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PubMed2006

[The study on biocompatibility of diamond-like carbon coated nickel-titanium shape memory alloy with osteoblasts cultured in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biocompatibility of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coated Nickel-Titanium shape memory alloy with osteoblasts cultured in vitro. METHODS: Rabbit's osteoblasts were incubated with DLC-coated Nickel-Titanium shape memory alloy disks and uncoated ones of equal size for 5 days. The control group (without shape memory alloy in culture media) was performed simultaneously. The cultured cells were counted and graphed. The samples from culture media were collected and the concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and nickel (Ni2+) were measured from the 1st to 5th day respectively. RESULTS: The proliferation of osteoblasts and the concentration of ALP in both DLC-coated group and control group was higher than uncoated group. The proliferation of osteoblasts on the 3rd, 4th, and 5th day in both DLC-coated group and control group was significantly higher than that in the uncoated group (P < 0.05). The concentration of ALP in DLC-coated group on the 2nd, 3rd, and 5th day and in the control group on the 3rd, 4th, and 5th day was significantly higher than that in the uncoated group (P < 0.05). The concentration of Ni2+ on the 3rd, 4th, and 5th day was significantly lower than that in the uncoated group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: DLC- coated Nickel-Titanium shape memory alloys appears to have better biocompatibility with osteoblast cultured in vitro compared to uncoated ones.

Alloys↗
PubMed2005

Radiological analysis of titanium mesh cages used after corpectomy in the thoracic and lumbar spine: minimum 3 years' follow-up.

This study analyses radiological outcome of titanium mesh cages used for anterior column support following corpectomy in the thoracic and lumbar spine in 34 patients with a minimum three-year follow-up. The aim of the study was to assess the complications and radiological outcomes of patients with structural cages implanted into the anterior column. Titanium mesh cages for the anterior column became popular for anterior column reconstruction following discectomy and corpectomy. Few clinical studies are published assessing their efficacy as a structural graft after corpectomy and factors for the development of settling and correction loss are not investigated enough. Thirty-four patients with minimum 3-year follow-up were analysed radiologically for correction achievement, cage settling and fusion inside the mesh cage. The effect of fixation technique, anatomical localisation and diagnosis for the development of settling were analysed. Measurements of preoperative and early postoperative local kyphotic angle revealed that a mean correction of 27 degrees (range: 8 to 60) was obtained. While no dislodgement or fracture of titanium mesh cages was observed, there was a mean correction loss of 4 degrees and settling (> 2 mm) was noted in 6 patients. Short posterior and only anterior instrumentation systems were associated with settling. The anatomical location and diagnosis did not affect the development of cage settling. Following corpectomy and mesh cage implantation, isolated anterior fixation or short posterior fixation do not provide enough stability, and correction loss and settling can occur.

Female↗
PubMed2006

Corrosion behaviour of a beta-titanium alloy.

The beta-titanium alloy, a particular type of titanium, has been investigated as a biomaterial because of its good mechanical performances and its high corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. This work focuses on the corrosion performance of a beta-titanium alloy of composition Ti-11Mo-2V-4Nb-3Al in Hank's physiological solution. Potentiodynamic tests were performed from -0.25 V to 3.5 V; the breakdown potential was not reached. To observe the behaviour of the alloy while submitted to long-term aggressive conditions, 1, 4 and 8 cycles of cyclic polarization were carried out. Results show a high resistance of the alloy to corrosion and a stabilization of the surface after several corrosion cycles. Pitting was not observed and a fast ability of the surface to repassivate was noticed. The surface was characterized by different techniques before and after corrosion testing. Following the corrosion tests, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) showed the presence of calcium and phosphorus, an increase of the oxide layer was measured by Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), a relatively smooth surface was visualised by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and contact-angle measurements showed that the surface energy increased.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A histomorphometric comparison of the bone graft-titanium interface between interpositional and onlay/inlay bone grafting techniques.

