Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “drinking”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,675 records · Page 93Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Metering of fluid intake and determinants of ad libitum drinking in rats.

The contributions of homeostatis mechanisms to spontaneous drinking were assessed in a study of residual oral drinking under several conditions of exogenous water administration. Continuous and/or discontinuous infusiors were conducted for long periods with dry food present ad libitum. The routes of administration were intravenous (IV), intragastric (IG) through a nasopharyngeal catheter. All infusions reduced from noninfused levels, but the magnitude of that reduction was a function of both route and temporal characteristics. Continuous infusions were more effective via the IG route than IV, and a residual intake of about 10 ml/24 h presisted at even the highest infusion rates. Discontinuous meal-paired IV infusions suppressed mid- and postmeal drinking, consistent with the satisfaction of systemic needs induced by cry food intake. Meal-paired IG nasopharyngeal infusions competely suppressed drinking when the infusions exceeded base-line intake by only about 20%. In marked contrast, corresponding IG infusions through a direct fistula catheter were relatively ineffective. In all cases the decreases in drinking were not of a nonspecific nature beacuse food intake was unchanged. The discussion considers the different levels of metering involved and the time-varying (derivative) nature of the infusion if was suggested that there is a nonhomeostatic contribution to normal drinking.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Angiotensin does contribute to drinking induced by caval ligation in rat.

In small (0.5 mg/kg) subcutaneous doses, the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, greatly enhanced drinking in response to caval ligation in the rat. Drinking was not secondary to urinary water loss since the rats developed a substantial positive fluid balance. High (50 mg/kg) subcutaneous doses of captopril reduced drinking to a level below that following caval ligation alone. This effect could be mimicked by giving repeated intracerebroventricular injections of captopril (total amount 110 micrograms) to rats treated with the lower subcutaneous dose of captopril. With this combination, therefore, not only did the lower dose enhancement disappear, the basal caval ligation drinking response was also reduced with a total dose of captopril of less than 2% of the higher subcutaneous dose alone. These results show that, when conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II is prevented in the brain as well as systemically, drinking in response to caval ligation is reduced although not entirely prevented. The original report that such drinking is multifactorial, depending on angiotensin as well as nonangiotensin mechanisms, is confirmed.

Angiotensin I↗
PubMed1987

Acute suppression of plasma vasopressin and thirst after drinking in hypernatremic humans.

Drinking rapidly abolishes thirst and vasopressin secretion in dehydrated humans before major changes in plasma osmolality are observed. We studied the effects of drinking on plasma vasopressin and thirst in seven healthy volunteers rendered hypernatremic by the infusion of hypertonic (855 mmol/l) sodium chloride solution. Thirst was measured on a visual analogue scale (0-10 cm). Infusion of hypertonic saline caused linear increases in plasma osmolality (289 +/- 1 to 306 +/- 1 mosmol/kg, mean +/- SE, P less than 0.001), plasma vasopressin (0.6 +/- 0.2 to 6.4 +/- 1.9 pmol/l, P less than 0.001), and thirst (1.4 +/- 0.4 to 7.4 +/- 0.5 cm, P less than 0.001). Water was allowed 15 min after cessation of the infusion, and within 5 min of drinking both plasma vasopressin and thirst were significantly lower than postinfusion. After 20 min of drinking, plasma vasopressin had fallen from 6.5 +/- 0.9 to 1.3 +/- 0.3 pmol/l (P less than 0.001) and thirst from 7.7 +/- 0.5 to 1.0 +/- 0.2 cm (P less than 0.001) despite no significant change in plasma osmolality (306 +/- 0.9 to 304 +/- 0.8 mosmol/kg, P = 0.17), and the drinking of 1,200 +/- 60 ml of water, over 85% of the mean cumulative water intake in the 30-min drinking period. Control studies in the same subjects showed comparable rises in plasma vasopressin, plasma osmolality, and thirst during hypertonic saline infusion but no fall in any of these parameters during an equivalent 30-min period after the infusions, during which water was withheld.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Light-dark cycle modulates drinking to homeostatic challenges.

