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At least 1,675 records · Page 93Linked to original sources
PubMed1973

Antarctica as a Martian model.

Previous investigators have reported that the microbiological population of the glacier free valleys of southern Victorialand, Antarctica, is sparse, and that from about 10% of the soil samples examined no micro-organisms could be cultivated. Since these areas are assumed to be more favorable to the growth of terrestrial organisms than any Martian environment, the previous authors concluded that the probability of terrestrial organisms growing on Mars would therefore be so small that sterilization standards could be relaxed by many orders of magnitude. The unsuitability of the Antarctic environment to the multiplication of terrestrial micro-organisms was ascribed by them to limiting amounts of water. We have carried out a survey of a variety of environments in the dry valleys, ranging from mountain crests to valley floors. The main purpose of our investigation was the determination of active microbial multiplication in the soil. A series of techniques was employed which permitted the detection of bacterial growth in situ. All evidence points to an active growth of micro-organisms in the Antarctic soil in all locations which we examined. The measurements were supported by electron micrographs of soil films which showed colonial growth covering soil particles. These findings suggest that Antarctica does not serve as a useful model for the Martian environment in evaluating quarantine standards.

Antarctic Regions↗
PubMed2002

[The inheritance and development of Shang han lun (Treatise on cold pathogenic diseases) in the perspective of Wu Jutong's Wen bing tiao bian (Treatise on differentiation and treatment of seasonal warm diseases)].

Wu Jutong is regarded as one of the master figures in the school of seasonal warm diseases. In his representative work Wen bing tiao bian (Treatise on Differentiation and Treatment of Seasonal Warm Diseases), he was not only an expert in adopting and adjusting classical prescriptions, but also good at treating diseases by using warm - hot drugs. On the other hand, Treatise on Differentiation and Treatment of Seasonal Warm Diseases makes up some deficiencies and thus perfects Shang han lun (Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases). So, it is a fact that Wu Jutong inherited and developed Zhongjing's doctrine.

Books↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effectiveness of taking prophylactic nutritional measures at Soviet stations in Antarctica].

A protracted consumption of little-mineralized water, as well as deficiency of calcium salts in the food result in a change of a number of indicators on the level of the water and salt and mineral metabolism in the organism of polar explorers, this manifesting itself in a reduced content of calcium salts in the blood and urine, in a change of the bleeding and blood coagulation time, of diuresis and water intake, acid-base equilibrium and of specific weight of the urine. All these changes occur also against the background of an insufficient supply of a complex set of vitamins into the organism, this being due to the fact that the foodstuffs are delivered to the station but once a year, stored for a long time and then subjected to sulinary treatment. An additional active vitaminzation with increased doses of vitamins and mineralization of the food right from the first days of sojourn at the station made it possible to eliminate all the undesirable consequences and to narrow the range of the acclimatization shifts in the body of polar explorers exposed to extremely unfavourable conditions prevailing in the Antarctic.

Antarctic Regions↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Lipid metabolism in the far North aborigens residing in the Krasnoyarsk territory].

A study of the fat metabolism in the Extreme North aborigens, whose ration is made up chiefly of proteins and fats, demonstrated a decline of the most studied metabolic indices, as compared to those in inhabitants of the temperate geographical belt. Results of a fat load test speak in favour of the organism of the Transpolar aborigens adapting itself to the specific composition of the food ration in the course of ontogenetic development.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2002

[Quantitative characteristics of degenerative succession in Festuca sinensis sowing grassland in the alpine pastoral area].

Quantitative characteristics of degenerative succession in Festuca sinensis sowing grassland in the alpine pastoral area were studied. The results showed that with the succession developing, number of species, richness index, diversity index, and evenness index were all increased, but ecological dominance was decreased. Analysis on important values, niche width, and niche overlaps proved that some herb species such as Ajania tenuifolia and Polygomum sibiricum were pioneer plants invading sowing grassland in the succession process. The pioneer plants had wider niche widths than other species, and their important values increased with the succession developing. Niche overlaps between Festuca sinensis and other species were smaller than that between two latifoliate herbs species in most case. The invasion of latifoliate herbs was one of the most important factors, which made the sowing grassland more degenerative.

Cold Climate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chilling resistances of isolates of Pythium ultimum var. ultimum from the Arctic and Temperate Zones.

Chilling resistances in moss pathogenic fungi, Pythium ultimum var. ultimum, from Longyearbyen, Svalbard (78 degree N, 15 degree E), located in the Arctic Zone and in the same isolates from Temperate Zone, were determined. Both strains had similar optimum growth temperatures. However, the strains from Svalbard could grow and survive at 0 - 5 degrees C. In addition, chilling treatment induced irregular mycelial morphology in the Arctic isolates. On the other hand, the isolates from Japan did not grow at temperatures below 5C and were destroyed after chilling stress (0 degree C for 3 days or at 4 degrees C for 1 week). The results suggested that isolates from Svalbard highly adapted to the severe spring condition in Polar environments.

Arctic Regions↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Maternal-fetal relations in antifreeze production in the eelpout Zoarces viviparus.

The viviparous teleost Zoarces viviparus inhabits the coastal areas of the eastern North Atlantic and Baltic region. Antifreeze activity was measured in serum from pregnant females and embryos during their embryological development inside the ovary and found to be up to 0.95 degree C and 0.85 degree C respectively. Lower levels of antifreeze activity (up to 0.34 C) were discovered in the ovarian fluid. The result is higher hysteresis freezing points and thus less protection to freezing of the ovarian fluid compared to the serum in embryos and the maternal organism. The pertinence of this to the cold tolerance of Z. viviparus is presently unknown. SDS-PAGE of ovarian fluid shows only few protein bands and a difference in proportional density of proteins compared to maternal and embryo serum. This could indicate that another mechanism than rupture of blood vessels in the ovarian wall is of importance for the occurrence of small proteins in the ovarian fluid.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Human and team performance in extreme environments: Antarctica.

Analogous experience is often instructive when attempting to understand human behavior in extreme environments. The current paper refers to the experiences of polar explorers and remote duty personnel to help identify the factors that influence individual and team performance when small groups are isolated and confined for long durations. The principal factors discussed include organizational structure, intracrew communications, interpersonal relations, leadership style, personnel selection, and training. Behavioral implications also are addressed for the design of procedures and equipment to facilitate sustained individual and group performance under conditions of isolation and confinement. To be consistent with the theme of the symposium, this paper emphasizes the crew requirements for an international expedition to Mars.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[New subspecies of Prosimulium macropyga korshunovi Patrusheva subsp. n. (Diptera, Simuliidae) from the Polar Urals].

A new subspecies, Prosimulium macropyga korshunovi Patr. subsp. n., from the Polar Urals differs from other forms of P. macropyga (Lundstr.) and allied species in having two dark longitudinal stripes on the dorsum and by the structure of genitalia in adult insects, by the number of setae in the great flabellum, by the structure of submentum and shape of the ventral incision in larvae and by the branching pattern of respiratory threads in pupa.

Animals↗