Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Carrying Capacity”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,693 records · Page 94Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Energy metabolism and hematology of white-tailed deer fawns.

Resting metabolic rates, weight gains and hematologic profiles of six newborn, captive white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns (four females, two males) were determined during the first 3 mo of life. Estimated mean daily weight gain of fawns was 0.2 kg. The regression equation for metabolic rate was: Metabolic rate (kcal/kg0.75/day) = 56.1 +/- 1.3 (age in days), r = 0.65, P less than 0.001). Regression equations were also used to relate age to red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume, white blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. The age relationships of Hb, MCHC, and smaller RBC's were indicative of an increasing and more efficient oxygen-carrying and exchange capacity to fulfill the increasing metabolic demands for oxygen associated with increasing body size.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Screening of alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase producers among microorganisms of different taxonomic groups].

Screening of producers of alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase among 854 strains of micromycetes, 171 yeast and 357 bacterial cultures has been carried out. A capacity to synthesize the enzyme was revealed in 11% of cultures. Representatives of Aspergillus genus (activity--0.11-0.142 un./ml) were most active in producing the enzyme. It has been established that glucosidases spectrum in the culture liquid of 18 most active strains was characterized by complete homogeneity and by the presence of a rather high level (0.5-0.9 un./ml) of alpha-galactosidase activity. Complex preparations of alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase and alpha-galactosidase have been obtained from the culture liquid of producers by fractionation by ammonium sulphate (30 and 90% saturation); their pH- and thermo-optimum, pH- and thermal stability have been studied. It was shown possibility to induce alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase synthesis by a number of carbohydrates (galactose, glucose, galactosamine, and glucosamine), complex-forming substances (guanidine HCl), nitroaminoguanidin and guanidine carbonate and bovine blood. As a result the strain of Aspergillus niger 185 III was chosen which activity level could be increased more than 3 times (activity--0.6 un./ml as compared to initial one).

Animals↗
PubMed2001

A comparison of the effect of three endodontic sealers on adherence of mouse peritoneal macrophages.

Leakage of sealer from root canals to periapical tissues during root canal obturation may occur. This study was designed to evaluate the possible effect of three root canal sealers (zinc oxide-eugenol, Grossman, and AH 26) on adherence of mouse macrophages. Macrophages were obtained from the peritoneal cavity of BALB/c mice and suspended in RPMI-1640 medium. Adherence capacity assays were carried out in Eppendorf tubes. Each sealer was tested four times after mixing (immediately, 12 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours after) and for three period of incubation (10, 20, and 30 minutes) with suspended cells. Cells were counted under the light microscope, and the adherence index was determined. Zinc oxide-eugenol and Grossman sealers killed all macrophages, and the adherence index was considered less than 1 for these sealers. AH 26 reduced the adherence index in all different periods after mixing and incubation times. But in sealer that had mixed 48 hours before the experiment and with 10 minutes of incubation, the adherence index was increased slightly, but the difference was not statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[National program of poverty elimination and health of economically active population in Russia].

Effective implementation of actual tasks on social economic development of Russia is certainly determined by significant increasing of health level of laboring people. Death rate of economically active population is an appropriate and highly informative indicator of both population health and society social well-being. Main trend in implementation of program of poverty elimination and in enhancement of national competitive capacity is effective carrying out of public program? Health of laboring population in Russia: 2004 - 2015? with highest possible employers' resource support.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

[Problems of the reproducibility of the inhaled dosage exemplified with the Pari provocation test I apparatus].

