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PubMed2004

Role of atrial natriuretic peptide in pulmonary permeability and vasoregulation in ovine sepsis.

OBJECTIVE: Atrial natriuretic peptide is regarded as an important regulator of pulmonary vasomotor tone and permeability. This study investigated the role of atrial natriuretic peptide in sepsis-associated pulmonary pathophysiology. DESIGN: Prospective experimental investigation. SETTING: Laboratory at a university hospital. SUBJECTS: Twelve awake, chronically instrumented sheep. INTERVENTIONS: The sheep were instrumented with lung lymph fistulas and received a continuous infusion with live Pseudomonas aeruginosa for 48 hrs. After 40 hrs, the atrial natriuretic peptide-receptor antagonist HS-142-1 was continuously infused in the HS-124-1 group (3 mg/kg/hr, n = 6) for 8 hrs, whereas the control group received the carrier (n = 6). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Lung lymph flow was markedly elevated in response to sepsis after 40 hrs in both groups. Atrial natriuretic peptide-receptor blockade further increased lymph flows by 41 +/- 17% (41 hrs) up to 64 +/- 20% (44 hrs, p < .05) in the presence of normal permeability to protein. Although mean pulmonary artery pressure increased (p < .05 vs. 40 hrs), capillary pressure remained unaffected. Despite identical fluid balances in both groups, cardiovascular filling variables significantly increased in the HS-142-1 group. This was associated with increasing cardiac index and mean arterial pressure (p < .05 vs. 40 hrs). In the control group, all variables remained constant between 41 and 48 hrs. CONCLUSION: Blockade of atrial natriuretic peptide receptors increases pulmonary transvascular fluid flux independent of changes in permeability to protein in chronic ovine sepsis. Atrial natriuretic peptide may therefore play a protective role for the alveolar-capillary barrier during sepsis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Recent experience with mites in stored products].

The A.A. refer a recent experience about the isolation and identification of same species of storaged timber mites. They believe that these mites are responsible of dermatitis at the trunk and the arms of timber workers. Mites are the most elderly living species on the earth, they can live and grow in different environments, such as plants, flowers, animals, men, earth, lake and sea waters, organical rubles, houses, mattresses, old books etc. There are free-living, saprophitic, parasitic and predator mites. Generally, primary mites live either freely or as commensals feeding on conserved foodstuff and on what they find available. Secondary mites, i.e. parasites and predators, live off primary mites and insects infesting foodstuff. Direct damage to foodstuff are not to be considered important, whereas indirect damages are more serious, due to the contamination of bodies and stools of mites that are rich in nitrogen. Some secondary mites may attack foodstuff workers causing characteristic dermatitis: they can act either directly, by sting and bites, or indirectly, provoking on allergic hypersensitivity. In this study the A.A. used the floating method to isolate timber mites, and then, these have been photographed at the microscope to obtain an easier and more complete identification. The A.A. describe a heterogeneous fauna consisting of both adult and larval-status insects, some species of free-living mites (Oribatula Tibialis) and, in particular, of two species secondary mites, predator, belonging to the Prostigmata sub-order. The Cheyletus Eruditus (Cheylatidae family) is a whitish mite feeding mostly on insect larva and primary mites living in foodstuff. When no prey is available, the Cheyletus Eruditus eats individuals of its own species. The Pyemotes Herfsi (Pyemotidae family) is a little white mite feeding on insect larva. It lives in conserved foodstuff and may attack man causing characteristic dermatitis such as those described by the A.A. The A.A. conclude dealing with the possible preventive and therapeutic measures tend to keep phisic-chemicals parameters of foodstuff and others conserved products afar from the values suitable for the growth of parasites (water content min. 13%, environmental humidity min. 60-65%, appropriate temperature etc.). Therapeutic procedure are based either on physical media: infra-red rays, gamma-rays, electric fields for the transformation of temperature or using chemical mixtures containing methyl bromide, carbon tetrachloride and hydrogen sulphide. Among the therapeutic procedures, however, the biological pest control using chemical media associated with antagonist mites of the infesting species is to be preferred.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Narrative skills of children with communication impairments.

