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PubMed1994

Intra-amygdala infusion of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist AP5 impairs acquisition but not performance of discriminated approach to an appetitive CS.

The present experiments investigated the effects of blocking glutamate transmission in the amygdala on the learning and subsequent performance of a discriminated approach response to food, as well as on locomotor activity and a test of neophobia to food. In the appetitive conditioning experiment, three separate groups of rats received intra-amygdala infusions of PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) or 1.0 or 3.0 nmol of AP5, an antagonist at the NMDA glutamate receptor subtype, immediately before each conditioning session. The effects of AP5 on the performance of the discriminated approach response were tested in a fourth group of animals. AP5 dose-dependently impaired the discriminated approach response during the acquisition of the stimulus-reward association but had no effect on the performance of this response after this association was learned. These results suggest that glutamate transmission in the amygdala at the NMDA glutamate receptor subtype is important in the learning process. In separate experiments, intra-amygdala AP5 increased locomotor activity and attenuated the neophobia to food in a novel environment by increasing approaches to the food. Together, these findings parallel the effects of lesions to the basolateral amygdala. In addition, the specific effects on learning are consistent with the hypothesis that NMDA-receptor-mediated LTP underlies specific forms of learning within the amygdala.

2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate↗
PubMed1994

The effects of pregnenolone on acquisition and retention of a food search task.

Two experiments were undertaken in which the effects of semichronic administration of the precursor steroid, pregnenolone, were examined in a food search task. In both experiments male rats were required to find a food reward in a designated hole in an arena with 16 equally spaced holes. Hormone administration began 8 days before the onset of training. Training was given on an every-other-day schedule for five sessions. Animals were deprived of food for 18 h before training or testing. Retention testing occurred 10 days after acquisition and this was followed by 2 days of training using a different hole for the reward. The two experiments differed only in the method of hormone administration. In one experiment the rats received an implanted (sc) slow release pellet containing pregnenolone before training. In the second experiment the animals received ip injections of pregnenolone sulfate before and during initial training and then had the slow release pellet implanted between acquisition and retention. Significant enhancement of retention was found during the middle trials of the retention test when the treated and control groups from the two experiments were combined. No differences were found during acquisition training in either experiment. On the first day of training the animals to find the reward in a new location, the group injected with pregnenolone sulfate and later implanted with pregnenolone slow-release pellets exhibited performance superior to that of their matched control group.

Animals↗