The unspecific bronchial provocation test--usually performed with histamine, metacholine or carbachol--is used to determine whether bronchial hyperreactivity is present, and to what degree. Epidemiological studies have shown, that an overlap exists between "healthy" and "sick". There are several reasons for this, the most important being the insufficient reproducibility of intrabronchial deposition and the fact that the total provocation dose is often unknown. The following factors must be taken into account to improve this situation: 1. Only those devices where the particle spectrum is not influenced by the inspiration flow (without additional airstream) should be used to produce aerosols. 2. The air current containing aerosols is vapour saturated when liquid aerosols are produced. As the vapour is derived from the nebulizing solution it forms part of the weight or volume loss, this can be up to 50% of the total weight/volume loss. The aerosol output is far more constant and practically independent of the vapour saturation and the temperature. The intrabronchial dose can therefore not be calculated according to the weight loss of the nebulizer, as this is incorrect. 3. The evaporation of the nebulizing solution leads to an increase in the concentration of the test substance, especially towards the end of the evaporation process. Thus, the volume of the nebulizing solution should always be as large as possible or renewed early. 4. The slower the inhalation maneuver, the less the reproducibility of the intrabronchial deposition is impaired. The intrabronchial deposition varies least, when a slow inspiratory vital capacity maneuver is carried out (inspiration time greater than 8 s). Exhalation should be normal or even rapid, as aerosol deposition is thus increased, due to airway collapse. Breath-holding at the end of inspiration, for about 3-4 seconds, is favourable. 5. The anatomy of the glottic region varies greatly interindividually, influencing intrabronchial deposition. To reduce this to a minimum, the average diameter of the particles should not exceed 2 microns. On the other hand, the diameter of particles should not be under 1 micron, as the inhaled amount of substance is then markedly reduced (volume approximately d3). 6. Reservoirs, storaging the aerosol before inhalation, increase reproducibility, since they stabilize the aerosol due to vapour saturation. Plastic reservoirs must either be of antistatic material, or made antistatic by being filled repeatedly. The reproducibility of intrabronchial deposition is in the range of +/- 15% for the PARI-Provokationstest device I, (determined by radioactive labelling).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Aerosols↗
PubMed1986

[Comparison of the effect of a selective and a nonselective beta receptor blocker on the ischemic ST segment, lung function and stress-induced decrease in blood glucose].

This study was designed to compare the antihypertensive and anti-ischemic effects of the newly developed cardioselective beta-blocking agent, betaxolol, with the non-selective agent, nadolol, both of which have hydrophilic long acting properties, over a period of 48 hours. Additionally, the study was intended to determine whether betaxolol exerts a lesser influence on pulmonary function and whether beta-1- and beta-2-adrenergic blocking agents also induce a decrease in blood glucose levels during standard bicycle ergometry for three to nine minutes, similar to that reported in association with exercise of longer duration and, if so, whether this effect can be circumvented by the use of a selective agent. Ten patients with angiographically documented CAD, stable exercise angina pectoris and reproducible ST-segment depression of at least 1 mm received on day 1, in a single blind fashion, one tablet of placebo, on day 2 and day 7, in a double-blind, randomized and cross-over fashion, 20 mg betaxolol or 80 mg nadolol, respectively. Bicycle ergometry was performed before, four, 24 and 48 hours after drug with fixed work loads, blood glucose determination before and after ergometry four hours after drug and airway resistance and maximal ventilatory capacity studies were carried out five hours after drug administration. As compared with placebo, betaxolol and nadolol led to reductions of ST-segment depression of 65% (p less than 0.01) and 74% (p less than 0.005) at four hours, of 53% (p less than 0.025) and 56% (p less than 0.01) at 24 hours and 41% (p less than 0.05) and 44% (p less than 0.05) at 48 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The cytogenetic effects in natural populations of Crepis tectorum exposed to chronic irradiation in the region of the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station. An analysis of the frequency of chromosome aberrations and karyotype changes in the 3rd and 4th years after the accident].

In three natural Crepis tectorum populations from 30-km zone of the Chernobyl NPP cytogenetic analysis of plant progenies was carried out. Germination capacity was not correlated with the dose rate of chronic irradiation. There was a correlation between frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations and frequency of seedlings with non-identical altered karyotype among which pericentric inversions and reciprocal translocations dominated. 9-chromosome altered karyotypes were found. Homozygous plants with altered karyotypes were not observed. Several heterozygous plants segregated homozygous seedlings with altered karyotype were found. In comparison with the second year after the accident in the third and fourth years there was stronger deviation from linear dependence between the cytogenetic effect and the dose rate of irradiation.

