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At least 1,675 records · Page 93Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Prostate cancer and chip specimens: complete versus partial sampling.

During a nine-year period, 850 routine prostatectomy specimens were examined by placing all of the tissue in blocks for complete microscopic examination. Of these specimens, 711 were obtained from patients in whom cancer had not been diagnosed previously; 61 cancers were found in this group, with 49 of these cancers from glands that had not been considered questionable on clinical examination. Review of the material suggests that for optimal partial sampling of transurethral prostatectomy specimens, five blocks should be submitted; this method is economical and will detect approximately 90 per cent of cancers, including all those consisting predominantly of Gleason pattern 4 or 5, all progressive cancers, and all cancers identified clinically as stage 3 or 4. The detection of all focal cancers probably requires examination of all tissue, but such detection may be unimportant to the patient's prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2001

All aboard the chip!

The Cambridge Healthtech Institute's Microarrays and Microchips conference was held in Tokyo, Japan, 4-5 June 2001.

Biotechnology↗
PubMed2003

Lab-on-a-chip for drug development.

Significant advances have been made in the development of micro-scale technologies for biomedical and drug discovery applications. The first generation of microfluidics-based analytical devices have been designed and are already functional. Microfluidic devices offer unique advantages in sample handling, reagent mixing, separation, and detection. We introduce and review microfluidic concepts, microconstruction techniques, and methods such as flow-injection analysis, electrokinesis, and cell manipulation. Advances in micro-device technology for proteomics, sample preconditioning, immunoassays, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and polymerase chain reaction are also reviewed.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

A comparative study of osseointegration of titanium implants in corticocancellous block and corticocancellous chip grafts in canine ilium.

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to compare the relative rates and extent of osseointegration of dental implants when placed simultaneously with either corticocancellous block or particulate corticocancellous bone grafts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the canine ilium as a model site, the implants were placed so that each served as its own control. The implants were harvested at 1, 2, or 3 months for evaluation by light microscopy, microradiography, and histomorphometry. RESULTS: Both types of grafts were determined to be viable by microscopic evaluation of fluorescent labels. Qualitatively there appeared to be greater bone density in the corticocancellous block graft implant sites. At 3 months, the block graft implant sites had a level of osseointegration (59.6%) that approximated the control implant sites (65.2%), but was significantly greater than the particulate graft sites (39.2%). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that implants in corticocancellous block grafts develop osseointegration more rapidly than those in particulate bone grafts. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Towards a full karyotype screening of interphase cells: 'FISH and chip' technology.

Numerical chromosome aberrations are incompatible with normal human development. Our laboratories develop hybridization-based screening tools that generate a maximum of cytogenetic information for each polar body or blastomere analyzed. The methods are developed considering that the abnormality might require preparation of case-specific probes and that only one or two cells will be available for diagnosis, most of which might be in the interphase stage. Furthermore, assay efficiencies have to be high, since there is typically not enough time to repeat an experiment or reconfirm a result prior to fertilization or embryo transfer. Structural alterations are delineated with breakpoint-spanning probes. When screening for numerical abnormalities, we apply a Spectral Imaging-based approach to simultaneously score as many as ten different chromosome types in individual interphase cells. Finally, DNA micro-arrays are under development to score all of the human chromosomes in a single experiment and to increase the resolution with which micro-deletions can be delineated.

Blastomeres↗
PubMed2000

Liquid lid for biochemical reactions in chip-based nanovials.

The present paper describes a new technique to suppress evaporation of solvent from very small volumes. Vials (15 nl) on a silicon microchip were filled with water, and covered with a thin, flowing film of a volatile liquid (e.g., octane). Water evaporation was greatly reduced. At 37 degrees C, no appreciable loss of water could be observed over a period of 90 min. At 95 degrees C, most of the water sample was left in the vial for more than 3 min. The applicability of the method is demonstrated by a tryptic digest, where the resulting peptide fragments were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis. In addition, a discussion of the possibilities and limitations of some alternative methods is included in the paper, as well as an outlook on future developments of the liquid lid concept.

Electrophoresis, Capillary↗
PubMed1992

Reduction of ischemia with a new flow-adjustable hemoperfusion pump during coronary angioplasty. The Coronary Hemoperfusion Ischemia Prevention Study (CHIPS) Investigators.