BACKGROUND: Narrative assessment is sensitive to the communication impairments of children with specific language impairment and those with autistic spectrum disorders. Although both groups of children tend to show deficits in narrative, it is unclear whether these deficits are qualitatively different and how language and pragmatic ability may impact on narrative competence. Comparing these two groups of children with children who exhibit pragmatic language impairment without autism may help to clarify these issues. AIMS: This study explored the relationship between structural language ability and pragmatic competence in narrative in children with communication impairments and typically developing children. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Diagnostic status was determined using the Children's Communication Checklist. All children were asked to generate a narrative to the wordless picture book Frog, Where are You? (Mayer 1969). Narratives were analysed according to their global structure, local linguistic structure and the child's ability to provide evaluative comments, especially about mental or emotional states. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: No group differences were seen in global structure or evaluation. Children with specific language impairment and autistic disorder made more syntactic errors, and children with autism were significantly more likely to provide ambiguous references in the story. No significant relationships were evident between the Children's Communication Checklist and narrative measures. The complexity of language used was related to evaluation in the clinical groups. CONCLUSIONS: Narrative is a good way of assessing linguistic ability in older children with communication impairments. Core language abilities rather than pragmatic skill or diagnostic status are likely to influence narrative development.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1994

[The effect of marriage on mental health. Dr. Djordje Natosević: psychological aspects of marriage].

Dr. Dorde Natosević (1821-1887), our famous physician, health educator and reformer of the educational system, published an article "Marriage in regard to psyche" in the 111, book of the Chronical of Matica Srpska in 1866. In his article he consider the influence of both married and unmarried life on mental health of men and women. He gives advice: when, how and with whom one should and with whom one should not get married. His special interest were unmarried women and he gave numerous advice about making there lives more beautiful and interesting. Some of these references are actual even these days.

Female↗
PubMed1997

[Geriatrics on the internet].

National and international data networks for data transfer and communication are playing an increasingly important role in science and medicine. These networks already exist on a regional, national and international scale. The biggest international network, the Internet, offers more than 300 sites referring to "aging", which lead to a great number of other related pages. The access to the Internet and some examples of the information on aging available are presented here. This is to give the reader an impression of the present state of this worldwide data network, which may be useful for his professional use. At this stage, the author has the impression that conventional media such as journals, books and especially personal contacts are still sufficient to satisfy the need for professional information, and opinion that may well have to be reconsidered soon. In view of the future, however, it seems useful for medical societies to be represented on the Internet as soon as possible.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Homozygosity mapping of the Achromatopsia locus in the Pingelapese.

Achromatopsia, or total color blindness (also referred to as "rod monochromacy"), is a severe retinal disorder characterized clinically by an inability to distinguish colors, impaired visual acuity in daylight, photophobia, and nystagmus. Inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, achromatopsia is rare in the general population (1:20,000-1:50,000). Among the Pingelapese people of the Eastern Caroline Islands, however, the disorder occurs at an extremely high frequency, as recounted in Oliver Sacks's popular book The Island of the Colorblind: 4%-10% of this island population have the disorder and approximately 30% carry the gene. This extraordinary enrichment of the disease allele most likely resulted from a sharp reduction in population in the late 18th century, in the aftermath of a typhoon and subsequent geographic and cultural isolation. To obtain insights into the genetic basis of achromatopsia, as well as into the genetic history of this region of Micronesia, a genomewide search for linkage was performed in three Pingelapese kindreds with achromatopsia. A two-step search was used with a DNA pooling strategy, followed by genotyping of individual family members. Genetic markers that displayed a shift toward homozygosity in the affected DNA pool were used to genotype individual members of the kindreds, and an achromatopsia locus was identified on 8q21-q22. A maximal multipoint LOD score of 9.5 was observed with marker D8S1707. Homozygosity was seen for three adjacent markers (D8S275, D8S1119, and D8S1707), whereas recombination was observed with the flanking markers D8S1757 and D8S270, defining the outer boundaries of the disease-gene locus that spans a distance of <6.5cM.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed2001

[Ancient Indian and Chinese medical oaths and the comparison of their medical rules].