Alpha Particles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bone marrow metastases detection in small cell lung cancer. A review.

Small cell lung cancer is known to carry a high capacity to metastasize in various sites including bone marrow. We here review the respective sensitivities of classical cyto-histological methods and of more recently described techniques such as cell cultures, immunostaining with monoclonal antibodies and magnetic resonance imaging. These new and somehow less aggressive methods allow the detection of malignant cells in 50% or more of patients with small cell lung cancer. However, their potential usefulness in the staging of such patients as well as their therapeutic and clinical implications remain undetermined. Their possible clinical value needs to be evaluated in future trials.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1996

Faciometrics: a new syntax for facial feature analysis.

A little neglect appears to exist in current cephalometric soft tissue analysis. Specifically, some areas of the facial integument are not accessible to cephalometric analysis. Further, no method of frontal cephalometric soft tissue analysis has been described. Faciometrics, a new cephalometric, nonradiographic system for facial feature analysis, may carry professional diagnostic capacity to another dimension by providing an evaluation for previously inaccessible facial areas and by supplying a beginning for frontal cephalometric soft tissue analysis. The reliability and the validity of the proposed system were tested on a random sample of 20 subjects. The system was found to be reliable and valid. A method for rapid checking of facial symmetry is also described, and some equations for facial proportions are presented as guidelines for good facial esthetics. The faciometric system is proposed as a complement to, rather than a replacement for, available soft tissue cephalometric analysis.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1997

Hemoglobin E-beta thalassemia in Uttar Pradesh.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the molecular make up of hemoglobin E-Beta thalassemia to facilitate diagnosis, genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis in Uttar Pradesh. DESIGN: DNA analysis. SETTING: Referred hemolytic anemia cases to Genetics OPD of a tertiary care center. SUBJECTS: 21 families of HbE-thalassemia of which 19 were of UP origin. METHODS: The patient and obligate carriers in their families were evaluated at hematological, biochemical and molecular level. A total of 62 cases were evaluated which included the index cases and their family members. Red blood cell indices, osmotic fragility, hemoglobin electrophoresis, quantitation of fetal hemoglobin, HbA2/E, serum iron and total iron binding capacity estimation were carried out in all the blood samples. DNA analysis was done for HbE and beta thalassemia mutations. RESULTS: The commonest, IVSI-5 (G-->C) mutation (57%) was found along with HbE mutation. Only 23/26 cases belonged to the group of common beta-thal mutations as described in literature. CONCLUSION: Establishment of antenatal diagnostic services is necessary in those parts of India where both these mutations are commonly seen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[The mitostatic and lymphotoxic action of kemantane and its effect on B-suppressors].

The in vivo study of the influence of Kemantan on the growth of endogenous colonies in the spleen of sublethally (6 Gy) irradiated (CBA x C57BL/6J) F1 mice (mitostatic action) and on the capacity of transplanted lymphocytes of CBA mice for suppressing their multiplication (lymphotoxic action) was carried out. Besides the capacity of Kemantan for affecting the induction, formation and functioning of B-suppressors of antibody formation was studied. As revealed in this study, Kemantan in doses of 0.2-200 mg/kg did not produce a mitostatic and lymphotoxic effect and had no influence on the realization of the suppressing action of mature B-suppressors. In doses of 20 and 200 mr/kg Kemantan, injected to donors at the phase of the induction and accumulation of B-suppressors, abolished their formation.

Adamantane↗
PubMed1994

[Reduced oxygen transport capacity as a cause of dyspnea].

