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At least 1,675 records · Page 93Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Fracture and dislocation fracture of the os pisiforme].

Four cases of pisiform fracture are presented. In one case the largest fragment of the pisiform bone with the articular surface was dislocated. After open reduction, osteosynthesis with K-wires was performed. Two patients had an isolated fracture without fragment dislocation. They had their lower arms immobilized with a plaster of Paris cast for 4 weeks. In the fourth case the fracture of the pisiform bone was associated with an intraarticular distal radial fracture and wrist dislocation. The typical traumatic cause of pisiform fracture is a fall onto the outstretched hand. Immobilization for 4 weeks results in functional recovery. In cases with dislocation of the pisotriquetral joint open reduction and osteosynthesis are necessary. Excision of the pisiform bone is not indicated in a fresh injury.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Displaced boxers' fractures: a simple and effective method of external splintage.

Forty patients with fractures of the fifth metacarpal neck (boxers' fractures) having a volar angulation of 30 degrees or more were treated by closed reduction and external immobilisation. A combination of malleable aluminium alloy splint and plaster of Paris cast was used. The results show a significant improvement in fracture angulation after reduction and at follow-up (3/5 weeks) using this form of external splintage. There were no complications. Our results compare favourably with those of other recently published series. We advocate the use of this method of treatment for these fractures with significant volar angulation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical treatment of acute, massive lung embolism. Results and follow-up.

Between 1970 and 1984 the diagnosis of acute, massive lung embolism was made 30 times in our department. In 29 patients the clinical diagnosis was correct and a Trendelenburg operation under extra-corporeal circulation was performed. In 18 cases there was an operation in the immediate preoperative course. In 1 case there was a combination of operation and the use of contraceptives. 3 cases were immobilized by a plaster of Paris cast. In 4 cases the use of oral contraceptives and in 3 patients the history of chronic recurrent lung embolism were evident. The mean immobilisation time was 15 days. In 24 cases the diagnosis was made only on the base of the clinical anamnesis, and examination, E.C.G. and chest radiography. In 4 cases angiography and in 1 patient the scintigraphy confirmed the diagnosis. Preoperatively 28 patients were in severe shock. One patient was operated electively. 14 patients needed external cardiac massage. In all cases clots were found in the left pulmonary artery, 28 in the right pulmonary artery, in 3 cases clots in the right atrium, 3 in the right ventricle and three in the inferior caval vein. Nine De Weese caval vein clips were inserted and one Mobin-Uddin filter. Postoperatively 18 patients were alive and well without sequelae. Two patients developed a cerebro-vascular accident (CVA) with one complete recovery. Ten patients died. Postoperative treatment consisted of I.V. heparin administration immediately after surgery and 6 months of oral anticoagulants. Except for chronic recurrent lung embolism the pulmonary function tests were excellent postoperatively without recurrence of the disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

[Treatment of a growth plate fracture of the distal tibia in a calf].

Case report of a post-partum type II epiphyseal fracture of the distal tibia in a calf. Following open reduction, the fracture was stabilised by cross-pins. A plaster of Paris cast was used as an additional support for four weeks. A clinical and radiological follow-up for five months after surgery did not reveal any complications.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Treatment of distal fractures of the radius (author's transl)].

Distal fractures of the radius are more common than other types of fracture. The methods of treatment vary greatly, but cure is not always satisfactory. The article subdivides these fractures into flexion and extension types. These two main types are subdivided further. The next chapter deals with conservative repositioning, including the plaster of Paris cast. Surgical treatment is recommended if the fracture cannot be repositioned and if it is unstable. Indication and technical management of percutaneous drill wire fixation are described. Another section of th article deals with plate osteosynthesis in Smith's fractures. Finally, the article goes into the details of stabilization via the external fixator in open fractures, especially fractures involving soft parts.

Bone Plates↗
PubMed1977

[Results of conservative treatment of transverse fracture of the distal tibia and fibula in children].

66 children who were admitted to the Surgical Department of the University Children's Hospital in Zurich because of transverse fracture of the distal tibia and fibula were followed up. They were treated conservatively by reduction followed by immobilization in a plaster of Paris cast reaching to the upper thigh; the foot was placed in the equinus position. Perfect axial reposition should be aimed at. If this cannot be achieved, a varus deformity of up to 6 degrees, a valgus deformity of up to 10 degrees and antecurvation of up to 10 degrees are permissible, as this malposition usually cures itself in time. If the malformation exceeds the limits described above, operative reduction and fixation should be carried out in children over 12 years of age. All children with malposition must be followed up for a long time to observe whether the malposition will gradually disappear and to ascertain whether static difficulties will occur and may have to be corrected by osteotomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Photostereogrammetry in plastic surgery].

