Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Obsessive Behavior”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,675 records · Page 93Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

History of frontal lobotomy in the United States, 1935-1955.

The history of frontal lobotomy is a dramatic chapter in the development of medical treatment. Based on experimentally induced lesions in primates, lobotomies were introduced as procedures designed to modify the affect and behavior of hospitalized mental patients. Within 10 years, variations in surgical techniques were numerous, and the treatment was an accepted alternative in many hospitals in the United States. Patients on whom the operation was performed had a variety of diagnoses, including schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and affective illness. With the introduction of neuroleptic medication and behavior and milieu therapies, this surgical treatment for the emotional component of psychiatric illness fell into disuse. As its legacy to medicine, frontal lobotomy provided neuroanatomical information from which contemporary biological theories of behavior developed.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Psychiatric disorders in youth in juvenile detention.

BACKGROUND: Given the growth of juvenile detainee populations, epidemiologic data on their psychiatric disorders are increasingly important. Yet, there are few empirical studies. Until we have better epidemiologic data, we cannot know how best to use the system's scarce mental health resources. METHODS: Using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children version 2.3, interviewers assessed a randomly selected, stratified sample of 1829 African American, non-Hispanic white, and Hispanic youth (1172 males, 657 females, ages 10-18 years) who were arrested and detained in Cook County, Illinois (which includes Chicago and surrounding suburbs). We present 6-month prevalence estimates by demographic subgroups (sex, race/ethnicity, and age) for the following disorders: affective disorders (major depressive episode, dysthymia, manic episode), anxiety (panic, separation anxiety, overanxious, generalized anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorders), psychosis, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, disruptive behavior disorders (oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder), and substance use disorders (alcohol and other drugs). RESULTS: Nearly two thirds of males and nearly three quarters of females met diagnostic criteria for one or more psychiatric disorders. Excluding conduct disorder (common among detained youth), nearly 60% of males and more than two thirds of females met diagnostic criteria and had diagnosis-specific impairment for one or more psychiatric disorders. Half of males and almost half of females had a substance use disorder, and more than 40% of males and females met criteria for disruptive behavior disorders. Affective disorders were also prevalent, especially among females; more than 20% of females met criteria for a major depressive episode. Rates of many disorders were higher among females, non-Hispanic whites, and older adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest substantial psychiatric morbidity among juvenile detainees. Youth with psychiatric disorders pose a challenge for the juvenile justice system and, after their release, for the larger mental health system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Treatment approaches for children with Tourette's syndrome.

Tourette's syndrome has been of neurologic and psychiatric interest since the original description of this condition by Gilles de la Tourette in 1885, and it has been associated with a wide variety of treatments over the years. With the advent of advances in neurochemistry and neuropharmacology, a neurobiologic approach has emerged with the application of many drugs from the fields of neurology and psychiatry. In addition, many of the comorbid conditions that coexist, such as attention deficit disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), are amenable to both pharmacologic and behavioral approaches. Drug treatment has included dopamine receptor blockers for tics, dopamine agonists, dopamine depletors, and stimulants for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), noradrenergic drugs for tics and ADHD, serotonergic drugs for OCD, and chemical denervation for involuntary movements with the use of botulinum toxin and stereotactic surgery. It is the purpose of this review to outline the various approaches that are currently available as treatments, realizing that as new drugs are introduced in neurology and psychiatry, they too will find their way into treatment options.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed2004

Integrating pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy in the management of anxiety disorders.

Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent psychiatric conditions throughout the world, and they are responsible for considerable morbidity and functional impairment. Patients with these disorders make extensive use of medical resources, not only through their use of the mental health system but by frequent utilization of primary care and emergency medical services. Although it is common clinical practice to combine pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, some researchers have argued that this has not been shown effective in practice and is an inefficient use of limited mental health resources. This article will examine the evidence supporting integrative therapy for the major Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision anxiety disorders and discuss clinical considerations surrounding the use of combined therapies for anxiety.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Audio-taped exposure therapy in a case of obsessional neurosis.

A patient-recorded audio-tape of intrusive ideation was employed as the anxiety evoking stimulus during the course of exposure therapy with an obsessional neurotic. Detailed records of the patient's subjective anxiety within and across treatment sessions documented the remission of self-reports of obsessional ideation. Treatment gains were maintained at 1-year follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Spontaneous exposure and "self-control" in the treatment of compulsive checking.

This case study describes a treatment developed for an obsessional patient for whom neither in vivo nor verbal exposure was effective in eliciting obsessional thinking. The treatment consisted of increasingly more strict temporal parameters the patient was to impose when obsessional thoughts spontaneously occurred. These parameters stipulated the amount of time he was to wait between the occurrence of obsessional thoughts and compulsive checking, and the amount of time he was to spend checking. Over a period of several months, these self-imposed temporal parameters were effective in completely eliminating persistent and intractable obsessional thinking of 11 years' duration.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Bipolar disorder in adult patients with Tourette's syndrome: a clinical study.

BACKGROUND: Although recent clinical and epidemiological studies indicate that Tourette's syndrome (TS) is associated with a higher than expected rate of bipolar disorder (BPD), the clinical characteristics of BPD in patients with TS have not been widely investigated. METHODS: Thirty adult TS patients with comorbid BPD were selected from a consecutive series of 90 referred TS patients and examined using structured psychiatric rating scales. RESULTS: The full clinical spectrum of BPD was found, including bipolar I disorder, schizoaffective bipolar disorder, bipolar II disorder, and cyclothymic disorder. Atypical vegetative depressive symptoms, rapid cycling patterns, and seasonal patterns of recurrence were also documented. In the present clinical sample, BPD mainly occurred in patients with mild tic symptoms and was invariably associated with a high lifetime prevalence of general psychopathology, including generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic, phobias, eating disorders, self-injurious behavior, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, impulse control disorders, and personality disorders. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this clinical study indicate that BPD and nonaffective psychopathology may be prominent comorbid disorders in a subpopulation of patients with TS.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The anterior cingulate as a conflict monitor: fMRI and ERP studies.

We propose that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) contributes to cognition by detecting the presence of conflict during information processing, and to alert systems involved in top-down control to resolve this conflict. Here, we review several functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and event-related potential (ERP) studies that have used simple response interference tasks, and propose that ACC activity is activated prior to the response during correct conflict trials and reflected in the frontocentral N2, and immediately following error trials and reflected in the error-related negativity (ERN). Furthermore, we suggest that certain disturbances in cognition and behavior in common mental disorders such as schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can be understood as resulting from alteration in performance monitoring functions associated with this region of the brain.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Impulsiveness and compulsiveness in alcoholics and nonalcoholics.

Impulsiveness and compulsiveness questionnaires were completed by recovering alcoholics (n = 54) and by a community sample (n = 351). No relationship was found, indicating these traits are independent, distinct constructs. Alcoholics scored significantly higher on impulsiveness than nonalcoholics, and impulsiveness was negatively associated with age for both groups. Interestingly, the significant difference between the two groups on impulsiveness was maintained across age groups. Alcoholic and nonalcoholic compulsiveness scores showed no difference; however, compulsiveness was negatively related to age in nonalcoholics, but not alcoholics.

Adult↗