Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Vision Screening”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,675 records · Page 93Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

A case of prosopagnosia following moderate closed head injury with left hemisphere focal lesion.

This study describes a left handed woman with prosopagnosia following traumatic brain injury with a focal lesion confined to the left-posterior hemisphere. Few cases of prosopagnosia following unilateral left hemisphere lesions have previously been reported in the literature. Corrected visual acuity was 20/70 (binocular), color vision was intact on screening, and shape detection was borderline. Impairments in higher order visual perception were evident to varying degrees on nonfacial tasks. Matching of unfamiliar faces was very slow but accurate. A marked impairment in the ability to recognize familiar faces and learn new face-name associations was evident on experimental tasks relative to the performance of healthy control subjects. In contrast, identification of characteristics of faces (gender, age) and identification and matching of facial expressions were relatively preserved. We discuss the cognitive processing stages that appear to be disrupted using Bruce and Young's (1986) model of facial recognition and perception as a framework.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Application of a geriatric evaluation protocol in primary care: comparison with data from the clinical history].

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of the health problems included in a multidimensional geriatric assessment (MGA) protocol and to compare them with the problems detected in the clinical histories (CH) of the population consulting at a primary care centre (PCC). DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational. SETTING: Urban PCC (metropolitan area of Barcelona). PATIENTS: Users > or = 65 of a PCC between 01/11/97 and 31/01/98. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A random sample of 114 people was chosen. The MGA protocol was used to screen disorders in: hearing, vision, mobility, affective state, cognitive state, social support, functionalism of the instrumental activities of daily life. The clinical histories provided age, sex and information previously recorded on these disorders. 102 people were surveyed (participation: 89.5%). The MGA enabled more problems to be detected, with the difference very marked in some cases such as visual disorders: 55.9% (46.2-65.5) with MGA and 23.5% (15.3-31.8) with CH. There was poor concordance between MGA and CH. For example, neither the 73.3% (54.1-87.7) of the hearing disorders detected with the MGA, nor 94.1% (71.3-99.8) of the cognitive deterioration detected with the MGA had been previously recorded in the CH. CONCLUSIONS: MGA detects more health problems than are normally recorded in primary care clinical histories, which makes this technique relevant to PC consultations with the elderly. However, it would be advisable to identify the population for whom there was better diagnostic performance.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Priorities among recommended clinical preventive services.

BACKGROUND: Many recommended clinical preventive services are delivered at low rates. Decision-makers who wish to improve delivery rates, but face competing demands for finite resources, need information on the relative value of these services. This article describes the results of a systematic assessment of the value of clinical preventive services recommended for average-risk patients by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. METHODS: The assessment of services' value for the U.S. population was based on two dimensions: burden of disease prevented by each service and cost effectiveness. Methods were developed for measuring these criteria consistently across different types of services. A companion article describes the methods in greater detail. Each service received 1 to 5 points on each of the two dimensions, for total scores ranging from 2 to 10. Priority opportunities for improving delivery rates were determined by comparing the ranking of services with what is known of current delivery rates nationally. RESULTS: The highest ranked services (scores of 7+) with the lowest delivery rates (< or =50% nationally) are providing tobacco cessation counseling to adults, screening older adults for undetected vision impairments, offering adolescents an anti-tobacco message or advice to quit, counseling adolescents on alcohol and drug abstinence, screening adults for colorectal cancer, screening young women for chlamydial infection, screening adults for problem drinking, and vaccinating older adults against pneumococcal disease. CONCLUSIONS: Decision-makers can use the results to set their own priorities for increasing delivery of clinical preventive services. The methods provide a basis for future priority-setting efforts.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Relapsing polychondritis presented as inner ear involvement.

We report a rare case of relapsing polychondritis with an initial symptom of inner ear involvement. This 53-year-old Japanese man experienced a hearing difficulty, tinnitus in both ears, and dizziness of sudden onset, but lacked auricular chondritis at that time, which is the most frequent finding in relapsing polychondritis. Thus it was difficult to reach a correct diagnosis. Steroid therapy, with oral prednisolone 15 mg daily, was effective. Almost two months after we began the steroid therapy, the patient complained of losing interest in his work and reported a hallucination vision on the TV screen, so the dose of prednisolone was decreased to 10 mg. The hallucinations then disappeared, but the serum level of C-reactive protein increased highly. To reduce the dose of prednisolone, we tried low-dose oral methotrexate. However, we had to discontinue it when the patient experienced severe vomiting and diarrhoea. As adjuvant therapy, we then administered Sho-saiko-to, Chinese herbal medicines with few side effects. Symptoms and laboratory abnormalities then improved markedly.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed2000

Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists and Royal Australian College of General Practitioners National GP Eye Skills Workshops: colleges and divisions reskilling general practice.