PURPOSE: To analyze the bone graft-implant interface of titanium microimplants (MIs) placed at the time of bone grafting or after a healing period of 6 months and retrieved after another 6 to 14 months of healing. Integration of MIs placed in interpositional bone grafts (IBGs) in conjunction with a Le Fort I osteotomy was compared with the integration of those placed in onlay/inlay bone grafts (OBGs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The severely atrophied edentulous maxillae of 23 patients (14 women, 9 men) were restored with autogenous bone grafts (either IBG [n=8] or OBG [n=15]) and titanium implants. Six-month periods were allowed between grafting, implant placement, and abutment connection. The bone-implant interface was studied histologically with the use of unloaded titanium MIs. RESULTS: Sixty-eight MIs were either (1) placed simultaneously with grafting and retrieved after 6, 12, or 14 months or (2) placed after 6 months of healing and retrieved after another 6 to 8 months. Histomorphometry indicated equal degrees of osseointegration for the 2 intraoral reconstruction techniques when looking at bone-implant contact, bone area in threads, and newly formed bone (NFB) (Student t test for unpaired observations). There was a significant difference between simultaneous and delayed implant placement with respect to BIC and NFB (Student t test for paired observations). Three additional MIs placed in the nongrafted residual alveolar ridge and retrieved after 6 months showed significantly more bone in threads and NFB (Student t test for paired observations; P = .003 and P = .009, respectively) compared to MIs placed at graft placement (6 months' healing). DISCUSSION: Timing of implant placement appeared more important than healing time or surgical technique. The delayed approach resulted in better implant integration, probably because of the initial revascularization of the graft. CONCLUSIONS: Implant integration was similar in the IBG and OBG groups. Placement of MIs after an initial healing period of 6 months resulted in better integration than placement simultaneously with grafting.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Reconstruction of caprine mandibular segmental defect by tissue engineered bone reinforced by titanium reticulum.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of using natural poritos as scaffolds in bone tissue engineering (TE) and repair of caprine mandibular segmental defect with titanium reticulum reinforced. METHODS: Natural poritos with a pore of 190-230 microm in size and porosity of about 50percent-65percent was molded into the shape of granules 5 mm x 5 mm x 5 mm in size. Expanded autologous caprine marrow mesenchymal stem cells were induced by recombinant human morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP2) to improve osteoblastic phenotype. Then marrow derived osteoblasts were seeded into poritos in density of 4 x 10(7)/ml and incubated in vitro for 48 hours prior to implantation. Then osteoblastic cells/poritos complexes were implanted into mandibular defect and the defect was reinforced by titanium reticulum. Implantation of poritos alone acted as the control. Bone regeneration was assessed 4, 8, 16 weeks after implantation using roentgenographic analysis and histological observation was done after 16 weeks. RESULTS: New bone could be observed histologically on the surface and in the pores of natural coral in all specimens in the cell-seeding group, whereas in the control group there was no evidence of osteogenesis process in the center of the construction. The results showed that new bone grafts were successfully restored 16 weeks after implantation. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests the feasibility of using porous coral as scaffold material transplanted with marrow derived osteoblasts by TE method. By means of titanium reticulum reinforcement, mandibular defect could be successfully restored. It shows the potentiality of using this method for the reconstruction of bone defect in clinic.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Reconstruction of maxillary defects combination with pedicled buccal fat pad graft, temporalis myofascial flap and titanium mesh].

OBJECTIVE: To study the feasibility of close and three-dimensional reconstruction of maxillary defects combination with pedicled buccal fat pad graft, temporalis myofascial flap and titanium mesh. METHODS: Among 11 patients with maxillary tumors, 9 were malignant and 2 were benign. 8 cases underwent subtotal maxillectomy and 3 cases underwent total maxillectomy. Maxillary defects were closely reconstructed combination with pedicled buccal fat pad graft (BFP), temporalis myofascial flap (TMF) and titanium mesh to restore the profile of maxilla. RESULTS: All flaps were alive with satisfactory function and aesthetic appearance. The uncovered BFP and the facial muscle surface of TMF epithelialized within 4-6 weeks. Their degree of mouth opening ranged from 2.5 to 4.0 cm and without nasal foods return. All patients had a good voice quality. CONCLUSION: Making use of BFP, TMF and titanium mesh can restore the good contour and function of maxillary. It is an effective method of reconstruction of maxillary defects, and is easy to manipulate. It is worthy to popularization.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2006

[A cross sectional study of titanium plates surface-treated with anodic oxidation].

It is an important modern trend to try to modify the surface properties of titanium implants with titanium oxide produced in various ways. One possibility of surface modification is the formation of an oxide layer by heat and electric treatment. The authors examined three osteosynthesis plates treated with anodic oxidation of Hungarian development. 5-10 microm thick slides were made of the plates in several cross sectional planes with a special cutting-grinding technique and were examined under a microscope with various magnifications. In the study it was seen that the surface of the basic metal was covered with a continuous oxide layer in all the cross sectional planes. No material faults were discovered on the surface. The thickness of the surface layer in various regions was found to be changing in the nm range, which coincides with the results of other studies. It was proven in the study by using the surface modification technique in part developed by the authors a passivating layer was formed on the surface of titanium, which separates it from the human organism.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed2005

[Experimental research of biological inertness of nickel-titanium alloy with memory of the form].

Research was conducted on 26 adult outbred male and female mice, which were implanted with nickel-titanium wire in the paravertebral zone. The tissues surrounding the implants were studied macroscopically and histologically 2-8 months after the implantation. It was found that the morphological changes of tissues after nickel-titanium wire implantation were detected by microscopical study at the time intervals greater than 2 months after the operation. They included the formation of a thin connective tissue capsule in close vicinity to the implant. No signs of reactive changes in the distant tissues and organs were detected. It is concluded, that the nickel-titanium alloy possesses high degree of biological inertness and may be used for making fixating devices with the memory of mechanical shape that are employed in cranioreconstructive surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Repairing large perforation of nasal septum with titanium membrane and local pedicled mucoperiosteum flap].

