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PubMed1999

The construction of a cDNA expression library for the sheep scab mite Psoroptes ovis.

The need for alternative control strategies for sheep scab is critical. One approach is to develop vaccines based on 'concealed' antigens derived from Psoroptes ovis. This strategy requires the identification and characterisation of potential target antigens, which has been hampered by the problem of limited biological material for isolation of protein antigens. To aid the discovery of P. ovis antigens and to provide a resource for generating recombinant protein, we constructed a P. ovis cDNA expression library, using total RNA isolated from 250 mg of mixed-stage P. ovis and the Clontech SMART cDNA synthesis kit. The presence of P. ovis-specific sequences was confirmed using PCR amplification and sequencing of actin. The sequences of cDNA inserts from six random clones included one with high homology to the Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (house dust mite) antigen p Dp15. This is a glutathione S-transferase known to be an important house dust mite antigen. We conclude that this library will be a useful tool for the identification of potential target antigens for the immunological control of P. ovis and to further our understanding of the pathology of sheep scab.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1981

Mites of the hedgehog Erinaceus albiventris Wagner in Kenya: observations on the prevalence and pathogenicity of Notoedres oudemansi Fain, Caparinia erinacei Fain and Rodentopus sciuri Fain.

The occurrence of 3 mites (Acari: Astigmata) is reported, from the Central African hedgehog Erinaceus albiventris Wagner, the the Nairobi area of Kenya. Notoedres oudemansi Fain (Sarcoptidae) showed sporadic incidence, infected males particularly and caused high mortality. A description of the male mite is given. Caparinia erinacei Fain (Psoroptidae) was found on 72% of animals on capture but showed very low pathogenicity. Rodentopus sciuri Fain (Hypoderidae) was found in the hair follicles of 46% of 43 animals examined; adverse effects were slight.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Demography of the cereal rust mite Abacarus hystrix (Acari: Eriophyoidea) on quack grass.

Demography parameters of the cereal rust mite Abacarus hystrix (Nalepa) on quack grass were studied to investigate its potential capacity of population increase in conditions of initially low density. The experiment was maintained under laboratory conditions at a constant temperature of 19.5-20.5 degrees C and 94 +/- 1% RH. Life-history data were used to calculate duration of developmental stages, survival of adults and rates of population increase. A new method of estimation of age-dependent fecundity is proposed. On average, eggs required 7.98 (n = 33, 95% CI: 7.68-8.21) days to develop into adults. Life expectancy of females was longer than that of males (9.72 and 5.41 days, respectively). The mean sex ratio, expressed as the proportion of females, was 0.80 (n = 122, CI: 0.71-0.86). The reproductive output for females was age-dependent and daily egg production reached a peak (3.83 eggs/day, CI: 2.50-5.15) on the 5th day, and then decreased steeply. The net reproductive rate (R0) was 10.12 female progeny per female per generation, the generation time (T) was 11.31 days, the intrinsic rate of increase (r) was 0.20 female progeny per female per day, and the finite rate of increase (lambda) was 1.23 female progeny per day. These estimates showed that A. hystrix has a great potential capacity for rapid population increase when colonising new hosts and its density is low. Therefore, we conclude that the population of the cereal rust mite on quack grass may rapidly build up to very high densities and can be a reservoir population, which may easily disperse and infest other, including cultivated, grasses.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Life-cycle stage morphology of Psoroptes mange mites.

Detailed life-cycle stage descriptions for the ectoparasitic mite Psoroptes ovis (Hering) (Acari: Psoroptidae) from rabbit hosts (syn. Psoroptes cuniculi) are presented. The results resolve a number of contradictions in the literature relating to the recognition of the life cycle stages of these mites. This study supports the view that there are two distinct male nymphal stages, both lacking dorsoposterior tubercles. The male tritonymph is significantly larger than the protonymph and has five pairs of metapodosomal setae rather than three. In addition, male tritonymphs have two pairs of cuticular pits on the central metapodosoma rather than the single pair of the protonymph. The results also show that the female protonymph can be distinguished from the male nymphal stages and the female tritonymph. Both female nymphal stages possess dorsoposterior tubercles, but the protonymph is significantly smaller than the tritonymph. In addition, the protonymph possesses three pairs of metapodosomal setae rather than five, one pair of cuticular pits rather than two, and a pulvillus on leg IV which is absent in the female tritonymph. The presence of dorsoposterior tubercles enables the female nymphs to be distinguished easily from the males. By contrast, distinguishing between the nymphal stages of the same sex relies on the identification of both the number of metapodosomal setae and cuticular pits. These descriptions are used to produce a key, which allows the various stages of both sexes to be distinguished.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

A new species of parasitic mites of the genus Syringophiloidus Kethley 1970 (Acari: Syringophilidae) from the barn swallow Hirundo rustica Linnaeus, 1758.