The art of medicine has existed on earth since the existence of mankind. Although the traditions and practices may vary, the mere intention has been to help people remain healthy and restore their health when they get sick. Since health is man's most important fortune, the medical profession has always been open to abuse or misuse. To prevent this, it came to be a tradition to bound health care professionals with oaths and codes. This article examines medical oaths and codes in two different Eastern traditions, namely China and India. Two different medical oaths from two major ancient Indian medical books, Charaka Samhita and Susuruta will be addressed and elaborated. They will be compared and contrasted with each other and their commons and differences from the other medical oaths will be examined. Chinese medical codes, one from the 7th and the other from the 17th century are reviewed in the article. It has appeared from the discussion that although there are some 'unchangeables' in the codes and oaths, like the reference to some sacred or transcendental being or commitment to show respect to the teachers, there are differences due to the time and place. It is also interesting to note how medical practice and its values are influenced by the respective society.

China↗
PubMed1989

Resource Letter ETC-1: extraterrestrial civilization.

This Resource Letter provides a guide to the literature about intelligent life beyond the human sphere of exploration. It offers a starting point for professionals and academics interested in participating in the debate about the existence of other technological civilizations or in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI). It can also serve as a reference for teaching. This Letter is not intended as an exhaustive bibliography, but several extensive bibliographies have been cited. The letter E after an item indicates elementary, nontechnical material of general interest to persons becoming informed in the field. Intermediate level material, of a somewhat more specialized nature, is indicated by the Letter I. The annotation A indicates advanced, technical material. An asterisk (*) precedes items to be included in an accompanying Reprint Book.

Astronomical Phenomena↗
PubMed1989

The vertical file enters the electronic age.

Vertical files are revered institutions in many libraries. The reference staff at the Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library at the University of Utah automated their vertical file and made the information in it accessible via the Library's Integrated Library System. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) were applied to vertical files and simple records leading to them were entered in the Library's online catalog. Electronic access to the vertical file increases the availability of concepts too new to be in medical books and permits the Library to meet the needs of lay patrons searching for basic information on popular health care topics.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1983

RIPS: a UNIX-based reference information program for scientists.

A set of programs is described which implement a personal reference management and information retrieval system on a UNIX-based minicomputer. The system operates in a multiuser configuration with a host of user-friendly utilities that assist entry of reference material, its retrieval, and formatted printing for associated tasks. A search command language was developed without restriction in keyword vocabulary, number of keywords, or level of parenthetical expression nesting. The system is readily transported, and by design is applicable to any academic specialty.

Books↗
PubMed1993

Housing and supports for persons with mental illness: emerging approaches to research and practice.

OBJECTIVE: An approach referred to as "supported housing," based on principles of consumer choice, integrated community housing, and flexible services, is replacing residential treatment facilities for persons with psychiatric disabilities. To improve understanding of the new approach, its evolution, and issues involved in its implementation, this paper reviews studies of the effectiveness of traditional housing programs and early reports of the development of supported housing programs. METHODS: A data base of more than 4,000 journal articles and book chapters published over the past 15 years was searched; both research studies and policy analyses were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Because of national and state policy shifts toward supported housing and growing evidence that both consumers and their families favor this new approach, supported housing models appear to be increasingly replicated throughout the U.S. Innovative financing strategies, such as forming coalitions to develop housing or creating capital funds, have been implemented. Results from studies of established programs indicate that support services for consumers should include working with individuals to formulate their housing and support goals; financial assistance in acquiring long-term stable housing; help in searching for an apartment and moving; assistance in managing money and participating in leisure activities; assistance with medication; ongoing monitoring of needs; crisis support; and peer support. Future research should focus on promoting consumers' choices and organizing flexible services to help them succeed in the community.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1993

An investigation of awareness of antenatal protocols.

Previous audit at the Homerton Hospital had revealed a poor level of compliance with established antenatal protocols mandated by risk factors detected at the booking visit. Medical staff were questioned as to their awareness of five of the most important protocols and their response was analysed by a new scoring system. The scores were generally low though consultants scored more highly than junior staff. Scores were related to the length of obstetric experience and duration of work in the obstetric unit but were not related to frequency of the use of the protocol manual nor to the last time that reference was made to the manual. To improve compliance within the unit, the following recommendations were made: (1) regular revision of protocols to incorporate the current views of senior clinicians and (2) improved dissemination of information. The scoring system described here should prove to be a simple and effective method for the assessment of protocols within any unit.