OBJECTIVE: To study a new treatment to repair large perforation of nasal septum with medical titanium membrane and local padicled mucoperiosteum flap. METHOD: The bottom mucoperiosteum of nasal cavity around the perforation of nasal septum were separated from the bone surface except with the margin part of perforation. Then the distal part of mucoperiosteum flap was incised and turn over to cover the perforation, free edge of the flap was sutured to secure immobilization. Finally, the Titanium membrane was cut to the right size to tuck into subperiosteal pocket around the perforation, and was sutured to the mucoperiosteal for added immobilization. RESULT: The perforations of nasal septum in 11 patients were closed satisfactorily. Perforation of nasal septum did not recur and the follow-up time ranged from half a year to 1 year. CONCLUSION: Titanium membrane is easy of application, and has good tissue tolerance. In our study, it is a good material to repair large perforation of nasal septum.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Effects of different polishing methods on surface roughness of pure titanium castings].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of different polishing methods on surface roughness of pure titanium castings. METHODS: 35 pure titanium castings were devided into 7 groups, used for control, mechanic polishing and electrolytic polishing, respectively. Surface roughness (Ra value) of each castings was measured with a profilometer. Surface microstructure was studied by a scaning electron microscopy, and the weight loss (Wt%) and height loss on unit area (H) before and after polishing was calculated. RESULTS: The effects of mechanic polishing with aluminium oxide or chromium oxide were acceptable. Surface smoothness was improved with acid treatment followed by electrolytic polishing. CONCLUSION: Aluminium oxide and chromium oxide can be used in mechanic polishing of pure titanium castings, and improvement should be made on electrolytic polishing methods.

Aluminum Oxide↗
PubMed2006

A novel titanium wound chamber for the study of wound infections in pigs.

In the face of emerging multidrug-resistant microbes, reliable animal models are needed to study potential new therapies in infected wounds. To this end, we implanted screw-top titanium chambers subdermally in full-thickness wounds on both flanks (n = 6 per flank) of 2 Goettinger minipigs. After 1 wk, chambers were inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or vehicle only. Throughout the study, wound fluid was harvested for quantitative bacterial cultures to monitor infection. Animals were followed for 4 wk, after which tissue biopsies were taken for histologic analysis and quantitative bacterial counts. The implanted titanium chambers were well tolerated by the pigs throughout the study. After inoculation of the chambers, wound infection was established and maintained for 14 d. Despite infection, no systemic effects were noted. Cross-contamination was negligible, compared with the vehicle-only control. After tissue ingrowth, each chamber creates a closed system that allows harvest of exudate or application of substances without loss of material from the chamber. Because 12 chambers are implanted in each pig, researchers have the opportunity to compare multiple treatment options (for example, antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides, gene therapy) in the same animal, with no interindividual variation. We conclude that the use of titanium chambers in pigs provides a reliable and reproducible in vivo model to investigate wound healing, wound infection, and treatment options.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An in vitro evaluation of titanium, zirconia, and alumina procera abutments with hexagonal connection.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the precision at the implant interface of titanium, zirconia, and alumina Procera abutments with a hexagonal connection for single-tooth restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty Procera abutments were produced with commercially pure titanium, 20 with zirconia, and 20 with alumina using computer-assisted design and manufacture (CAD/CAM). The rotational freedom of the abutments was assessed to detect the precision of fit of each abutment on the top of the implant hexagon. RESULTS: Significant differences relative to rotational freedom were found between groups: the titanium group and the zirconia group did not differ significantly, but both demonstrated significantly smaller mean rotational freedoms than the alumina group (P < .05). Rotational freedom was less than 3 degrees for all abutments. CONCLUSIONS: The hexagonal misfit of the Procera abutment on the implant hexagon may be implicated in screw joint loosening. In the present study, all types of CAD/CAM Procera abutments consistently showed less than 3 degrees of rotational freedom in a situation where the abutment was connected to an implant by a hexagonal external connection.

Aluminum Oxide↗
PubMed2006

Bone response to titanium implants coated with thin sputtered HA film subject to hydrothermal treatment and implanted in the canine mandible.