A new flow-adjustable pump for coronary hemoperfusion to prevent ischemia during routine coronary angioplasty was evaluated in a multicenter prospective study of 110 patients. The protocol included patients who had angina or ST segment elevation during a control balloon inflation of less than or equal to 3 min. Hemoperfusion was performed by means of a new large lumen angioplasty catheter utilizing the patient's renal vein or femoral artery blood. Vessels perfused were the left anterior descending coronary artery (n = 74), right coronary artery (n = 39), left circumflex artery (n = 9) and coronary vein grafts (n = 15). Mean (+/- SD) perfusion flow was 41 +/- 9 ml/min (range 17 to 70); mean perfusion time was 9.3 +/- 4 min (median 8.5, range 2 to 30). Chest pain score (0 to 4) decreased from 2.9 +/- 1 to 1.4 +/- 1 during hemoperfusion (p less than 0.001); ST segment elevation score (0 to 4) decreased from 2.6 +/- 1 to 0.7 +/- 1 (p less than 0.005) and inflation time increased from 1.3 +/- 0.9 to 7 +/- 4 min, (p less than 0.001). At least a 50% increase in tolerated inflation time was obtained in 104 patients (95%). Free plasma hemoglobin and creatine kinase levels did not increase significantly over baseline values. Angioplasty was successful in 107 patients (97%), with mean stenosis reduced from 87 +/- 11% to 20 +/- 17%; 3 patients had urgent bypass surgery, 2 (1.8%) had a myocardial infarction (1 Q wave, 1 non-Q wave) and 2 (1.8%) died later in the hospital of probable noncoronary causes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Occlusion of the incisal canal with bone chips. A procedure to facilitate insertion of implants in the anterior maxilla.

In 4 patients, who had lost one or both central maxillary incisors due to trauma, the incisal canals were filled with autogenous cancellous bone harvested from the chin. After a healing period of 4-5 months implants were inserted. At the time of implant surgery in all cases the canal appeared to be replaced by cancellous bone and the implants were placed partially into the grafted area. After another 6 months abutments were connected and crowns made. After follow-up of between 12 and 15 months no fixture has been lost.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The 1991 George Edelstyn Memorial Lecture: needles, wires and chips--advances in brachytherapy.

The majority of quantitative data on the effects of dose-rate come from experiments with cultured cells in vitro. These data are reviewed, and it is concluded that results obtained from the in vitro experience may be carried over, in a quantitative manner, to guide clinical radiotherapeutic design. As an example, there are contradictory guidelines suggested to compensate for changes in dose-rate in interstitial wire-implant brachytherapy. The Paris group has suggested no dose correction is required for implant times from 3 to 8 days, while the Paterson/Ellis school suggests a significant correction. It is shown that, based on known radiobiological principles, this controversy can be resolved. These same radiobiological notions, as well as advances in computer technology, have led to the technique of pulsed brachytherapy, which allows the average dose-rate to be maintained at a constant rate, even when the wire activities have decayed.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1994

[Characterization of fungi isolated from woody-chip piles, especially thermophilic and thermotolerant isolates].

Samples were taken in order to isolate fungi from four woodychip piles (three of these were treated with liquid manure) from different depths. 39 species of 121 isolates could be determined. They represent 28 genera. Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichoderma reseei, Corynascus sespedonium and Mucor hiemalis were isolated most frequently. The isolates were examined for their temperature requirements. Following the definitions of Hawskworth (1983) they could be classified into the three groups of "thermophilic" (28 isolates), "thermotolerant" (29 isolates) and "mesophilic" (64 isolates) fungi. The temperature requirements for sporulation were also examined. Partly sporulation could be observed within more restricted temperature borders than growth but optimal sporulation occurs within wider temperature areas than optimal growth. The optimal sporulation-temperature was defined as the temperature at which sporulation began fastest.

Fungi↗
PubMed1997

Nucleic-acid immobilization, recognition and detection at chronopotentiometric DNA chips.

Wide-scale DNA testing requires the development of fast, small, easy-to-use biosensing devices. Various synthetic oligonucleotides and DNA have thus been immobilized onto microfabricated thick-film carbon transducers for performing several new nucleic-acid assay protocols. These include hybridization detection of nucleic acid sequences, determination of small molecules (drugs, pollutants) based on their collection into the dsDNA layer or via monitoring their effect upon the intrinsic DNA oxidation signal, and direct adsorptive stripping measurements of ultratrace levels of nucleic acids. Transduction of these DNA recognition processes is accomplished by a new highly-sensitive constant-current stripping chronopotentiometric operation. Comparison to traditional electrodes indicates that the biosensing performance is not compromised by the use of mass-producible disposable transducers. Such thick-film DNA biosensors have been coupled to a compact, user-friendly, hand-held analyzer. Applicability for the detection of sequences from M. tuberculosis and HIV-1 DNAs is illustrated. Such activity in the author's laboratory, aimed at developing DNA-coated screen-printed electrodes, is reviewed.

Biosensing Techniques↗