Awareness↗
PubMed2006

Phytoremediation and rehabilitation of municipal solid waste landfills and dumpsites: A brief review.

Environmental problems posed by municipal solid waste (MSW) are well documented. Scientifically designed landfills and/or open dumpsites are used to dispose MSW in many developed and developing countries. Non-availability of land and need to reuse the dumpsite space, especially in urban areas, call for rehabilitation of these facilities. A variety of options have been tried to achieve the goals of rehabilitation. In the last couple of decades, phytoremediation, collectively referring to all plant-based technologies using green plants to remediate and rehabilitate municipal solid waste landfills and dumpsites, has emerged as a potential candidate. Research and development activities relating to different aspects of phytoremediation are keeping the interest of scientists and engineers alive and enriching the literature. Being a subject of multi-disciplinary interest, findings of phytoremediation research has resulted in generation of enormous data and their publication in a variety of journals and books. Collating data from such diverse sources would help understand the dynamics and dimensions of landfill and dumpsite rehabilitation. This review is an attempt in this direction.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMed2000

Development and evaluation of a stand-alone web-based CAL program. A case study.

The use of web browser technology allows the construction of computer-aided learning programs which will have a familiar interface to dentists. This paper reports on the evaluation of a web-based CAL program which covered the topic of tooth wear with an emphasis on the rôle of erosion in its aetiology. Evaluation of the software was made by 50 dentists contacted by an electronic mailing list. They completed a questionnaire which evaluated aspects of the functionality of the program educational objectives. The average age of the dentists was 39 years (range 24-70) and 82% were male. The average time of use was 1 h 10 min (range 15 min to 3 h). A significant change in their knowledge of tooth wear before and after using the program was recorded. Both the use of patient cases and leaflets scored highly with other aspects such as treatment planning and patient advice receiving high marks. All dentists commented that they had gained greater knowledge with particular reference to treatment and advice of tooth wear problems. 34 dentists (68%) found the web interface easy to use. Negative comments were mainly attributed to the quality of the pictures (4/50) which were corrected in the final release version. Respondents were asked to compare the program to other educational media on the same subject. 80% rated this CAL program as better than video, and 14% claimed it was as good as video. 84% rated it better than books, and 14% said it was as good as books. 98% preferred it to audio tapes and 86% preferred it to journals. The average amount that they would pay for a CAL package such as "tooth wear" would be 42 ECU. It is concluded that web browser software is a suitable medium for the use of a CAL program and this is reflected in its ease of use by dentists.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Samuel Adams' tremor.

BACKGROUND: Samuel Adams (1722--1803), the American Revolutionist and brewer, is said to have had a tremor. There has not been a formal study of the clinical characteristics and progression of his tremor. OBJECTIVE: To use historical accounts and original materials to document the clinical characteristics and progression of Adams' tremor. MATERIALS: In addition to historical accounts of Adams, the following materials were reviewed: 1) Samuel Adams' known writings, including personal and political letters, published posthumously in a four-volume book; and 2) original letters and speeches (handwritten by Adams) that are held in collection in the Manuscripts and Archives Division of the New York Public Library. RESULTS: Adams had a tremor that affected his hands, head, and voice. Although mild, the tremor was already manifest when Adams was in his early 40s. Adams, who was very prolific, experienced progressive difficulty with his ability to write while in his 50s and early 60s. His letters contain frequent references to his illness and reveal a penmanship that became more compromised with time. By age 71, he was forced to dictate all his correspondence. His tremor was familial, affecting his daughter Hannah and her children. CONCLUSIONS: Samuel Adams' progressive tremor rendered him unable to write his own letters for the last 10 years of his life. Adams had one of the earliest documented cases of essential tremor.

History, 18th Century↗
PubMed2005

Literacy as a leisure activity: free-time preferences of older children and young adolescents.

