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Results for “Verbal Behavior”

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PubMed1983

Hostile words and assaultive behavior on an acute inpatient psychiatric unit.

This report analyzes the relationship of hostile verbalizations to assaultive acts committed by 110 male schizophrenic patients on an acute psychiatric unit. It was found that patients who were verbally assaultive and threatening also tended to be physically assaultive. Assaults rarely occurred in the absence of verbal threats or abuse, and 32 per cent of violent patients could be identified on the basis of the occurrence of hostile verbalizations.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

Effects of phenothiazines and social skills training in a withdrawn schizophrenic.

The effects of phenothiazines and social skills training on a severely withdrawn schizophrenic were examined. Regulation of phenothiazine levels had the result that the patient became more receptive to behavioral interventions. Specific application of a token economy program effected a marked improvement in the assertive training was employed to improve the patient's repertoire of ininterpersonal responses. Prior to actual hospital discharge the patient was faded back into his natural environment during a job retraining phase at Goodwill Industries. Specific data on the patient's improved social functioning are presented in a multiple baseline analysis. Follow-up data document the patient's successful adaptation of his natural enviroment.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Social appropriateness and impaired perspective in schizophrenia.

Self-ratings and judges' ratings of social appropriateness were obtained based upon videotaped role-enactments of schizophrenics (n = 16), mixed psychiatric controls (n = 16), and normal controls (n = 16) in mock social interactions. Schizophrenics were rated significantly lower on social appropriateness and were judged on semantic differential scales as showing greater deficiencies in social behavior. As predicted, impaired perspective among schizophrenics appeared to be limited to appraisals of self. Schizophrenics, like the comparison groups, were able to discriminate significantly between appropriate and inappropriate behavior of others. But unlike the comparison groups, schizophrenics rated their own behavior significantly higher in social appropriateness than did judges.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Impact of diagnosed depression and self-reported mood on mothers' control strategies: a longitudinal study.

Control strategies of 70 well and depressed mothers were assessed twice: when their children were of toddler age (Time 1) and, for 39 of the mothers, when their children were 5 (Time 2). At Time 1 well mothers were more direct with their children, using more direct commands and reprimands, and fewer explanations than depressed mothers. At Time 2 well mothers used fewer direct commands than depressed mothers. Self-reported negative mood preceding the interaction in well mothers was associated with decreased directness at Time 1 but increased directness at Time 2. At Time 1 depressed mothers' negative mood was associated with a decrease in the use of explanations. All mothers used more unclear commands and fewer reprimands and positive incentives with their 5-year-olds than when the children were toddlers. Depressed mothers, but not well mothers, increased their use of direct commands when the children were older. The findings are interpreted in the context of complex interplay between mother's diagnosis of depression, self-reported mood preceding the interaction, and the developmental level of the child.

Anger↗
PubMed1980

Behavioral comparisons of hyperactive and normally active children in natural settings.

Matched pairs of hyperactive and normally active children were observed in six natural classroom settings and a number of specific behaviors continuously recorded. Both groups of children showed differences in behavior as a function of settings (selected to vary in amount of external stimulation and structure), but only certain settings differentiated hyperactive from control children. Hyperactive children displayed significantly more noise-vocalization and more disruptive and off-task behavior in the most frequently observed (low stimulation) classroom settings (e.g., seat work). Type of off-task behavior (out-of-seat or visually off-task) depended upon amount of classroom structure (i.e., teacher- vs. self-directed). Results were discussed in terms of their implications for identification and treatment of hyperactive children through the modification of the antecedent conditions of stimulation and structure.

Attention↗
PubMed1984

Child variables influencing maternal speech style. Deaf and hearing children.

This study investigated maternal speech to age-matched and linguistically matched deaf and hearing 2-yr-old and 5-yr-old infants. Maternal speech features that were examined included complexity, selected utterance, and sentence types, repetitions, expansions, utterance acceptability, and fluency. Results revealed more significant differences in maternal speech to age-matched hearing and deaf children than to linguistically matched child groups. In addition, child deafness itself seemed to account for other characteristics of maternal speech, and their possible effects on the communicative development of the deaf child were discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2006

How nursing personnel judge patients' pain.

The study examined how nurses, student nurses, and nurse's aides judge patients' level of pain from five indicators: facial grimacing, maintenance of abnormal body position, restriction of movement, complaints about pain, and signs of possible depression. In Toulouse, France, 214 participants were presented with 48 vignettes describing an elderly patient suffering from osteoarthritis who showed various levels of these signs. The three most important factors in judging pain were the difficulty in making social contact with the patient, the patient's avoidance of changing position, and her avoidance of movements. The nurses put more emphasis on the difficulty in making social contact than did the student nurses and nurse's aides. In all groups, each sign of pain contributed independently and additively to the level of pain that the patient was thought to be experiencing.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Practice effects on speech production planning: evidence from slips of the tongue in spontaneous vs. preplanned speech in Japanese.

The present study addresses the question of how practice in expressing the content to be conveyed in a specific situation influences speech production planning processes. A comparison of slips of the tongue in Japanese collected from spontaneous everyday conversation and those collectedfrom largely preplanned conversation in live-broadcast TV programs reveals that, although there are those aspects of speech production planning that are unaffected by practice, there are various practice effects, most of which can be explained in terms of automatization of the processing of content, resulting in shifts in the loci of errors.

Choice Behavior↗
PubMed1997

Social perception in children with autism: an attentional deficit?

Research suggests that the attentional deficits found in children with autism may be related to impairments in social functioning (e.g., Courchesne et al., 1994a, 1994b; Lewy & Dawson, 1992; Schreibman & Lovaas, 1973). In the present investigation, 14 children with autism, 14 mentally handicapped, and 14 typically functioning children participated in a study designed to investigate the effects of number of social cues on the ability to interpret social situations. Participants were shown videotaped vignettes of child-child interactions in which the number of cues leading to the correct interpretation of the story varied from one to four (i.e., tone, content, nonverbal, or nonverbal with object). Subjects were then asked a series of questions which varied in degree of complexity. Overall, results indicated that children with autism performed as well as both groups of comparison subjects on general attention questions (i.e., identification of number and gender of interactants) and social perception questions relating to stories containing one cue. However, children with autism performed more poorly than both comparison groups on social perception questions relating to stories containing multiple cues. Results are discussed in terms of an attentional dysfunction hypothesis of autism.

Adolescent↗