Both homeostatic and rhythmic variables are empirically and theoretically important controls of behavior. Yet, drinking behavior has been studied largely from one point of view or the other. The present study examined both homeostatic and rhythmic variables and found evidence for an important interaction of these two types of control of drinking behavior. The drinking rhythm of rats on a light-dark cycle was established. Water intake after cellular- or extracellular-related challenges was then measured both at a time of a peak and at a time of a trough of the drinking rhythm. The results indicate that rats drink more water after challenges in their early active phase than in their early inactive phase. The results demonstrate that rhythmic variables modulate the homeostatic controls of drinking behavior. The importance of the interaction of homeostatic and rhythmic variables in models of integrative control of behavior is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Role of the renin-angiotensin system in drinking of seawater-adapted eels Anguilla japonica: a reevaluation.

The role of ANG II, a potent dipsogenic hormone, in copious drinking of seawater eels was examined. SQ-14225 (SQ), an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, infused intra-arterially at 0.01-1 microgram. kg(-1). min(-1), depressed drinking and arterial blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition was accompanied by a small decrease in plasma ANG II concentration, which became significant at 1 microgram. kg(-1). min(-1). After the infusate was changed back to the vehicle, the depression of drinking and arterial pressure continued for >2 h, although plasma ANG II concentration rebounded above the level before SQ infusion. By contrast, infusion of anti-ANG II serum (0.01-1 microgram. kg(-1). min(-1)) did not suppress drinking and arterial pressure, although plasma ANG II concentration decreased to undetectable levels. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and plasma osmolality, which influence drinking rate in eels, did not change during SQ or antiserum infusions. These results suggest that the renin-angiotensin system plays only a minor role in the vigorous drinking observed in seawater eels. The results also suggest that the antidipsogenic and vasodepressor effects of SQ in seawater eels are not due solely to the inhibition of ANG II formation in plasma.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2005

Family history of cancer, its combination with smoking and drinking, and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

We analyzed the association between history of cancer in first-degree relatives and the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (SCCE) using data from three case-control studies conducted in Italy and Switzerland on 805 incident, histologically confirmed SCCE, and 3,461 hospital controls. The alcohol- and tobacco-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for a family history of esophageal cancer was 3.2 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.7-6.2], and the OR was higher when the affected relative was a brother or was diagnosed at age <55 years. Compared to subjects without family history of esophageal cancer, non-current smokers, drinking <49 drinks per week, the OR was 2.9 (95% CI, 1.1-7.5) for family history alone, 15.5 (95% CI, 11.7-20.5) for current smokers drinking > or = 49 drinks per week without family history of esophageal cancer, and 107.0 (95% CI, 13.0-880.2) for current smokers drinking > or = 49 drinks per week who also had a family history of esophageal cancer. The risk of SCCE was also increased in subjects with a family history of cancer of the oral cavity/pharynx (OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.5-9.0) and stomach (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.6), but not of other cancers, nor for a family history of any cancer (OR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.8-1.4). These data show that, as for many other epithelial cancers, the risk of SCCE is increased in subjects with a family history of the disease, and that--in Western countries--avoidance of alcohol and tobacco is also the best way to prevent SCCE in subjects with a family history of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Performance of the pictorial representation of illness and self measure in individuals with alcohol dependence, alcohol abuse or at-risk drinking.

BACKGROUND: The impact of chronic illnesses is not only influenced by one's physical functioning but also by its subjective importance to the individual's life. However, it is often difficult to asses such an impact in an appropriate way. PRISM (pictorial representation of illness and self measure) measures the perception of illness and first data on its validity have been published. The aim of the present study was to prove the applicability of PRISM regarding alcohol-dependent patients. Therefore, a comparison was made between alcohol-dependent patients, alcohol abusers and at-risk drinkers. METHOD: The sample consisted of 763 general practice patients, who scored above the cutoff in alcohol-related screening questionnaires. Of this sample, 330 were diagnosed as alcohol dependent, alcohol abusers (both according to DSM-IV) or at-risk drinkers. To prove the applicability, PRISM was put in context with the severity of alcohol dependence and the core constructs of the transtheoretical model of behavior change. RESULTS: PRISM was related to the severity of the drinking problem: the severer the drinking problem, the shorter the distance between self and illness. High correlations with aspects of alcohol consumption - such as adverse consequences from drinking, temptation to drink, and self-efficacy to abstain - were found. Concerning stages of change according to the transtheoretical model of behavior change, data show a significant difference in the self-illness separation between patients in the stage of contemplation compared to those in the precontemplation or action stage. CONCLUSIONS: The PRISM task is applicable to patients with alcohol use disorders. Within this group and in contrast to other chronic diseases, PRISM reveals a significant relationship not only to the severity of drinking, but also to the readiness to change one's drinking behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Lesions of the subfornical organ block angiotensin-induced drinking in the dog.

