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At least 1,675 records · Page 93Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Neuro-otological manifestations of migraine.

Vestibulocochlear derangements have been studied in three groups of patients: 200 unselected patients with migraine (Series I), 80 migrainous patients referred because of their symptoms for full neuro-otological examination (Series II), and 116 patients with tension headache who served as controls (Series III). Significant differences were established between tension headache and migraine in respect of incidence and severity of symptoms and their time of onset in relation to the headache. In migraine, vestibulocochlear disturbances can occur as an aura, accompanying the headache or during headache-free periods, the highest incidence occurring during the headache. In Series I, 59 per cent reported vestibular and/or cochlear symptoms and these were of disabling severity in 5 per cent. Significantly, 50 per cent had a history of motion sickness and 81 per cent experienced phonophobia during the headache, the probable mechanism of which is discussed. Persisting vestibulocochlear derangements were found in 77.5 per cent of Series II, largely vestibular and of both central and peripheral origin. Involvement of the vertebrobasilar vascular system appears to be the most likely explanation. Possible links between Ménière's disease, benign paroxysmal vertigo and migraine are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Vestibulometry in young children with infantile cerebral palsy].

A total of 648 vestibulometric observations of young children suffering from infantile cerebral paralysis revealed diverse vestibular disorders in 85% of the cases. Electronystagmographic findings make it possible to evaluate the functional potentialities of the child's brain in the conditions of cerebral pathology. A certain connection between the vestibular and the motor disturbances is noted. A high sensitivity of the vestibular apparatus to intracranial hypertension in the stage of its clinical compensation is revealed. The vestibulometric findings are used for forecasting the disease outcome and diagnosing disturbances of not only the vestibular, but also of the visual analyzer. The results of the study make it possible to evaluate the sick child's state most completely as early, as in the initial stages of the disease, and to outline the therapeutic strategy.

Ataxia↗
PubMed1980

[Clinical value of multifrequential tympanometry].

Multi-frequency tympanometry brings into evidence, in the normal subject, three types of tympanogram of acoustic impedance. The frequency of the tone probe showing a W tympanogram seems to be the key element. This frequency is close to that of the resonance of the ear, which is altered in the case of pathology of the tympano-ossicular system and of increase in the pressure of the endolabyrinthine fluids. Multi-frequency tympanometry facilitates the differential diagnosis between ankylosis and a discontinuity of the ossicular chain. It also objectifies the variations in the pressure of the inner-ear fluids in Ménière's disease.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1984

[Limits and possibilities of electronystagmography].

The diagnostic importance of ENG depends on the neuro-otologist's knowledge of electrophysiology, vestibular pathophysiology and clinical experience. By no means can ENG replace a detailed neurological examination of the dizzy patient. Evaluation of ENG recordings is neither within the competence of the technical assistant who is in charge of this diagnostic method, nor can it be left to the computerised nystagmus analysator. ENG is a fundamental constituent of medical diagnosis in cases of neurootological diseases and should not be misused for diagnostic sophistries.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2001

Labyrinthine fistula detection: the predictive value of vestibular symptoms and computerized tomography.

A retrospective case record study of 20 patients in Oslo operated on for chronic otitis media with labyrinthine fistula between 1986 and 1999 was performed in order to estimate the incidence of, and identify predictors for, labyrinthine fistulas. The incidence of fistula was 0.3 per 100 000, with a median age at diagnosis of 37 years. The median duration of chronic otitis media prior to labyrinthine fistula detection was significantly correlated with age at surgery. Subjective hearing loss (90%), otorrhoea (65%) and dizziness (50%) were presenting symptoms. Modified canal-wall-down mastoidectomy was performed in all patients. Preoperative hearing levels could not predict postoperative hearing outcome. Positive signs of fistula were found in only 4 patients (20%). Correspondingly, computerized tomography (CT) diagnosed the fistula in 11 patients (55%). The seven patients presenting without dizziness and with a negative CT scan and fistula test were characterized by lower age, absence of previous middle ear surgery, lower preoperative pure-tone thresholds for bone conduction and better hearing outcome after surgery. In conclusion, the identification of a younger group of patients presenting with fewer symptoms indicates that fistulas should be suspected in all patients undergoing surgery for chronic middle ear and mastoid disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Lyme borreliosis and its significance for the ENT physician].

Lyme disease is a tick-borne multisystemic Borrelia infection to which the following diseases belong: erythema migrans, lymphadenosis benigna cutis, lymphocytic meningoradiculitis (Bannwarth's syndrome), Lyme-arthritis and acrodermitis chronica atrophicans. The infection rate of ticks with Borrelia Burgdorferi in Germany amounts to 13.6% compared to the infection with the European spring summer meningoencephalitis virus with 1.1%. Recent investigations show that lipopolysaccharides and interleukin-1 play an important role in the pathogenesis of Lyme disease. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are a constitutive part of the outer wall of gram negative bacteria. Its biological activities include pyrogenicity, mitogenicity for lymphocytes and the induction of interleukin-1 (IL-1). IL-1 is the major macrophage-derived immunoregulatory protein. Lyme disease is characterized by a variety of symptoms which could be explained by the effects of IL-1 on host systems. These symptoms include: fever, malaise, erythema migrans and arthritis. The clinical course can be divided into three stages. Erythema migrans, lymphadenosis benigna cutis and general symptoms characterize the first stage. In the second stage disorders of the heart and the neurological system may follow including Bannwarth's syndrome. 60% of the patients develop facial palsy and 30% of these patients bilateral palsy. In 40% of all cases the facial palsy is the only motor disorder. Other cranial nerves can also be affected. The third stage consists of the Lyme-arthritis, acrodermitis chronica atrophicans and encephalomyelitis. The determination of specific spirochetal antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the most valuable diagnostic aid for this borreliosis. The CSF examination may also be helpful.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1975

Electrolytic lesioning in the cochlea.

A method has been developed whereby relatively discrete protions of the organ of Corti can be selectively destroyed with the use of a high-frequency current. The procedure involves passing th current (1 to 3 ma at an approximate frequency of 5 megahertz) between a differential pair of recording electrodes located in the scalae vestibuli and tympani of a particular cochlear turn. Damage patterns progressing from partial to complete outer hair cell lesioning and eventually to the inner hair cells accompanied by progressive decreases in cochlear microphonic sensitivity can be effected.

Animals↗