A reduction in the capacity of blood to carry oxygen leads to increased extraction of oxygen from the blood by peripheral tissues, and consequently to a decrease in the venous partial pressure of oxygen (pO2). At reduced venous pO2 pre-existing venous-arterial shunts gain in influence on arterial pO2 and arterial pO2 also decreases. In addition, physical exercise leads to lactate acidosis earlier and at lower levels of exercise than in healthy subjects. The low arterial pO2 and the low pH of acidosis are sensed by chemoreceptors of the carotid bodies and neural signals are transmitted to centers of the brain stem, where they are integrated and result in the sensation of shortness of breath (dyspnea). The capacity of the blood to carry oxygen is determined not only by the concentration of hemoglobin but also by the binding characteristics of hemoglobin for oxygen, which can be deduced from its molecular structure. In contrast to cases with acute anemia, dyspnea is often absent in patients in whom anemia develops gradually (down to hemoglobin levels of 7 g/dl). This tolerance is not mediated by pulmonary or cardiac compensatory mechanisms also at work in acute anemia, but is due to increases in the concentration of diphosphoglycerate. This allosteric effector molecule induces, by binding to hemoglobin, a decrease in the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, thereby leading to improved release of oxygen from hemoglobin in peripheral tissues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acidosis, Lactic↗
PubMed1976

A perfluorochemical oxygen carrier (fluosol-43) in a synthetic medium used for perfusion of isolated rat liver.

An emulsion of perfluorotributylamine (Fluosol-43) was used as substitute for the gas-carrying function of erythrocytes in a synthetic medium for perfusion of isolated rat liver. The efficiency and effect of this synthetic gas-carrier were evaluated from measurements of the concentrations of rat albumin, the unsaturated vitamin B12-binding capacity of small-molecular-size vitamin B12-binding proteins (UBBC of SBP), urea nitrogen, glucose, sodium, potassium, alanine amino transferase (ALAT) in the medium, and the incorporation of 14C-lysine into the circulating proteins. Secretion of bile, portal pressure, PO2, PCO2 and pH in the affluent and the effluent mediums were also measured. The results demonstrate that the oxygen-carrying capacity of the medium and the metabolic functions of the liver were higher, and the liver damage less, when the medium included Fluosol-43 than without it. The albumin synthesis and the secretion of bile were as high as has been reported for perfusions with erythrocytes. This indicates that the oxygen carried by the Fluosol-43 was utilised by the liver, and that the metabolic functions were not adversely affected during 4 h of perfusion by the medium containing Fluosol-43.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1983

Subjective estimates of one-handed carrying tasks.

In this study, ten male and five female subjects, ranging between 21 and 23 years in age and in excellent physical health, voluntarily participated. Four different shapes of containers, 8.5 and 12.3 litres in capacity, were used to carry loads for distances of 100, 200, and 300 ft (30.48, 60.96, and 91.44 m, respectively). Individuals first subjectively estimated how much weight they could carry in a given type of container for the required distance and then verified it by actual carrying. The preferred (stronger) hand was used to hold the containers. In addition to the weight acceptable for comfortable carrying, pulse rate and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) of the arm and whole body were also used as response measures. Results indicated that subjects could quite accurately estimate the amount of weight they could carry comfortably in one hand. RPE for one-handed carrying tasks was not one-tenth of the pulse rate as is the case for whole body tasks. The average pulse rate was 100 beats/min for the weights selected. Shape of the containers significantly influenced the amount of weight subjects were willing to carry in one hand. The acceptable amount of weight decreased with distance, but was found to increase with volume.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Opsonic capacity of foal serum for the two neonatal pathogens Escherichia coli and Actinobacillus equuli.

Two of the most commonly isolated foal pathogens are Escherichia coli and Actinobacillus equuli. The hypothesis tested in this study was that young foals carry a lower opsonic capacity for these bacteria compared to adult horses. A flow-cytometric method for the phagocytosis of these by equine neutrophils was established. The opsonic capacity of serum from healthy foals from birth to age 6 weeks was evaluated and related to the concentrations of IgGa and IgGb. Phagocytosis of yeast was used as a control. Serum was required for phagocytosis, with higher concentrations for E. coli than for A. equuli. Ingestion of colostrum led to a significantly higher serum opsonic capacity. After that, there was no consistent age-related trend for opsonic capacity for the different microbes. Foal serum showed similar or higher opsonisation of E. coli and A. equuli compared to serum from mature individuals. During the studied period, the predominance among IgG subisotypes switched from IgGb to IgGa. Although the overall correlation between concentrations of IgG subisotypes and serum opsonic capacity was poor, sera with IgGb levels below 1.9 mg/ml induced lower opsonisation of E. coli and yeast, but not of A. equuli. Complement activation was important for opsonisation of all tested microbes. The results of this study are significant to the understanding of a key immunological facet in the pathophysiology of equine neonatal septicaemia in clinical practice.