The role of the subfornical organ (SFO) in drinking caused by cellular dehydration and angiotensin was examined in the dog. Drinking responses to intravenous administration of angiotensin and to hypertonic NaCl were compared before and after electrolytic ablation of the SFO. After destruction of the SFO, drinking in response to angiotensin was 0.5 +/- 0.3 ml/kg compared to 11.9 +/- 3.7 ml/kg prior to lesioning. Drinking in response to hypertonic NaCl was not affected by lesioning the SFO (12.6 +/- 6.6 ml/kg before vs. 13.4 +/- 5.4 ml/kg after the lesion). Lesions superior or lateral to the SFO did not affect drinking in response to either angiotensin or hypertonic NaCl. These data show that the SFO is essential for drinking in response to blood-borne angiotensin but not to the stimulus of cellular dehydration in the dog.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed2002

Water drinking acutely improves orthostatic tolerance in healthy subjects.

BACKGROUND: Orthostatic symptoms and syncope are common, even in apparently healthy subjects. In patients with severe autonomic dysfunction, water drinking elicits an acute pressor response and improves orthostatic hypotension. We tested the hypothesis that water drinking also improves orthostatic tolerance in healthy subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS: In a randomized, controlled, crossover fashion, 13 healthy subjects (9 men, 4 women, 31+/-2 years) ingested 500 mL and 50 mL of mineral water 15 minutes before head-up tilt on two separate days. Finger blood pressure, brachial blood pressure, heart rate, thoracic impedance, and blood flow velocity in the brachial artery and the middle cerebral artery were measured. Orthostatic tolerance was determined as the time to presyncope during a combined protocol of 20 minutes of 60 degrees head-up tilt alone, followed by additional increasing steps of lower body negative pressure (-20, -40, and -60 mm Hg for 10 minutes each or until presyncope). Drinking 500 mL of water improved orthostatic tolerance by 5+/-1 minute (range, -1 to +11 minutes, P<0.001). After drinking 500 mL of water, supine mean blood pressure increased slightly (P<0.01) as the result of increased peripheral resistance (P<0.01). It also blunted both the increase in heart rate and the decrease in stroke volume with head-up tilt. Cerebral blood flow regulation improved after water drinking. CONCLUSIONS: Water drinking elicits an acute hemodynamic response and changes in cerebrovascular regulation in healthy subjects. These effects are associated with a marked improvement in orthostatic tolerance.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2003

Pressor effect of water drinking in tetraplegic patients may be a spinal reflex.

Water drinking elicits a profound sympathetically mediated pressor response in patients with autonomic failure. To further elucidate the mechanism of the response, we assessed the acute effect of drinking water on supine blood pressure and heart rate in 13 tetraplegic patients (12 men, 1 woman; 39+/-4 years of age; body mass index, 25+/-1 kg/m2) with complete spinal cord injury (C2 to C7). Heart rate and finger blood pressure were recorded continuously. Brachial blood pressure was measured every 5 minutes. Baroreflex sensitivity was assessed by the sequence method. Stroke volume was calculated by use of transthoracic bioimpedance. Patients were placed in the supine position with the upper body elevated by 15 degrees. After 30 minutes, supine patients ingested 500 mL of water and the following 60 minutes were monitored. Finger blood pressure at baseline was 123+/-8/65+/-4 mm Hg. Water drinking elicited a pressor response that was apparent within 5 minutes and reached a maximum of 138+/-8/73+/-4 mm Hg after 35 to 40 minutes (P<0.05). Heart rate decreased from 64+/-2 bpm at baseline to 60+/-2 bpm (P<0.001). The mean area under the curve for brachial systolic blood pressure changes differed significantly from zero (364+/-151 mm Hg/min). Total peripheral resistance increased by 15+/-4% (P<0.05). Baroreflex sensitivity increased from 18+/-5 ms/mm Hg at baseline to 23+/-6 ms/mm Hg at 35 minutes after water drinking (P<0.01). Water drinking elicits a pressor response even if the direct connection between brain stem cardiovascular centers and spinal sympathetic neurons is interrupted. This observation might suggest that water drinking activates postganglionic sympathetic neurons either directly or through a spinal reflex mechanism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Relationship of alcohol drinking pattern to risk of hypertension: a population-based study.