Hydroxyapatite (HA) was coated onto titanium implants using radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The HA films were crystallized in an autoclave tube using low temperature hydrothermal treatment. The average film thickness on the implant was 1.1 microm. HA-coated and pure-titanium implants were inserted into canine mandibles for up to 24 weeks. Forty-eight implants were placed in eight beagles. After 2, 4, 12 and 24 weeks, implants were retrieved and prepared for histological observation, and the HA film thickness was determined using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Light microscopy revealed that, after two weeks, the bone response to the HA-coated implants was much better than to the pure titanium implants, and osteoblasts were observed at the bone-implant interface. After four weeks, the screw threads of the HA-coated implants were almost completely covered with bone. The HA film thickness rapidly decreased up to four weeks of implantation, then gently decreased, reaching 0.40+/-0.03 microm at the upper region of the implant after 12 weeks. That indicates that about 80% of the HA film had dissolved after 12 weeks of implantation. The rate of decrease in the HA film thickness was greater with increasing implant depth.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Insertion procedure, aftercare, and soft-tissue reaction of the 2.5-mm titanium tube system for a transcutaneous air conduction hearing aid system.

The term transcutaneous air conduction hearing aid system designates a new category of hearing devices established by the U.S Food and Drug Administration in 2002. The only product included in this category is the RetroX device manufactured by Auric Hearing Systems, Rheine, Germany. This device consists of two components: a titanium tube system for sound conduction and a hearing processor. The component implanted in the soft tissue of the outer ear is the titanium tube system, for which the outer diameter of the central part has recently been reduced. Both the implantation tools and the tube system itself have been optimized over the last few years with regard to shape and function, thus effectively reducing the surgery involved to a kind of "functional body piercing" procedure. As a result of this, the time required for implantation has been minimized, as has the duration and severity of postoperative soft-tissue reaction. Complications may be avoided by correct positioning and proper mounting of the tube system in the outer ear, comprehensive patient counseling, and scheduled aftercare. One key objective is to ensure that the soft-tissue channel in which the titanium tube is implanted heals without any inflammatory reaction.

Device Approval↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Trabecular bone response to titanium implants with a thin carbonate-containing apatite coating applied using the molecular precursor method.

PURPOSE: The influence of thin carbonate-containing apatite (CA) coating on the trabecular bone response to titanium implants was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thin CA coatings were deposited by a new method known as the molecular precursor method. Using a precursor solution composed of an EDTA-calcium complex, a CA film was deposited on the titanium surfaces. Uncoated and CA-coated titanium were placed in the trabecular bone of the left and right femoral condyles of 16 rabbits. After implantation periods of 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, the bone-implant interface was evaluated histologically and histomorphometrically. RESULTS: Histologic evaluation revealed new bone formation around the uncoated and CA-coated implant surfaces after only 4 weeks of implantation. After 12 weeks, mature trabecular bone surrounded all implants. At 4 and 8 weeks of implantation, no difference existed in bone contact between uncoated and CA-coated implants. After 12 weeks of implantation, the CA-coated implant group showed a significantly higher percentage of bone contact than the uncoated implant group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that thin CA coatings applied using the molecular precursor method showed greater bone-to-implant contact during the healing phase than uncoated controls. The results were similar to those observed with implants with calcium phosphate coatings deposited with a physical vapor deposition technique.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Titanium hip implants for improved magnetic resonance and computed tomography examinations.

The value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for assessment of the hip has been demonstrated, particularly in cases of avascular necrosis. Magnetic resonance imaging can be used to provide anatomic evaluation of the femoral head, acetabulum, hip joint, joint fluid, and the surrounding structures. MR examinations of two patients with hip fractures fixed with stainless steel hip implants were compared with nine patients with hip fractures fixed with titanium hip implants, one of which showed avascular necrosis of the femoral head. The titanium implants resulted in less MRI artifacts, allowing for improved depiction of the femoral head and surrounding soft tissue. For this reason titanium fixation devices are recommended as a substitute for stainless steel in the hip joint region in a patient who may need future MR examination.

Bone Nails↗
PubMed1991

Immediate implantation of a pure titanium implant into an extraction socket: report of a pilot procedure.

The conventional osseointegration protocol calls for waiting up to 12 months for ossification of an extraction socket to heal before placing an endosseous implant. In this study the possibility of placing a pure titanium implant directly into an extraction socket immediately after extraction was investigated. A pure titanium Nobelpharma 10-mm implant was placed into a central incisor extraction socket of a stump-tailed monkey and allowed to heal for a period of 6 months, followed by functional loading of the implant. The implant was osseointegrated on a clinical and histological level. This pilot study suggests that pure titanium implants have the potential to integrate when placed immediately after extraction of the teeth and warrants further investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[The species of titanium in natural water].

The species of titanium in natural water was studied. Sample was filtered with a paper filter and a 0.45 micron membrane filter. The content of titanium in each case was determined by polarography proposed by Li, et al. It was found that the main species for all the tested samples was of the particle form. A supernatant of a river water sample was taken to study the effect of pH on the distribution of titanium species. It was found that pH was an important factor for species distribution. At pH1-2, the particle will change into the dissolved form in a short time; at pH 6-8, the dissolved form will change into the particle form in several days.

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration↗