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PubMedDate not supplied

[A rare case of isolated aspergilloma of the sphenoid sinus].

The authors report an interesting case of an isolated pathology of the sphenoid sinus (more precisely, in this case a mycotic infection of this paranasal sinus), up to a few years ago an extremely rare disease and still today an exceptional entity in the clinical practice of an otolaryngologist. The investigations carried out indicated that the infection was caused by Aspergillus candidus, a fungus which only rarely becomes pathogenic in man. The paper reports the main anamnestic data as well as the clinical and instrumental assessment of the disease. It furthermore describes the surgical procedure employed, the relative reports obtained and supplies data concerning the microbiological tests carried out on the material removed and the histological pattern observed. The surgery had an excellent outcome: the patient was cured and showed no sign of recurrence of the disease. The discussion briefly presents the clinical picture created in man by Aspergillus and stresses the rarity of the disease, noting that, including the case in question, only 23 reports, documented with histological and microscopic data, have been made in literature. The AA affirm that to their knowledge this particular case of sphenoid sinusitis caused by Aspergillus candidus [correction of Candida] is the first ever to be reported and in conclusion underline the extreme care necessary in dealing with this pathology and in making a "quoad vitam" prognosis.

Aspergillosis↗
PubMed2005

The endophytic continuum.

In spite of the term 'endophyte' being employed for all organisms that inhabit plants, mycologists have come to use the term 'fungal endophyte' for fungi that inhabit plants without causing visible disease symptoms. The term refers only to fungi at the moment of detection without regard for the future status of the interaction. This paper is a review of literature on non-balansiaceous fungi involved in asymptomatic colonisations of plants. These fungal endophytes represent a continuum of fungi with respect to physiological status, infection modus, colonisation pattern, secondary metabolism, life-history strategy, and developmental and evolutionary stages, but also with respect to the fungal and host taxa involved in the symbioses. We hypothesize that there are no neutral interactions, but rather that endophyte-host interactions involve a balance of antagonisms, irrespective of the plant organ infected. There is always at least a degree of virulence on the part of the fungus enabling infection, whereas defence of the plant host limits development of fungal invaders and disease. It is also hypothesized that the endophytes, in contrast to known pathogens, generally have far greater phenotypic plasticity and thus more options than pathogens: infection, local but also extensive colonisation, latency, virulence, pathogenity and (or) saprophytism. This phenotypic plasticity is a motor of evolution.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2005

Unusual case of pyopneumothorax in Tennessee.

Rupture of a coccidioidal pulmonary cavity with subsequent pyopneumothorax is a rare clinical event, even in areas endemic for coccidioidomycosis. Our encounter with a patient diagnosed with this condition in northeast Tennessee serves notice to clinicians that coccidioidomycosis is indeed a traveling fungal disease, and practitioners must be alert to common and uncommon manifestations of infection associated with this fungus. A literature review pertaining to coccidioidal pyopneumothorax revealed that patients usually present with a recent onset of chest pain. Serologic testing and pleural fluid culture are highly useful, and management includes surgical intervention with or without antifungal therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Fungus gnats, Bradysia spp. (Diptera: Sciaridae), and other arthropods in commercial bagged soilless growing media and rooted plant plugs.

Fungus gnats, Bradysia spp., in greenhouses cause economic losses to horticultural producers by damaging young root systems during plant propagation, by spreading soilborne diseases, and by reducing the marketability of the crop. In a greenhouse cage study, our observations suggested that bagged soilless growing media or rooted plant plugs from wholesale distributors may be sources for the introduction of fungus gnats into commercial greenhouse facilities. To evaluate these possibilities, carefully collected samples of bagged soilless growing media stored in the greenhouse, as well as bagged soilless growing media and rooted plant plugs delivered from midwestern wholesale distributors, were incubated under controlled conditions in the laboratory. Fungus gnats emerged from soilless media stored in the greenhouse, soilless media delivered from wholesale distributors, and from rooted plant plugs delivered from wholesale distributors. These results demonstrate that pasteurization of even bagged soilless media may be essential to effectively managing greenhouse populations of fungus gnats. However, pasteurization is not an option for responding to contamination of rooted plant plugs. Preliminary evidence is provided that application of entomopathogenic nematodes may offer potential as a method for managing fungus gnats in plant plugs, so long as treatment is early. Other arthropods found contaminating soilless media and rooted plant plugs included the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), Collembola, Acari, Formicidae, Staphylinidae, Psychodidae, and other Diptera.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1995

Enterobacter cloacae is an endophytic symbiont of corn.