PURPOSE: Literacy plays an important role in the development of language in school-age children and adolescents. For example, by reading a variety of books, magazines, and newspapers, students gain exposure to complex vocabulary, and reading becomes a prime opportunity for learning new words. Despite the importance of reading for lexical development, little is known about the pleasure reading habits of today's youth. The first goal of this investigation was to examine the preferences of older children and young adolescents with respect to reading as a leisure-time activity and its relationship to other free-time options that are likely to compete for their attention. The second goal was to examine the amount of time that young people spend reading for pleasure each day and the types of materials they most enjoy reading. The third goal was to determine if preferences for free-time activities and reading materials would evince age- and gender-related differences during the period of development from late childhood through early adolescence (ages 11-15 years). The findings could serve as a reference point for understanding what is reasonable to expect of students during this age range. METHOD: The participants were 100 sixth graders (mean age = 11;7 [years; months]) and 100 ninth graders (mean age = 14;8) attending public schools in western Oregon. Each group contained an equal number of boys and girls, all of whom spoke English as their primary language and were considered to be typical achievers. All participants completed a survey concerning their preferred free-time activities and reading materials. They also reported the average amount of time they spent reading for pleasure each day. RESULTS: The most popular free-time activities were listening to music/going to concerts, watching television or videos, playing sports, and playing computer or video games. Least preferred activities were cooking, running or walking, writing, and arts and crafts. Reading was moderately popular. The most popular reading materials were magazines, novels, and comics; least popular were plays, technical books, and newspapers. Interest in pleasure reading declined during this age range (11-15 years), and boys were more likely than girls to report that they spent no time reading for pleasure. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Given the importance of reading to lexical development in school-age children and adolescents, reading should be promoted as a leisure activity during these years. School-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs), in their role as language consultants, can benefit from understanding the pleasure-reading patterns of today's youth. It is especially important for SLPs to monitor these patterns in students who have language disorders, as it is common for these young people to experience deficits in reading and in lexical development. Fortunately, much can be done in school settings to encourage strong literacy habits in all students if SLPs work collaboratively with teachers, principals, psychologists, librarians, parents, and students. Suggestions are offered for ways to encourage young people to spend more time reading for pleasure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

How much effort is needed to keep up with the literature relevant for primary care?

OBJECTIVES: Medicine must keep current with the research literature, and keeping current requires continuously updating the clinical knowledge base (i.e., references that provide answers to clinical questions). The authors estimated the volume of medical literature potentially relevant to primary care published in a month and the time required for physicians trained in medical epidemiology to evaluate it for updating a clinical knowledge base. METHODS: We included journals listed in five primary care journal review services (ACP Journal Club, DynaMed, Evidence-Based Practice, Journal Watch, and QuickScan Reviews). Finding little overlap, we added the 2001 "Brandon/Hill Selected List of Print Books and Journals for the Small Medical Library." We counted articles (including letters, editorials, and other commentaries) published in March 2002, using bibliographic software where possible and hand counting when necessary. For journals not published in March 2002, we reviewed the nearest issue. Five primary care physicians independently evaluated fifty randomly selected articles and timed the process. RESULTS: The combined list contained 341 currently active journals with 8,265 articles. Adjusting for publication frequency, we estimate 7,287 articles are published monthly in this set of journals. Physicians trained in epidemiology would take an estimated 627.5 hours per month to evaluate these articles. CONCLUSIONS: To provide practicing clinicians with the best current evidence, more comprehensive and systematic literature surveillance efforts are needed.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1993

Uteroplacental resistance index: analysis of intra- and interobserver variability.

The aim of this study was to assess the intra- and interobserver variability of second-trimester uteroplacental continuous-wave flow velocity waveforms. The left and right uterine and arcuate resistance indices were measured in women having their routine booking scan at 16-24 weeks' gestation. Four experiments assessed the intra-observer between-frame variability, the intraobserver beat-to-beat variability, the intraobserver temporal variability, and the interobserver variability, using the limits-of-agreement method. The intraobserver between-frame variability was greater than the beat-to-beat variability at three of the four sites. The temporal variability was not significantly different between sites. There were wide interobserver limits of agreement with respect to the reference ranges, although they were greater at arcuate sites than uterine sites. These observations suggest that the reproducibility of the resistance index in continuous wave Doppler uteroplacental flow velocity waveforms is poor, particularly from arcuate sites. The uterine site is preferable and descriptive analysis may be better.

Journal Article↗