Stereophotogrammetry has been used lately for accurate presentation of changes and irregularities of the face. Plaster of Paris casts of the faces of patients with mandibular prognathism were prepared prior to and six months following surgery. The casts were photographed with an adapted phototheodolite IGF f - 158 mm/13 X 18 cm. The stand with forced centering and a maximal base of 170 mm was constructed at the Institute for Research of Materials and Constructions SRS. The contour plots were drawn on a 1:1 scale using a Topocart B autograph. The contours were plotted with a 2 mm interspace. On the stereophotogramme obtained in this fashion the features of the face and their changes after the operation are accurately demonstrated by the contour lines.

Face↗
PubMed1978

[The vertebrotomy as additional therapy at spondylitis tuberculosa (author's transl)].

One hundred and three patients with spondylitis tuberculosa were treated with 104 vertebrotomies, without deaths. The results of 71 cases, one until 24 years after the operation, were evaluated. Most of them showed bony healing, only one had a soft tissue rezidivism. Through the modern antituberculous therapy the time of immobilization (plaster-bed and cast) could have been shortened in the last 13 years from 38,4 to 20,3 months.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Fracture and dislocation fracture of the os capitatum. Review of the literature and case report].

Capitate fractures are serious and rare carpal injuries. A case of a closed, isolated capitate fracture is presented. The largest fragment of the capitate, which was fractured at its waist, was dislocated with the wrist twisted in an ulnodorsal orientation. The supposed traumatic cause of the capitate fracture was a fall onto the outstretched and ulnar-deviated hand. After open reduction, osteosynthesis with K-wires was performed. Immobilization for 6 weeks in a plaster-of-Paris cast followed. The excellent functional result (according to the modified evaluation scale of Pechlaner/Beck) obtained after 15 months is demonstrated. Diagnosis and subsequent therapy should be as aggressive as in the case of scaphoid fractures. Different modalities and possible complications of an operative treatment are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Zickel supracondylar nailing for supracondylar femoral fractures in elderly or infirm patients. A review of 33 cases.

We report 33 cases of femoral supracondylar fracture in elderly or debilitated patients treated by Zickel supracondylar nails. Most of the patients were female and their mean age was 79 years. All had concurrent medical problems and only nine could walk unaided. The operating time averaged one hour and mean blood loss was 100 ml. Postoperative management was by mobilisation in a cast brace or plaster. Six patients died before fracture union; all the others achieved union at an average of 12 weeks. The results were excellent in terms of pain relief, movement and function; there were no infections or nonunions. The locking screws backed out or broke in 26% but this did not prejudice the outcome. Use of the Zickel system is recommended for this group of frail patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

An alternative method of treating comminuted intra-articular fractures of the distal radius.

Comminuted intra-articular fractures of the distal radius will inevitably end in poor results if inadequately treated. We recommend an external fixator by two proximal and one distal Steinmann pins incorporated into a short plaster of Paris cast. This distraction method is easy, does not need special instrumentation, and is very cost-effective. Our method differs from previous methods in its simplicity and predictably good results if the recommended technique is followed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Extensor tendon lacerations in horses: 50 cases (1982-1988).

Medical records of 50 horses with extensor tendon lacerations affecting 53 limbs over 7 years (1982 to 1988) were reviewed to determine the clinical features and prognosis for athletic soundness after treatment. Mean and median ages were 4.8 and 3 years, respectively. Eighty-nine percent of the injuries involved the hind limbs, with approximately equal distribution between the right and left limbs. Hind limb lacerations involved the long digital extensor tendon (28 limbs), lateral digital extensor tendon (3 limbs), or both tendons (16 limbs). Forelimb lacerations involved the common digital extensor tendon (2 limbs), lateral digital extensor tendon (1 limb), or both tendons (3 limbs). Joint involvement was found in 6 cases. Wound management varied according to wound characteristics, financial constraints of owners, and clinician preference. External coaptation consisted of a 3-layered cotton bandage in 33 limbs, splint and cotton bandage in 12 limbs, fiberglass or plaster-of-Paris cast in 5 limbs, and no form of coaptation in 3 limbs. Follow-up information for 40 cases at least 1 year after injury revealed that 29 (73%) horses had returned to athletic soundness, 7 (18%) horses were pasture sound, 3 horses were chronically lame, and 1 horse was euthanatized during treatment because of wound sepsis. Depending on the hind limb tendons involved, return to athletic soundness ranged from 62% (long digital and lateral digital extensor tendons lacerated) to 80% (long digital extensor tendon lacerated) The small number of forelimb lacerations precluded any comparative data.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Ultrasound assessment and conservative management of inversion injuries of the ankle in children: plaster of Paris versus Tubigrip.