A new quill mite species Syringophiloidus hirundinis (Acari: Syringophilidae) is described from the Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica. The species Syringophiloidus hirundinis had a prevalence of 17.1% in the two outermost tail feathers (N = 208 adult Barn Swallows) during the breeding season of the Barn Swallow host. Intensity of infestation was 9.7 adult mites per pair of infested tail feathers. The sex ratio was highly biased towards females, with only 7.5% of all individuals being males (20:3).

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Tropical rat mite dermatitis: case report and review.

Six medical students inhabiting a centuries-old, rat-infested house in Lübeck, in northern Germany, were suffering from itching papules and seropapules. Prior to these patients' visit to our institute, their conditions had been diagnosed as pediculosis, scabies, or pulicosis and treated unsuccessfully with the antiparasitic agent lindane (0.3%). The final diagnosis, tropical rat mite dermatitis, was based on the identification of the arthropod Ornithonyssus bacoti, which has an unsegmented body with eight legs. No treatment was recommended, and the dermatitis disappeared within 2 weeks. Measures taken to prevent reinfestation included extermination of the rats and treatment of the rooms of the house with the acaricide benzyl benzoate. Because the mite O. bacoti spends a relatively short time on a host and penetrates the skin for feeding only, the application of an antiparasitic agent is not necessary. If indicated, treatment should be symptomatic.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Spinturnicid mites (Gamasida: Spinturnicidae) associated with bats in central Brazil.

The results of a survey of spinturnicid mites (Gamasida: Spinturnicidae) infesting bats near Brasília, D.F., Brazil, are presented. One hundred twenty-five bats were collected, representing three families and 15 species. Seven species of spinturnicid mites (genus Periglischrus) were collected from nine species of bats (family Phyllostomidae). Each of the following six species of Periglischrus was associated with a single species of bat: Periglischrus acutisternus Machado-Allison and P. torrealbai Machado-Allison on Phyllostomus discolor Wagner; P. paravargasi Herrin and Tipton on Anoura caudifer (E. Geoffroy); P. caligus Kolenati on Glossophaga soricina (Pallas); P. ojasti Machado-Allison on Sturnira lilium (E. Geoffroy); P. herrerai Machado-Allison on Desmodus rotundus (E. Geoffroy). P. iheringi Oudemans was collected from four species of bats (Artibeus cinereus (Gervais), A. jamaicensis Leach, A. literatus (Olfers), and Vampyrops lineatus (E. Geoffroy]. No spinturnicids were found on Carollia perspecillata (L.) or on molossid or vespertilionid bats.

Animals↗
PubMed1968

Mite infestations of man contracted from dogs and cats.

Acarine infestations of the dog and cat are transmissible to man. The relation between age incidence in the host, duration of disease, and circumstances under which the animal is kept are stated. Fifty out of 65 human contacts at risk to 42 infected dogs and cats showed lesions of mite infestation; 48% of these lesions were confined to the arms and torso.It is important to consider animal mite infestation in the differential diagnosis of human pruritic and papular skin disease.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2003

A new species of laelapine mite (Acari: Parasitiformes: Laelapidae) associated with Proechimys dimidiatus in the Atlantic forests of Brazil.

Tur megistoproctus, a new species of Laelapinae, is described from the pelage of the echimyid rodent Proechimys dimidiatus from the Atlantic forests of Ilha Grande, south of Rio de Janeiro. Measurements and illustrations are included for females and males. Another laelapine mite species, Tur turki Fonseca, co-occurred with T. megistoproctus in our studies and was recorded from the same host individuals and localities. These 2 laelapine mite species appear to be exclusively associated with a complex of echimyid rodent species (subgenus Trinomys) in the Atlantic forests of southeastern Brazil.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Residual activity of selected pesticides on laying hens treated for northern fowl mite control by dipping.

Aqueous suspensions of malathion, stirofos, Ravap, and carbaryl formulations (.25 to 1.0%) were tested as dips for control of the northern fowl mite (NFM), Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini and Fanzago), on caged White Leghorn hens. Hens treated with Ravap showed symptoms of organophosphorus insecticide poisoning soon after treatment and some died as a result of the dip; however, dipping with the other insecticides did not result in any apparent toxic effects. Malathion gave residual control of mites for about 4 weeks posttreatment, but both stirofos and carbaryl dips gave complete control for at least 6 weeks against repeated challenges with the NFM. There were no significant differences in the percent hen-day egg production, feed consumption, or body weight of the hens that could be attributed to any of the chemical treatments.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1982

Permethrin as a clothing treatment for personal protection against chigger mites (Acarina: Trombiculidae).

