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PubMed2006

[Clinical characteristics of Candida septicemia seen in a neonatal intensive care unit: analysis of 9 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics of Candida septicemia occurred in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). METHODS: The clinical characteristics of 9 confirmed cases with septicemia caused by Candida species yeasts were analyzed and summarized. RESULTS: All the 9 cases were preterm infants, including 6 cases of very low birth weight infants. All these cases were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics and parenteral nutrition before fungal infections occurred. Eight cases had percutaneous inserted central catheter (PICC). Three cases had been on ventilator. The symptoms of fungal infection were presented at 8 to 22 days of age. Apnea, poor perfusion and lethargy were common symptoms of these cases with fungal infection. Seven of the 9 cases developed thrombocytopenia. C reactive protein was elevated in 7 cases. Blood culture showed C. albicans in 1 case, C. parapsilosis in 2 cases, and C. guilliermondii in 6 cases. In 5 cases PICC culture showed the same fungus as blood culture revealed at the same time. All the 9 patients received antifungal therapy. Six patients were cured, two died and in one patient the treatments were given up by the parents. CONCLUSIONS: The high risk factors of Candida septicemia in newborn infants include preterm, PICC, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and mechanical ventilation. The clinical presentations are always nonspecific. Thrombocytopenia and elevated C reactive protein are common in Candida septicemia patients. Early-started antifungal therapy can improve the prognosis.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Practical treatments of suppurative skin mycoses and allergic skin mycoses due to Candida].

In the inflammatory mycoses the author recommends an oral treatment consisting in griseofulvin, and, in case of severe inflammation, prednisone per os at the same time with a local treatment (painting with alcohol iodate 1%, followed by the application of a cream with cortisone associated with an antimicrobial antibiotic and pincer epilation). This way the evaluation is 3-4 weeks shorter and the scars and alopecia are avoided. In the allergic manifestations due to Candida (urticaria, eczema, itching), after discussing their peculiarities the author recommends the desensitization with an extract of Candida cultivated right from patient's primitive focus. This type of desensitization is twice specific: specific anti-Candida and at the same time specific to patient's own strain, even in the case of saprophyte Candida. The very good results obtained after 2-3 months of treatment are presented.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Different effects of native Candida albicans mannan and mannan-derived oligosaccharides on antigen-stimulated lymphoproliferation in vitro.

Yeast cell wall mannan polysaccharide has been proposed to contribute to immune dysfunction associated with chronic infections involving Candida albicans. This influence of mannan has been suggested based partially upon studies of the in vitro immunoinhibitory effects of mannans prepared from Saccharomyces cerevisiae or C. albicans by precipitation with Fehling's reagent, which provides a structurally modified product contaminated with copper. We have therefore evaluated the immunoinhibitory influence of a more native C. albicans mannan prepared by complexation with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). CTAB mannan was a potent stimulator of lymphoproliferation when added to human PMBC from donors responsive to Candida; it has no inhibitory influence on lympho-proliferation induced by Candida or other Ag. In contrast, members of a family of mannose oligosaccharides (disaccharide through hexasaccharide) derived from the CTAB mannan by weak alkaline degradation did not stimulate lymphoproliferation, but were potent inhibitors of lymphoproliferation stimulated by Candida and other Ag. Fifty percent inhibitory doses were 260 to 34 microM, respectively. Compositional analyses of these immunoinhibitory oligomers showed them to be composed of mannose and free of contaminating protein. We propose that mannan-derived oligosaccharides produced by catabolism of mannan in vivo are immunoinhibitory and contribute to the deficit in cell-mediated immune function associated with chronic candidiasis.

Antigens, Fungal↗
PubMed1990

Reactivity of Cryptococcus neoformans & Candida species with concanavalin A & blood grouping sera.

Forty strains of Cryptococcus neoformans, 30 of Candida albicans, 24 of C. parapsilosis and 10 strains each of C. tropicalis and C. (Torulopsis) glabrata were examined. A 0.2 per cent solution of concanavalin A (Con A) in phosphate buffered saline and commercial anti-A and anti-B blood grouping sera were used in the whole cell slide agglutination test. All the isolates of Candida species strongly reacted with Con A and over 90 per cent were agglutinated by anti-A and -B blood grouping sera. In contrast, except for one strain, Cryptococcus neoformans did not agglutinate with Con A or blood grouping sera. These findings suggest, on one hand, a fundamental difference in the sugar mosaic of the cell surface components of Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida species, and on the other, presence of similar antigenic determinant(s)/receptors on the cell surface of Candida species and human erythrocytes.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1990

Anti-Candida antibody levels in psoriasis vulgaris.

