rabbit gamma(G)-globulin, fail to fix complement in reactions with homologous antigen. Such hybrid molecules, however, block complement fixation by intact antibody to ovalbumin. Molecules of antibody reconstituted in the absence of other protein retain the capacity to fix complement. The data suggest that small complexes containing excess univalent antibody do not fix complement and that lattice formation is required for fixation.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of the counter-immunoelectrophoresis technique with the Reiter protein and three other serological tests as a first line test for syphilis.

The counter-immunoelectrophoresis technique with the Reiter protein (RP-CIE) was compared with two complement fixation tests (Kolmer and RPCF) and a flocculation test (VDRL) in sensitivity and specificity. Of the 1,927 consecutive attendants of a venereal disease clinic whose serum samples were used, 250 were considered to be syphilitic. The number of true-positive and false-positive reactions were: 121 and 4 (VDRL), 124 and 2 (Kolmer), 179 and 41 (RPCF), 166 and 16 (RP-CIE). The VDRL and the RPCF combined were more sensitive and less specific than the VDRL combined with the Kolmer. If the RPCF was replaced by the RP-CIE the sensitivity remained the same but the specificity was higher. The RP-CIE scored more positives than the RPCF in untreated cases of primary syphilis. The results argue for substitution of the RP-CIE for the Kolmer in the combination with the VDRL in the serodiagnosis for syphilis. Moreover, the RP-CIE presents the technical advantages of simplicity, speed of performance, and of not being hampered by the anticomplementary nature of the serum sample.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed2005

[An epidemiological survey of equine anaplasmosis (Anaplasma phagocytophilum) in southern France].

Anaplasmosis is caused by the bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum and transmitted by Ixodes spp. ticks. According to some reports the disease can be introduced into disease-free zones by migrating birds. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of A. phagocytophilum in horses in the Camargue. Data concerning 424 horses were gathered and the sera were tested for A. phagocytophilum and for piroplasmoses using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a complement fixation test, respectively. The seroprevalence rates were 11.3 % for A. phagocytophilum, 64.4 % for Theileria equi and 19.7% for Babesia caballi. Stallions were less likely to produce antibodies against A. phagocytophilumthan were females or geldings (odds ratio [OR] = 0.3; p = 0.021). The presence of swallows increased the risk of infections in stables (OR = 5.18; p = 0.011). Spatial analysis showed the existence of groups of infected stables along canals and rivers (p = 0.008). These results suggest an emergence of A. phagocytophilum in the Camargue.

Anaplasma phagocytophilum↗
PubMed1974

The epidemiology of Salmonella dublin infection in a dairy herd. II. Serology.

A number of serological tests were evaluated in a study of Salmonella dublin infection in a dairy herd. None of the tests used detected either of the two carrier animals from which Salmonella dublin was isolated at slaughter 7 and 17 months after the herd infection. The complement fixation tests used proved to be a better guide to the presence of recent herd infection than the conventional ;O' or ;H' agglutination tests.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1976

Determination of antigen content and effectiveness of foor-and-mouth disease vaccines.

The following paragraphs are in reality the conclusion of a communication which was not presented at the symposium owing to Dr Czelleng's absence. Taking the place of his colleague, Dr Sólyom gave a brief account of the complement fixation test in the estimation of immunity against foot-and-mouth disease. The test conditions are improved by using a standardized complement; this method allows to meausre very precisely the amount of antigen used for the production of vaccine.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Antigenic analysis of yeast cell-walls.

Agglutination and complement fixation tests with yeast cell-walls revealed an extensive and complex pattern of cross-reactions amongst 26 species of 20 genera of yeasts. Common antigens were found in all yeast cell-walls. Ascosporogenous yeasts possessed antigens not found in the asporogenous yeasts and vice versa. Nuberical analyses of serological properties confirmed this distinction and also that little differentiation could be achieved at generic level with respect to Saccharomyces and Candida spp.

Agglutination Tests↗