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PubMedDate not supplied

Nail cosmetics and esthetics.

Healthy-looking nails are important to a well-groomed appearance. Four features are important to the appearance of an esthetic nail: nail length/shape, nail surface texture, nail color, and perionychial integrity.

Cosmetic Techniques↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of skin irritation potential of cosmetics by non-invasive measurements.

This study analyses the ability of four non-invasive techniques (laser Doppler velocimetry, evaporimetry, chromametry and corneometry) to discriminate between irritant and non-irritant products, when compared to appropriate controls, and to detect subliminal changes in barrier function and erythema. These changes, which remain undetectable in the traditional visual and palpable clinical assessment, can be used as early reactions that are followed by the development of overt skin irritation. Laser Doppler velocimetry and evaporimetry were good discriminators between irritant and non-irritant substances, whereas corneometry and chromametry did not clearly distinguish between them. Laser Doppler velocimetry and evaporimetry detected early stages in the development of an irritant reaction before it became visible, but chromametry was not able to detect an early irritant response. It was concluded that non-invasive measurements could improve the quality and relevance of data obtained from human irritation testing, since the data they provide are objective, quantitative and sometimes subclinical, which also allows the concentration of a positive control to be reduced, resulting in the induction of less skin damage in human volunteers and reducing the ethical concerns related to the deliberate induction of an irritant response in a 'healthy' volunteer.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Epicutaneous application of protein antigens incorporated into cosmetic cream induces antigen-nonspecific unresponsiveness in mice and affects the cell-mediated immune response.

BACKGROUND: Protein antigens applied epicutaneously by the patch method induce allergic dermatitis mediated by IgE antibodies in mice and simultaneously significant suppression of Th1-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions. METHODS: We developed a method in which protein antigens (calf collagen, elastin, keratin, TNP-substituted mouse Ig) were homogenized with neutral cream. Animals treated epicutaneously with such preparations were tested for contact sensitivity to TNP hapten or DTH hypersensitivity to hemocyanin. Antigen specificity of induced unresponsiveness was tested in vivo in 'transfer-in' and 'transfer-out' experiments. The influence of skin-induced regulatory cells on in vitro [3H]thymidine uptake by immune cells as well as the possible mode of their action using anticytokine antibodies were tested. RESULTS: Our procedure in which different protein antigens are applied on the skin in the form of cream induces a state of antigen-nonspecific unresponsiveness affecting cell-mediated immune responses in mice. Cream alone has no such effect. Suppression is transferable in vivo by TCR-alphabeta lymphocytes, while Tgammadelta cells show no activity. In vitro, lymphoid cells of skin-tolerized mice suppress [3H]-thymidine incorporation by immune cells and this effect can be abolished by adding anti-TGF-beta but neither anti-IL-4 nor anti-IL-10 antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: Lack of antigen-specifity of unresponsiveness induced by epicutaneous deposition of cream containing protein antigens resembles 'determinant spreading' in oral tolerance induced by antigen feeding. This may suggest that similar immunoregulatory mechanisms operate on these two bodily surfaces.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2003

ECVAM's response to the changing political environment for alternatives: consequences of the European Union chemicals and cosmetics policies.

The European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) has restructured its services by directly targeting the animal tests that need to be replaced. In view of the short time-lines for making available and implementing validated methods, ECVAM is offering to steer the process by bringing together the inputs of stakeholders and encouraging the early involvement of regulators. In essence, steering groups formed by ECVAM senior staff, and complemented with external experts, will carry out the project management and will coordinate the various inputs.

Administration, Topical↗