Recent reports have suggested a role of Candida colonization of gut in psoriatic patients. In this study, intestinal yeasts and anti-candida immune response were investigated in 39 patients with psoriasis vulgaris. Anti-candida antibodies were determined by indirect haemagglutination (IHAT) and indirect immunofluorescence (IFAT) tests. Stool specimens showed 93pc C. albicans colonization but none of the patients showed clinical candidiasis. Four patients showed an increased IHAT titer and six patients showed an increased IFAT titer, the others were all in normal limits. Anti-Candida antibody titers did not correlate with PASI (Psoriasis area and severity index) scores.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Adherence of Candida albicans to acrylic surfaces].

The ability of Candida albicans IFO 1385 to adhere to acrylic and the partial characterization of an adhesive substance, named AS, which was isolated from the yeast, were studied in vitro. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The cells cultured in the synthetic media (YNB) containing 500 mM galactose showed a much greater tendency to adhere than did those cells cultured in the YNB containing 500 mM glucose. 2. More cells prepared by the standing cultivation adhered to acrylic than did those prepared by the stirring cultivation. 3. A large number of the adherent cells was obtained when the acrylic plates were incubated at 37 degrees C for 90 min in the cell suspension at a concentration of 1.0 x 10(7) cells/ml. The plates were observed without staining. 4. AS was isolated from the surface of C. albicans, grown on different carbon sources (50 mM glucose, 500 mM glucose and 500 mM galactose), by treatment with ultrasonication. 5. Three different kinds of AS isolated from the three carbon sources were slightly soluble in distilled water. All were similar in composition to each other, and contained 62-68% carbohydrate (as glucose) and 23-26% protein (as BSA). 6. Silica particles adhered to acrylic coated with AS and pretreatment of acrylic with AS promoted C. albicans adhesion. However, similar pretreatment inhibited subsequent Candida glabrata and Candida krusei adhesion. As to subsequent adhesion of Candida tropicalis, no significant data were obtained. 7. Adhesion assay using the silica particles, the adhesive ability of the AS was significantly reduced by treatment with trypsin or pronase E, but not with papain, alpha-amylase, dextranase or zymolyase.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1989

[The significance of yeastlike fungi of the genus Candida in the clinical picture of candidiasis of the oral mucosa].

Results are reported of a study of the antilysozyme activity of 72 strains of yeastlike Candida fungi. A comparative analysis is made of the antilysozyme activity of yeastlike Candida fungi isolated in patients of all age groups. The authors emphasize the relation of these factors to variants of the clinical course of the oral cavity mucosa candidosis, Candida carrier state and capacity of Candida fungi to persistence. It is recommended to use the antilysozyme test for predicting the course of the disease.

Candida↗
PubMed1989

[Drug sensitivity of Candida in patients with kidney diseases receiving immunosuppressive therapy].

It was shown that prednisolone and its combination with azathioprine++ increased contamination of the patients with yeast-like fungi and promoted development of candidiasis in them to a greater extent than cyclophosphamide. In the patients treated with the immunodepressants there was observed a carrier state in regard to various yeast-like fungi: 12 species belonging to 6 genera were isolated from the pathological materials. Determination of sensitivity to antifungal drugs in 200 Candida strains revealed that amphotericin B was the most active agent. Then followed mycoheptin, nystatin and nitroxolin. Levorin was the least active drug. The MICs of the drugs for the majority of the cultures were 0.5, 4-8, 8-16 and 32-64 micrograms/ml respectively. Candida resistant strains (mainly to levorin and mycoheptin) were isolated only from recipients of kidney transplants during the early postoperative period when the patients were subjected to intensive immunodepressive and prophylactic antifungal therapy. Among the fungi of the Candida genus C. guillermondii and C. parapsilosis proved to be the most resistant. Under the hospital conditions and in vitro studies it was found that cyclophosphamide and combinations of prednisolone with cytostatics increased resistance of Candida to the antifungal drugs. Rapid increasing of the fungi resistance to levorin and mycoheptin was observed. The increase in the resistance to amphotericin B was somewhat lower and that to nitroxolin and nystatin was extremely low. The study of the combined effect of the immunodepressants and antifungal drugs demonstrated that the immunodepressants increased the antifungal activity of amphotericin B, levorin and nitroxolin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1989

[Determination of Candida albicans mannan antigen in serum].