A study was done to evaluate the personal protection afforded by uniforms treated with permethrin (0.125 mg/cm2) against natural infestations of chigger mites, Trombicula spp. The study utilized human test subjects taking part in a military field training exercise. At the end of the 3-day period, there was 74.2% increase in protection provided by the treated uniforms compared to an untreated uniform and the use of repellent. The increased protection amounted to ca 60 fewer mite attachments per treated subject. The treated uniforms were also found to be nonirritating and nonodorous.

Clothing↗
PubMed1989

Can androgen deficiency promote an outbreak of psoroptic mange mites in male deer?

Repeated outbreaks of infection by psoroptic mange mites (Psoroptes equi var. ovis) affecting most regions of the body and legs were observed in several male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) suffering from hypoandrogenism (e.g., castrates, animals treated with antiandrogens or postprime). The massive infection was characterized by a severe alopecia and skin inflammation and began usually in early winter. One or two spray treatments of a 1% solution of Lindane was usually sufficient to eliminate the clinical signs of the disease and to restore a healthy hair coat. Neither healthy male or female deer have ever exhibited any external signs of this disease nor has the parasite been detected in the scrapings of their skin. We propose a possible relationship between the hormonal status of these animals and their resistance to this parasitic mite infection.

Androgens↗
PubMed1991

Prevalence and geographical distribution of the ear canker mite (Otodectes cynotis) among arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) in Iceland.

Three hundred forty five adult arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) from all counties in Iceland were examined for excess cerumen and ear canker mites (Otodectes cynotis). Only 13 foxes (4%) from a single county in northwestern Iceland were infested, where the prevalence of otodectiasis was 38%. Whether or not this parasite is new to the arctic fox in Iceland is unknown. If it is recently introduced, possible sources of infestation are farmed silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes), domestic dogs, domestic or feral cats, and arctic foxes from Greenland. It appears that the rate of transmission between adult foxes is low; a more common route of transmission is probably from the mother to her offspring or between vixens breeding in the same dens in subsequent years by contamination of the dens. No correlation was found between the prevalence of mites in foxes and Samson character.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Survey for meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) and ear mites in white-tailed deer from northern Idaho.

During the fall hunting season of 1990, 95 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) heads were collected from hunters in Boundary and Bonner Counties in northern Idaho (USA), an area currently occupied by woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou). The heads were examined for adult and larval meningeal worms (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) by physical examination of the brain surfaces, and the Baermann technique, respectively, and for ear mites by examination of ear scrapings. Meningeal worms or mites were not detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Exposure to Psoroptes sp. mites is common among bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) populations in California.

Sera (n = 806) from 50 populations of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in California (USA) were evaluated for antibodies to Psoroptes sp. mites using a kinetic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Test values for each sample were determined to be either positive or negative at each of two ELISA cutoff values that provided either 100% sensitivity (low cutoff) or 100% specificity (high cutoff), respectively. One hundred sixty-eight (20.8%) sera were seropositive at the low cutoff value, and 87 (10.8%) of these sera also were seropositive at the high cutoff value. Eleven populations were designated as scabies-suspect and 25 populations were designated as scabies-positive because they had at least one seropositive animal at the low and the high cutoff values, respectively. Based on these results, exposure to Psoroptes sp. mites appeared to be widely distributed among bighorn sheep populations from 1980 to 1990 and infested animals may have been present prior to 1980.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Seroprevalence of Psoroptes sp. mites in free-ranging elk (Cervus elaphus) as determined by kinetic ELISA.

Western blots and a kinetic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to characterize and quantify the prevalence of antibodies to Psoroptes sp. mites in elk (Cervus elaphus) from nine herds in North America. Sera from infested (n = 18) and non-infested (n = 22) elk were used to optimize test methodology and to define cut-off values for negative, suspect, and positive samples. Among 357 samples, 35 (9.8%) of the animals were seropositive, 259 (73%) were negative, and 63 (18%) were suspect. Six of nine herds (67%) contained positive animals and two additional herds (22%) had suspect animals. Sex was not associated with prevalence of antibodies, but adults greater than 2 yr old were approximately five times more likely (95% confidence interval = 2.6-15.4) to be seropositive than calves. Based on these results, we propose that exposure to Psoroptes sp. mites may be widespread in free-ranging elk of North America.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Avian mite dermatitis.

A case of dermatitis caused by the Northern fowl mite is presented. Fowl mites and their clinical significance are discussed.

Animals↗