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Results for “Adrenocortical Hyperfunction”

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At least 1,693 records · Page 94Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Systemic availability of o,p'-DDD in normal dogs, fasted and fed, and in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism.

The systemic availability of o,p'-DDD was studied in 12 normal dogs and seven dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH). The drug was given by mouth at 50 mg kg-1 and plasma o,p'-DDD concentrations were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. First, six normal dogs were given the drug three times at intervals of one week in a Latin square pattern. Systemic drug availability was found to be very poor from intact tablets in fasted dogs, better with pure drug dissolved in maize oil given by stomach tube, and best with ground tablets mixed in oil poured on dog food. Then six normal dogs and five with PDH were given one dose of o,p'-DDD as intact tablets in dog food. Systemic drug availability was good in the normal animals and, for unknown reasons, better in dogs with PDH. The half-time of elimination was shorter in dogs with PDH than in normal ones. There was evidence of a gradual rise in plasma o,p'-DDD concentrations in seven dogs with PDH treated with 25 mg kg-1 every 12 hours for 14 or 20 days. The interaction between food and o,p'-DDD probably contributes to the variation in clinical response of dogs treated with the drug. The efficiency of therapy with o,p'-DDD should be improved considerably by administering the drug with food.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Use of x-ray-computed tomography as an aid in localization of adrenal masses in the dog.

Four dogs with clinical evidence of hyperadrenocorticism were evaluated by use of x-ray-computed tomography (CT). Adrenal masses were identified accurately and localized. Unilateral adrenal masses were diagnosed accurately in dogs 1, 2, and 3 and were removed surgically via a paracostal retroperitoneal approach to the adrenal gland. Using CT and IV contrast medium, the adrenal mass in dog 3 also was accurately diagnosed as being highly vascular. The histopathologic diagnosis was adrenal adenoma in dogs 1, 2, and 3. In dog 4, the CT-roentgen diagnosis was asymmetric bilateral adrenal enlargement. Necropsy examination of dog 4 indicated moderate enlargement of the left adrenal gland and severe enlargement of the right adrenal gland. Results of microscopic examination indicated chronic inflammation of the left adrenal gland and adenocarcinoma of the right adrenal gland. Use of CT facilitated localization of adrenal masses and fulfilled the needs of a localizing technique. A unilateral mass can be removed surgically via a limited exposure, retroperitoneal incision on the affected side of the animal instead of removal via abdominal laparotomy, which is more invasive. Advantages of CT can reduce the needs of other imaging modalities for the localization of adrenal masses.

Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

[Diagnosis and surgical tactics in stable arterial hypertension complicating nephroptosis].

An experience with the surgical treatment of 87 patients with different forms of stable arterial hypertension--vasorenal, nephrogenic, endocrinous-adrenal--has shown that every 5th patient has associated lesions. For the period from 1982 till 1983 the authors diagnosed hyperplasia of the adrenal in 5 of 22 patients having a stable arterial hypertension. When detecting pathological changes of adrenals in arterial hypertension against the background of nephroptosis it is expedient to perform an appropriate intervention on adrenals in addition to correction of the vasorenal component.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Interrelation of sex hormone-binding globulin and the androgen-estrogen balance in patients with hypercorticism].

The concentration of testosterone and estradiol in the blood plasma and the binding capacity of testosterone-estradiol binding globulin (TEBG) were studied in 30 women and 6 men with Icenko-Cushing's disease in the active phase and in 24 women with hormonally active adrenal tumors. In hypercorticism against a background of unchanged of lowered concentration of plasma estradiol there was a decrease in the concentration of testosterone and an increase in the testosterone-estradiol binding capacity (TEBC) in men and an increase in the concentration of testosterone and a decrease in TEBC in women. The authors have assumed that the testosterone/TEBC ratio reflects more accurately change in the dynamics of androgens than isolated concentrations of testosterone and TEBG, and recommended its determination for the assessment of the body androgenic saturation in disturbed function of the adrenal or sex glands.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Results of surgical treatment for hyperadrenocorticism caused by adrenocortical neoplasia in the dog: 25 cases (1980-1984).

Results of surgical treatment for neoplasia of the adrenal cortex that caused hyperadrenocorticism were evaluated in 25 dogs. Surgical examination of the adrenal glands was performed by use of a ventral midline approach in 24 dogs and a retroperitoneal approach in 1 dog. All 25 dogs had a unilateral, adrenocortical tumor. Histologic examination identified 14 adrenocortical carcinomas and 11 adenomas. Seven dogs with carcinoma had visible metastasis to the liver, 3 had local invasion into the caudal vena cava, and 1 had extension into the adjacent renal vein. Seven of the 9 dogs with metastasis were euthanatized at time of surgery. Of the remaining 18 dogs that survived surgery, 9 (4 with carcinoma and 5 with adenoma) developed serious postoperative complications including acute renal failure, pneumonia, and pulmonary artery thromboembolism; 8 of these dogs died or were euthanatized. Of the remaining 10 dogs, clinical signs associated with hyperadrenocorticism resolved in the 7 dogs that had adrenocortical adenoma and in 1 of the 3 dogs that had carcinoma. The remaining 2 dogs with carcinoma had persistent hyperadrenocorticism and were treated with high doses of mitotane. Although no response was observed in 1 dog with visible hepatic metastasis, a decrease in serum cortisol concentrations and resolution of clinical signs were detected in the other dog during prolonged daily administration of mitotane.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Phosphorus-calcium metabolism and calcium-regulating hormones in endogenous hypercorticism].

The authors presented the results of a study of the indices of phosphorocalcium homeostasis, metabolism of osseous tissue and calcium regulating hormones in 44 patients with Icenko-Cushing's syndrome with regard to severity of disease and expression of osteoporosis. It was shown that disturbances of phosphorocalcium homeostasis and an increase in the level of the parathyroid hormone were characteristic for the active stage of Icenko-Cushing's disease and were most noticeable in a severe course of disease accompanied by sharply marked osteoporosis. Hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, hypercalciuria, a decrease in phosphate maximum resorption and an increase in AP activity in the blood serum were revealed in this form of disease. Patients with the average gravity of disease and weakly pronounced osteoporosis were characterized by hypercalcemia and an increase in calcium intestinal absorption. Patients with the active stage of hypercorticism were characterized by hypermagnesemia. Secondary hyperparathyrosis was found in 25% of patients with the active stage of Icenko-Cushing's disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Quantitation of iodine-123 MIBG uptake by normal adrenal medulla in hypertensive patients.

Eighteen hypertensive patients with a clinical suspicion of pheochromocytoma and raised or borderline raised plasma catecholamine and urinary vanillyl mandelic acid (VMA) levels were studied by scintigraphy using 123I-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG). None of these patients had any scintigraphic evidence of pheochromocytoma at the time of study or on subsequent clinical follow-up. A quantitative approach was taken to calculate the adrenal medullary uptake of [123I]MIBG in these patients. Three different methods of quantitation were evaluated using data acquired from an anthropomorphic phantom and analysed by three independent observers. In the patient studies 34 out of 35 adrenal medullas were visualized with uptake in the range of 0.01-0.22% of the administered dose 22 hr postinjection which was calculated using the preferred quantitation method. This is an appropriate control group range for comparison with patients who have proven norepinephrine and epinephrine secreting tumors. A quantitative approach to [123I]MIBG imaging provides an important tool for studying adrenomedullary pathophysiology.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