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a positive relationship between heavy alcohol use and hypertension, but few studies have directly addressed the role of drinking pattern. This study was designed to investigate the association of current alcohol consumption and aspects of drinking pattern with hypertension risk in a sample of 2609 white men and women from western New York, aged 35 to 80 years, and free from other cardiovascular diseases. Hypertension was defined by systolic blood pressure > or =140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure > or =90 mm Hg or use of antihypertensive medication. Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were computed after adjustment for several covariates. Compared with lifetime abstainers, participants reporting drinking on a daily basis (1.75 [1.13 to 2.72]) or mostly without food (1.64 [1.08 to 2.51]) exhibited significantly higher risk of hypertension. When analyses were restricted to current drinkers, daily drinkers and participants consuming alcohol without food exhibited a significantly higher risk of hypertension compared with those drinking less than weekly (1.65 [1.18 to 2.30]) and those drinking mostly with food (1.49 [1.10 to 2.00]), respectively. After additional adjustment for the amount of alcohol consumed in the past 30 days, the results were follows: 0.90 (0.58 to 1.41) for daily drinkers and 1.41 (1.04 to 1.91) for drinkers without food. For predominant beverage preference, no consistent association with hypertension risk was found across the various types of beverages considered (beer, wine, and liquor). In conclusion, drinking outside meals appears to have a significant effect on hypertension risk independent of the amount of alcohol consumed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in ambulation and drinking behavior related to stroke in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.

In order to elucidate the behavioral changes related to stroke, ambulatory activity and water drinking were observed in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Age matched male SHRSP and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were subjected to a 12 hour light and dark alternation cycle. Ambulation and drinking activity counts were determined simultaneously with an Ambulo-Drinkometer. Before stroke, ambulation and drinking activity counts in the dark phase (82%) were higher than those in the light phase (18%). Both parameters were well synchronized with the light and dark alternation cycle. With aging, daily ambulation decreased while daily drinking activity increased in SHRSP and WKY. Daily ambulation and drinking activity in 15 and 30 week old SHRSP were greater than those of WKY. It was demonstrated with an Ambulo-Drinkometer that SHRSP undergo specific behavioral changes before the onset of stroke. For instance, the 40-60 week old SHRSP showed significant individual variation in both ambulation and drinking activity. This desynchronization with the light and dark alternation cycle was followed by stroke. Twenty seven autopsies showed 11 cerebral infarctions, 10 cerebral hemorrhage and 6 cerebral hemorrhage with infarctions to be the causes of death.

Activity Cycles↗
PubMed2001

Risk of heavy drinking and alcohol use disorders in social phobia: a prospective analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The risks of heavy drinking and alcohol abuse/dependence were prospectively assessed among individuals with DSM-III social phobia and individuals with subclinical social phobia (irrational fear of social situations without significant impairment or avoidance). METHOD: The baseline interview for the Baltimore site of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area program was completed in 1981. Between 1993 and 1996 the original cohort was traced. Among the 1,161 individuals who did not have episodes of heavy drinking or current or prior alcohol abuse/dependence at baseline, logistic regression was used to assess the association of social phobia and subclinical social phobia with incident alcohol abuse/dependence and incident episodic heavy drinking. RESULTS: Among the 33 individuals with a DSM-III diagnosis of social phobia at baseline, only one developed heavy drinking by follow-up, and none developed alcohol abuse or dependence. Among the 84 individuals with a history of subclinical social phobia, the cumulative incidence rates of heavy drinking and alcohol abuse/dependence were 119 per 1,000 and 95 per 1,000, respectively. After adjustment for sex, age, race, education level, marital status, age at first alcohol intoxication, and history of other psychiatric or illicit drug use disorder, the estimated relative risk for heavy drinking among respondents with subclinical social phobia was 2.41, and the estimated relative risk for alcohol abuse/dependence was 2.30, relative to respondents without social phobia or subclinical social fears. CONCLUSIONS: The data may improve our understanding of the relationship of social phobia and risk for alcohol conditions, which may have important implications for preventive measures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The relations of anxiety sensitivity, experiential avoidance, and alexithymic coping to young adults' motivations for drinking.