The bacterium Enterobacter cloacae is presently used for biocontrol of postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables and as a preplant seed treatment for suppression of damping-off. This bacterium has apparent affinities for several grass species, but it is not considered to be an endophyte. While screening corn for fungi and bacteria with potential for biocontrol of various corn diseases, the surface-sterilized kernels of one unknown Italian corn cultivar produced fungus-free corn seedlings with roots endophytically infected by E. cloacae. This paper describes the microscopic nature of E. cloacae RRC 101 with corn, and the in vitro control of Fusarium moniliforme and other fungi with this bacterium. Light and electron microscopy determined that this isolate of E. cloacae was biologically associated with corn seedling roots, where it was distributed intercellularly within the cortex and stele. This is a first report of a strain of this bacterium as an endophytic symbiont of roots. Following a topical application of E. cloacae to kernels, and upon germination this bacterium readily infected roots of two other corn cultivars. The bacterium was observed within the endosperm of germinating corn seedling, but germination was not affected. Further, the bacterium was isolated from leaves and stems of 3- to 6-week-old seedlings indicating that the above ground portions of corn were also colonized. There was no evidence of damage to cells of the root during a three to four week observation period. This bacterium was antagonistic to several isolates of the corn pathogen Fusarium moniliforme, and to two other species of fungi, all of which produce mycotoxins on corn.

Antibiosis↗
PubMed2000

Clinical significance of Scedosporium apiospermum in patients with cystic fibrosis.

The incidence of airway colonization by Scedosporium apiospermum and of related sensitization was investigated prospectively in 128 patients with cystic fibrosis over a 5-year period, and results were compared with clinical data. Scedosporium apio-spermum, recovered from sputum samples in 11 of 128 (8.6%) patients, was the most frequent filamentous fungus after Aspergillus fumigatus. Counterimmuno-electrophoresis, used to detect scedosporiosis serologically, was positive in 27 of 128 (21.1%) patients. The discrepancy between the mycological and serological results may be related to immune cross-reactions between Scedosporium apiospermum and Aspergillus fumigatus. However, symptoms of allergic bronchopulmonary disease were observed in two patients chronically colonized by Scedosporium apiospermum. The results clearly demonstrate that the frequency of this fungus is largely underestimated and that it may trigger an inflammatory response, thus suggesting a pathogenic role in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Sulfation of a polysaccharide produced by a marine filamentous fungus Phoma herbarum YS4108 alters its antioxidant properties in vitro.

Free radicals and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated by all aerobic cells and are widely believed to play a significant role in aging as well as a number of degenerative or pathological diseases. This study compared the free radical-scavenging properties and antioxidant activity of YCP, a polysaccharide from the mycelium of a marine filamentous fungus Phoma herbarum YS 4108 and its two chemically sulfated derivatives YCP-S1 and YCP-S2. Sulfation, which masks hydroxyl groups of YCP polysaccharide molecule, could introduce new antioxidant activity, such as superoxide and hydroxyl radicals scavenging activity, metal chelating action, lipid peroxidation and linoleic acid oxidation inhibition capability. Furthermore, sulfated YCP was more potent than YCP at protecting erythrocytes against oxidative damage hemolysis. The current data suggest for the first time that sulfation of polysaccharide significantly increases its antioxidant activity and the chemical modification of polysaccharides may allow the preparation of derivatives with new properties and a variety of applications.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Visceral mycosis of tropical freshwater fishes (author's transl)].

Fourteen cases of a systemic mycosis in ornamental fresh-water tropical fishes are recorded. Clinical signs, cystic lesions in the liver and spleen, recall those of an infection by the fungus Ichthyophonus, or Ichthyosporidium hoferi. The possibility that the fresh-water fishes' parasite might be of a different species is discussed. Morphological aspects of the yeast-like fungus in culture are described.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[The fungi causing superficial mycoses found in and around Ankara].

In this research the agents in the specimens taken from 400 patients whose diagnosis were superficial cutaneous infection were investigated. The specimens were collected from the Dermatology Clinics of Hacettepe Hospital and Numune Hospital. As a result of our experiments we isolated T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, E. floccosum, T. schoenleini, M. canis, T. violaceum, M. audouini, M. gypseum. It is also established that beside C. albicans, other Candida species are also the causes of cutaneous fungus infection.

Candida↗