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PubMedDate not supplied

[Reproducibility of a questionnaire for studying climacteric].

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the reproducibility of a questionnaire concerned with the clinical and epidemiological aspects of menopause. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study population consisted of a hundred perimenopausal Mexican women seeking care at gynecology and obstetric health care services. Their participation was voluntary and they answered the same questionnaire two times with a 15-30 day lag between each application. RESULTS: The Kappa coefficient was high (0.81-1.0) for categorical variables such as: type of menstrual cycles, type of menopause, breast-feeding, use of estrogen during menopause and use of hormonal contraceptives. The Kappa coefficient was moderate (0.7-0.8) for symptoms related to menopause such as hot flashes, sweating, painful coitus, vaginal dryness and a decrease in libido. Mean differences were calculated for continuous variables such as age at menarche, age at menopause, time using estrogen and the duration of breast-feeding, the majority had a value of zero and 95% confidence intervals for these mean differences included the null value. The questionnaire also included other characteristics such as tobacco consumption and a short food frequency questionnaire, which showed high concordance (Kappa 0.7-1.0). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that this questionnaire has a high level of reproducibility and can be useful as a research tool to explore menopause in Mexican women.

Climacteric↗
PubMed1997

[The clinical picture and therapeutic principles in mental disorders in women with a postoperative climacteric].

49 patients after ovariectomy (OE) and 26 women after hysterectomy (HE) were examined. Psychiatrist's care was necessary for all of them because of marked mental disorders. The development of asthenic and dysthymic disorders was most typical after OE. OE induced the increase of depressive symptoms which acquired the neurotic and reactive signs when additional factors joined. Mental disorders after HE occurred as psychopathological symptoms of pseudopremenstrual syndrome and depressive and asthenic alterations in the pattern of menopausal syndrome. The development of hypochondriac personality was found in 22.5% of cases after OE and in 46.1% of patients after HE. Principles of therapeutic policy (correction of vegetovascular disturbances by combined application of substitution hormonal therapy, psychotropic drugs and psychotherapy) are formulated.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The climacteric and physical exercise: the experience of 6 health centers of the Community of Valencia].

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether physical exercise improves the functional motor capacity of menopausal women who practise it. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Six Health Centres in the province of Valencia. PARTICIPANTS: 226 menopausal women. INTERVENTION: Assessment of a functional motor capacity test at the start and at 6 and 12 months with two groups of menopausal women, one in a Physical Exercise programme and the other not. RESULTS: Variation of functional capacity over time was measured and the number of women who improved, equalled or diminished their capacity was obtained, both for the group doing physical exercise and the group not doing it. At the six-month assessment, the percentage of women who did physical exercise and improved their functional motor capacity (64.71%) was significantly higher (p = 0.025) than those who didn't exercise and improved this capacity (45.45%). The differences at twelve months were much more significant (p = 0.0079), with percentages of 61.99% and 38.18% respectively. CONCLUSION: Menopausal women who practise appropriate and controlled physical exercise improve their functional motor capacity more than those who do not.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Brain dysfunction in climacteric and prevention].

The risk of cardiovascular disease in women is relatively small before menopause but increases considerably afterwards. Postmenopausal women have on average a total cholesterol, LDL and VLDL cholesterol levels higher than premenopausal women; at the same time, HDL cholesterol serum level is lower. Postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) has been repeatedly proven to reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease as well as the mortality from cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, little is known about the potential risk of developing a stroke associated to hormonal changes involved in the menopause. Likewise the benefit of the ERT on reduction in stroke-legated mortality and morbidity is still debated. On the other hand, preliminary trials suggest a beneficial role of ERT in women with Alzheimer's disease (AD), probably due to the estrogen's cholinergic neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects. Moreover, recent reports suggest a possible additive beneficial effect of ERT to cholinergic treatments for AD In normal postmenopausal women the ERT not only improve cognitive and emotional functions but also increase verbal memory.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[The significance of progesterone and gestagens in climacteric].

Progesterone is the first ovarian hormone to decrease with the onset of menopause. Its deficiency is mainly involved in metro-menorrhagias as well as edemas, body weight problems and psychovegetative symptoms. Hormone replacement therapy with progesterone or one of its derivatives should be perfectly adapted to the women's needs. It is necessary to offer each patient an individual dose. In order to choose the most suitable way of application, the metabolism for each individual should be carefully considered.

Climacteric↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Survey of climacteric symptoms in semi-rural areas of Yucatan].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the symptoms of climacterium in women from rural areas of Yucatan. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a transversal study of 202 women in the villages of Seye and Cuzama. A questionnaire on socioeconomic status, and symptoms of the menopause was applied. RESULTS: In both villages, the commonest menopause-related symptoms were backache tiredness in more than half of the women. Sweating and hot flashes were reported by 35% and 31%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our observations differed from the absence of hot flashes and sweating reported by another group in rural women living in Yucatan (Ref 7).

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[A physiopathological overview of climacteric and menopause].

Today, million of woman in the world lived enough to experience the menopause ant it's seculae. In the last few years the research of the events associated with this age has gained enormous attention. Hormonal replacement therapy has been shown to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and other complications in postmenopausal woman. In this paper we review the endocrinology of the menopause, benefits and risks of hormonal replacement therapy, Prescription choices, compliance and health care professional attitudes are too analysed.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Attitude to and practice of Norwegian gynecologists concerning hormone replacement therapy in climacteric].

A questionnaire was sent to all 475 members of the Norwegian Gynaecological Society. It was based on a similar study previously performed in Denmark and Sweden. 85% of the members returned the questionnaire. 382 (80%) had answered the questions; 153 (40%) women, 228 (60%) men, and one case where the sex was not stated. The mean age was 48 years (SD 10). The male gynaecologists had a more liberal attitude towards hormone replacement therapy than their female counterparts, 43% of them recommending oestrogen for all women, compared to 31% of the female gynaecologists. The younger doctors were more restrictive in their recommendations but attitudes became more liberal the older the doctors were. Among gynaecologists over 55 years, 49% of males and 50% of females recommended oestrogen for all women. The final decision as to whether or not to take hormone replacement therapy was most often made by the patient herself (61%). The majority of both female (86%) and male (75%) gynaecologists considered risk factors for heart disease to be an indication for oestrogen. In perimenopausal women, 356 (93%) preferred oral cyclical oestrogen combined with progestagen, whereas in postmenopausal women 333 (87%) preferred to take oral oestrogen combined with progestagen continuously.

Adult↗