Actinobacillus↗
PubMed2003

Replication capacity, biological phenotype, and drug resistance of HIV strains isolated from patients failing antiretroviral therapy.

The fitness of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vivo depends on the interaction of a multitude of viral and host factors. The aim of this study was to analyze the biological phenotype and the intrinsic capacity of the HIV isolates with drug-resistance mutations to replicate efficiently in the absence of drugs. An open label multicenter cross-sectional study was undertaken on 28 HIV-infected patients failing antiretroviral treatment. The subjects were studied for CD4+ cell count, HIV viral load, syncytium-inducing phenotype, genotypic drug-resistance assay, and replication capacity of HIV isolates assessed by co-culture assay. All HIV isolates showed a decreased replication capacity compared with wild-type strains. The lowest replication capacity was detected in HIV strains with more than five drug-resistance mutations. The highest replication capacity was observed in strains carrying the K103N and Y181C primary mutations that emerged after treatment with non-nucleoside analogue inhibitors. Isolates with R5 biological phenotype had a higher number of resistant mutations than X4 isolates (P = 0.004). Particularly, the R5 phenotype was detected in all 6 isolates with more than 14 drug-resistance mutations. Patients with R5 strains had plasma viral load similar to patients with X4 strains, but marginally higher CD4+ cell counts, and their HIV isolates had significantly lower replication capacity of HIV isolates (P = 0.008). No patient carrying HIV with a maintained replication capacity had a viral load less than 30,000 copies/ml. In patients failing HAART, the detection of HIV isolates with the R5 biological phenotype correlates with CD4+ cell count, an impaired replication capacity, and a high number of drug-resistance mutations.

Anti-HIV Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Height of children with G. lamblia and there capacity to absorb d-xylose].

The investigation was carried out with the purpose of studying the capacity to absorb d-xylose in children with G. lamblia establishing also, whether or not their height was reduced. The study is included 25 school age children with giardiasis, pairing them according to sex and age with another 25 without intestinal parasitosis.

Body Height↗
PubMed1980

The significance of graft diameter.

To study the influence of diameter on graft patency, an 8 mm aortoiiliac Dacron graft was implanted in on leg of 25 dogs that had liac arteries 3 to 5 mm in diameter and a 5 mm graft was placed in the other leg. In six dogs both grafts clotted within 3 months, in 10 dogs both grafts remained patient until the dogs were killed between 7 and 66 months, and in nine dogs one graft became occluded before the other. In eight of these nine animals the 8 mm graft became occluded before the 5 mm graft; only in one dog did the 5 mm graft become occluded first. When the 10 dogs with two patient grafts were killed, the 8 mm graft was found to be lined with thick, organized fibrin, whereas the 5 mm graft had a thin, smooth, glistening lining. Histologic examination confirmed that healing was more complete in the 5 mm graft. In vivo blood flow measurements in the dogs were used to compare flow rates and graft resistance in 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 mm grafts. A given sized graft carried the same flow capacity as larger grafts until the flow rate was reached when graft resistance developed. Once resistance appeared, the graft could still triple or quadruple its flow capacity but it could not deliver the same rate of flow under the same pressure head as larger grafts. In 4 mm grafts, resistance first appeared at approximately 150 cc/min and capacity was 450 cc. In 6 mm grafts, resistance developed at 400 cc/min and capacity exceeded 1,200 cc. In 8 and 10 mm grafts, resistance was first noted at 800 and 1.400 cc/min, respectively. These studies suggest that 6 mm diameter grafts can carry the 200 cc/min or less that is measured in the human superficial femoral artery at rest, as well as the four-to sixfold increase that accompanies vigorous exercise.

Animals↗