The authors examined whether motivations for drinking alcohol are associated with the anxiety-related dispositional tendencies of anxiety sensitivity, experiential avoidance, and alexithymic coping. The authors administered the Anxiety Sensitivity Index, Experiential Avoidance Scale, 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Revised Drinking Motives Questionnaire, and a demographics questionnaire to 182 university drinkers. In multiple regressions, the dispositional factors significantly predicted the risky drinking motives of coping, enhancement, and conformity. Coping and enhancement motives were significantly predicted by experiential avoidance. Conformity motives were significantly and independently predicted by anxiety sensitivity and alexithymia. The process of experiential avoidance mediated the bivariate correlation between anxiety sensitivity and coping-motivated drinking to a greater extent than did the process of alexithymic coping. The authors discuss the observed relations in regard to the psychological functions of drinking behavior that may portend the development of heavy drinking and alcohol problems in dispositionally vulnerable individuals. They also review implications for refinements of behavior therapy for problem drinkers.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Drinking perceptions and management strategies of college students with diabetes.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was to explore how college students with diabetes perceive and manage alcohol consumption. METHODS: Fifteen college students with diabetes attending a large northeastern university participated in a single semistructured interview that focused on the impact of starting college on diabetes management and situational obstacles to diet-related self-care. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using the constant comparative method of analysis. RESULTS: Students perceived alcohol as a pervasive part of the university environment and felt strong peer pressure to drink in alcohol-related social situations. Students described 3 distinct drinking practices and identified factors that shaped decisions about drinking. Most students developed personal strategies to manage drinking, usually without guidance. CONCLUSIONS: Some of the students' strategies appeared reasonable for avoiding adverse outcomes of drinking; however, other strategies may have increased their risk of hypoglycemia or poor glucose control. More research is needed to understand how students' management strategies influence diabetes control and to explore how education and counseling from healthcare providers can improve students' management of drinking.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Social networks and college drinking: probing processes of social influence and selection.

This study used a three-wave panel design (N = 119 complete cases for all waves) to test for social influence and selection in the relation of college students' heavy drinking and that of their social networks. Evidence emerged for both social influence and selection, leading the authors to probe more specialized issues related to each. Results regarding social influence revealed, further, that greater presence in the network of individuals that the focal respondent considered "drinking buddies" was predictive of one's own later drinking, controlling for potential confounds. Network demographic characteristics associated with a "risky" (i.e., heavy-drinking) network also were documented. An additional finding, important for selection, was that wave-to-wave change in average network drinking appeared to result primarily from network members with different drinking levels being added to and dropped from the network. Findings are discussed in the context of the recent renaissance in social-network research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Peer and parent influences on smoking and drinking among early adolescents.

Social influences can promote or discourage adolescent substance use. The authors surveyed 4,263 sixth- to eighth-grade students to assess the effect of peer and parent influences on adolescent substance use. The authors conducted separate multiple logistic regression analyses for smoking and drinking, controlling for grade, sex, and race. Positive independent associations with smoking and drinking were found for direct peer pressure and associating with problem-behaving friends. Independent negative associations with smoking and drinking were also found for parent involvement, parent expectations, and parent regard. In an analysis of interactions, peer pressure was positively associated with drinking for girls but not for boys and problem-behaving friends was positively associated with drinking for both boys and girls. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that associating with deviant peers promotes and that authoritative parenting protects against smoking and drinking.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The epidemiology of drinking and driving: results from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1986. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Group.

Alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes result in thousands of deaths and serious injuries each year. For effective intervention in this problem, it is important to understand the epidemiology of "drinking and driving." To study this behavior, we analyzed the self-reports of 34,395 respondents in the 26 states conducting behavioral risk factor surveillance during 1986. An estimated 4.1% of the survey population and 7.2% of drinkers reported drinking and driving at least once in the month before the survey. In general, the prevalence of drinking and driving was highest among men, young adults, and divorced or separated persons. States with the highest prevalence of drinking and driving tended to cluster in the north-central region of the United States. In 15 states conducting surveillance from 1984 to 1986, the overall prevalence of drinking and driving changed little during this period. However, among persons less than 25-years old, the prevalence decreased. Efforts to deter drinking and driving are likely to reduce the number of motor vehicle crashes and should include both legal sanctions and greater public education about the dangers of this behavior.

Adolescent↗