We studied 45 children who presented with an inversion injury of the ankle. The clinical signs suggested injury to the distal growth plate of the fibula, but the plain radiographs appeared normal. Ultrasound examination of the joint in 40 patients showed a subperiosteal haematoma consistent with a growth-plate injury in 23 (57.5%). Children who had been treated with a tubular bandage and crutches by random selection had a mean time to return of normal activity of 14.22 days compared with 21.60 days for those treated with a plaster-of-Paris cast (t=3.60, p=0.0032; d=7.38, 95% CI 3.0 to 11.8). We conclude that children with inversion ankle injuries who have clinical signs of injury to the distal fibular growth plate but a normal radiological appearance, should be treated with a tubular bandage and crutches.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1976

Energy expenditure during walking in patients recovering from fractures of the leg.

The oxygen consumption during walking has been studied in 13 patients recovering from fractures of the leg and in 8 control subjects. Oxygen consumption of normal subjects when walking at velocities of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m sec-1 was 8.0, 9.8 and 13.6 ml kg-1 min-1 respectively. For subjects walking on crutches with the leg encased in a Plaster of Paris cast, the oxygen consumption at these velocities was 12.0, 17.5 and 25.3 ml kg-1 min-1 respectively. The energy cost of walking was reduced when the cast was removed, when the crutches were replaced by sticks and when all aides were discarded. When all aids had been discarded the energy expenditure was normal at 0.5 and 1.0 m sec-1 but was still significantly higher at faster velocities.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Treatment results for tibial condyle fractures in material from the Orthopedic and Traumatology Department in Siedlce].

Early results of treatment for tibial condyles fractures in 39 patients are presented. Mean follow-up was 12 months (range 6-14 months), mean patient age was 54 years (range 37-74). Tibial plateau depression smaller than 5 mm was managed conservatively (15 cases). In 23 patients surgery was performed within 7 days from injury. It consisted of subchondral osteotomy and application of frozen cancellous bone graft. The extremity was immobilized in plaster of paris cast for 8 weeks. Bad results in 2 cases were attributed to previous degenerative changes. The authors claim good functional results after reconstructive surgery with the use of frozen cancellous bone grafts.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Accuracy and precision of volumetric determinations using two commercial CAD systems for prosthetics: a technical note.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of volume determinations using the commercially available Seattle ShapeMaker CAD/CAM system for production of prosthetic sockets and to compare it with the commercially available CAPOD system. We used three types of reference objects for volumetric determinations: steel tubes, plaster of Paris casts, and residual limb models. Three different sizes were examined for each type of object. Volume measurements with the two CAD/CAM systems were compared with measurements obtained by water filling, water immersion, or mathematical calculation (tubes only). We found an inconsistent systematic error of less than 3.1% for ShapeMaker and no systematic error for CAPOD. Random errors, represented by the coefficient of variation, were below 1.3% for the ShapeMaker and, in most cases, below 0.4% for the CAPOD. Theoretical changes in volume of 2.6% and 0.8% are possible to detect with these CAD/CAM systems. In our opinion, both systems have sufficient precision for routine clinical use in prosthetics and orthotics. However, in our study, the ShapeMaker committed larger random and systematic errors than CAPOD. This means that, according to our study, CAPOD offers the best possibility to determine and detect small changes in residual limb volume as a function of time.

Artificial Limbs↗
PubMed1998

Fracture healing and callus innervation after peripheral nerve resection in rats.

The effects of femoral and sciatic nerve resection on fracture healing and innervation of the fracture callus were studied using a stable fracture model. In 34 rats the right tibia was subjected to a standardized closed fracture and stabilized with a modular intramedullary nail. In half of the animals, resection of 1 cm of the femoral and sciatic nerves was performed (nerve resection group), whereas the other animals had sham operations (sham group). To avoid unequal load-bearing between the two groups, all fractured hindlimbs were immobilized in a plaster of Paris cast. The trial was terminated after 5 weeks of fracture healing. Callus size was scored radiographically, and bone mineralization was measured by 85-strontium incorporation. Seven rats from each group had immunohistochemical examination for neural regeneration and ingrowth. Antisera for protein gene product 9.5, neurofilaments, neural growth associated protein 43/B-50, calcitonin gene related peptide, and substance P were used. The mechanical properties of the healing fractures were recorded in a three-point cantilever bending test. After 5 weeks, the normally innervated, fractured tibias had regained approximately 50% strength compared with the unfractured side, in comparison with only 20% in the animals that had nerve resection. Although the fracture calluses were mechanically weaker, they were significantly larger in the nerve resection group, indicating defects in tissue composition or organization rendered by the nerve injury. The mineralization rate, as measured by 85-strontium incorporation, was the same in the two groups. However, the nerve resection did not provide complete denervation but changed the innervation pattern of the healing fracture, as the density of sensory nerve fibers immunostaining for substance P and neurofilaments was less in the group with femoral and sciatic nerve resection. The results suggest that intact innervation is essential for normal fracture healing because nerve injury induced a large, but mechanically insufficient, fracture callus.

Animals↗