PURPOSE: Little formal eye skills training has historically been available to Australian general practitioners at undergraduate or postgraduate levels. The development of the National GP Eye Skills Workshop was a joint initiatve of the Royal Australian Colleges of General Practice and Ophthalmology, to enhance the skills of Australian general practitioners in a range of important ocular examination and procedural areas. METHODS: Workshops were run in eight Queensland Divisions of General Practice in 1998. Between two and 10 local ophthalmologists in each divisional area were involved ether in the workshop programme or in the recruitment of patients for the patient assessment module. Workshops were run on weekends and included modules on vision testing and disease screening in children and adults, ophthalmoscopy, assessment for glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy, incision of chalazions, removal of corneal foreign bodies, ocular first aid, implementing eye assessment in busy general practice, and a patient assessment clinic. A questionnaire was administered which was comprised of sections relating to the format of the workshop, new skills and concepts learnt, learning exceptions, and perception of future ability to treat/scan/assess for eye conditions in general practice. The questionnaire was completed by 91% of participants. RESULTS: Participants strongly supported the impact of the workshop on their ability to detect and treat eye problems in their practices, and refer where appropriate to an ophthalmologist. They also rated highly all individual aspects of the programme in terms of impact on their delivery of general practitioner eye care. CONCLUSIONS: The results illustrate the comprehensive success of the workshop programme in format, content, relevance and delivery.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

New Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test norms of normal observers for each year of age 5-22 and for age decades 30-70.

AIMS: To provide normative data for chromatic discrimination on the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test particularly for observers under 23 years of age. METHODS: Normal observers were screened for congenital colour vision deficiencies using the Ishihara test leaving 382 observers. RESULTS: New total error score (TES) norms (means and 95th percentiles) are presented for each year of age from 5-22 and for 10 year age groups from the 30s to the 70s. These norms are presented as actual values (TES) and also as square root values ( radical TES). Other data include partial error scores for red-green and blue-yellow axes discrimination. CONCLUSION: This study provides the most detailed set of normative data to date. The data are also in agreement with other reports of chromatic discrimination, showing that the performance in this task varies as a U-shape function with age, the best being achieved at 19 years of age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Visual screening of pre-school children.

In an attempt to reduce the incidence of persistent amblyopia and related disorders, routine screening of the visual function of pre-school children has been introduced in Ayrshire, the tests being carried out by orthoptists. A pilot study confirmed the feasibility of the screening. Under the definitive scheme, whose first three months' results are presented, the children are examined as near as possible to their homes and the average attendance rate has been 86%. Thirty-seven of 442 children were referred to an ophthalmic clinic with suspected abnormalities (only one of which was not confirmed) that had not been picked up by the GP or welfare clinic. It is concluded that visual screening of pre-school children is administratively feasible and welcomed by parents, and that it can detect abnormalities missed by traditional procedures-which according to these results may be more than half of the total.

Amblyopia↗
PubMed1968

New method of screening young children for defects in visual acuity.

The methods used at present for screening young children's vision have disadvantages, such as that the child's intelligence can affect the result. In a new method three white cards are used; these are printed with one, two, or three black blocks arranged so that if a child can correctly state the number of blocks at 6 metres the visual acuity is at least 6/9. When tested on 186 children the new method gave better results than conventional tests; eight children with defective vision were picked up only by the new method and none were missed.

Child↗
PubMed2001

[Glaucomas].

Glaucoma is a chronic optic neuropathy related to progressive loss of visual fibers. It can lead to complete blindness. There are several types of glaucoma: primitive open angle glaucomas, angle closure glaucomas, secondary glaucomas and congenital glaucomas. The diagnosis of the disease relies on the alterations of the visual field, the measure of intraocular pressure, the aspects of the optic disc and of the iridocorneal angle. As most of the glaucomas are asymptomatic, they often induce a severe loss of vision. Therefore, its systematic screening by ophthalmologists is mandatory.

Blindness↗
PubMed2000

Hypovolemic ischemic optic neuropathy.

BACKGROUND: Ischemic optic neuropathy refers to an acute event of ischemia, or decreased blood flow, to the optic nerve resulting in varying degrees of vision loss and visual field defects. Typically this disease affects the elderly population who experience systemic diseases that compromise the blood flow efficiency of the optic nerve head (e.g., giant-cell arteritis, hypertension, diabetes, etc.). However, cases of blood loss to the optic nerve, secondary to traumatic injuries or surgeries, have also been shown to result in ischemic optic neuropathy, regardless of age. It seems that in these cases, the resulting anemia and hypotension play contributing roles in the development of ischemic optic neuropathy. METHODS: A 41-year-old black man came to us with optic nerve head pallor O.S., count-fingers vision O.S., positive afferent pupillary defect O.S., and a central scotoma O.S. after being hospitalized and treated for a stab wound to his left neck that severed his left carotid artery at the bifurcation. RESULTS: This patient had been seen in the Optometry Clinic two years before the stab-wound incident. At that time, he had 20/20 vision in his left eye and no remarkable neurological deficits. His ocular presentation after the traumatic hypovolemic event was probably a direct result of the hypoperfusion to the left optic nerve head. This patient was diagnosed with a hypovolemic, or blood loss-related, ischemic optic neuropathy (O.S.). CONCLUSIONS: Patients who experience large amounts of blood loss due to trauma, surgery, internal bleeding, etc. and report vision loss should be screened for possible optic nerve ischemia. As eye care providers, when we are presented with patients who have optic nerve head atrophy, we should inquire about events that may have precipitated blood loss, potentially triggering ischemic optic neuropathy.

Adult↗