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of Candida albicans mannan antigen in sera pretreated with pronase was used for investigation of antigenemia in 3 groups of patients: Group A: No antigen was detected in patients (n = 270), which were under control by a mycological surveillance programme. They were clinically not suspicious of candidosis and had no remarkable mycological findings. Group B: Candida antigen was detected in 13 cases of 158 patients (= 8.2%), which suffered from unclear clinical symptoms. Therefore a mycological laboratory diagnosis was performed yielding no remarkable findings neglecting the positive antigen detection. Group C: Candida antigen was also detected in 9 cases of 64 patients (= 14.0%), which were suspicious of candidosis and/or had remarkable mycological laboratory findings. The difference between the frequency of antigenemia in group B and C was not significant. According to our preliminary experiences the detection of Candida mannan antigen may support the early diagnosis of invasive candidosis. Yet antigen findings should not be separately interpreted but included in all available clinical and mycological results.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Antimycotic sensitivity of Candida (author's transl)].

We studied on the sensitivity of 184 candida species from various samples isolated in our mycology laboratory, to nystatin, miconazole and pimaricine by using both the agar disc diffusion and dilution methods and then compared the results. Our findings showed that antimycotic sensitivity could largely vary in different candida species. Therefore, we came to the conclusion that the use of sensitivity tests in infections caused by candidas, as used in bacerial infections, would play an important role for cure effectiveness and in the fight against resistance increases as well. In addition it is well observed that the practical characteristics of agar disc diffusion techniques in valid also for candidas.

Candida↗
PubMed1988

[Evaluation of Candida HA titer in patients with urinary tract infections].

The serum candida antibody (HA titer) was measured by means of indirect hemagglutination test in 28 patients with complicated urinary tract infections (UTI) and 11 control subjects. The peripheral lymphocytes subsets (OKT-3,4,8 and 4/8 ratio) were also examined in same patients. The 17 UTI patients who had Candida species in their urine had a higher HA titer than the other UTI patients without Candida or control subjects, but elderly UTI patients (over 71 years old) did not show higher HA titer. A positive correlation was seen between HA titer and OKT-3,4 or 4/8 ratio. On the other hand, HA titer and OKT-8 showed a negative relationship. Therefore, the ability to produce the candida antibody might be closely related to the host cellular immune responsiveness.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

[Identification of mutations in the asporogenic yeast Candida tropicalis using intrageneric fusion of protoplasts].

The possibility of genetic identification of mutations in asporogenic yeast by the technique of intrageneric fusion of yeast protoplasts of Candida tropicals and Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been demonstrated for Candida tropicals strains G5-9 (Ade- Leu-) and G32-4 (Leu-). The mutations to auxotrophy ade- in the strain G5-9 and leu- in G32-4 of Candida tropicals are allelic to ade2 and leu1 mutations in the genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. The allelic character of adenine auxotrophy mutation in Candida tropicals and ade2 mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is confirmed by the absence of AIR-carboxylase activity in cellular extract from the strain G5-9.

Alleles↗
PubMed1987

The pathogenesis of experimental arteritis induced by Candida alkali-extract in mice.

The pathogenesis of experimental arteritis induced by Candida alkali-extract in mice was studied from the immunological, pharmacological and chemical points of view. The following results were obtained. 1) The incidence of arteritis increased in parallel with IgE antibody level of Candida, as shown by the PCA method. 2) Candida polysaccharide showed cardiotonic, coronary vasodilatatory and vasoconstrictive activities on Langendorff's and spiral preparation of rats. 3) Candida polysaccharide was shown to contain digitoxose by gas-mass spectrometry. From these results, it is suspected that this extract reacts on experimental animals by the toxic and immunological mechanisms, and that these mechanisms may be related to the occurrence of arteritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Phagocytosis of Candida albicans by rabbit alveolar macrophages and guinea pig neutrophils.

Studies of host-parasite relationships at the cellular level, using Candida albicans and rabbit alveolar macrophages or guinea pig neutrophils are presented. Guinea pig neutrophils killed the intracellular candida cells presumed by myeloperoxidase-halide-hydrogen peroxide system. In contrast, rabbit alveolar macrophages did not kill the intracellular candida cells although their phagocytic rate was almost comparable to that of neutrophils. Phagocytizing macrophages were eventually destroyed by the intracellular proliferation of candida cells and formation of germ tubes and pseudomycelia. No significant improvement of candidacidal activity was observed with macrophages from normal and immunized rabbits in immune serum. The mode of phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils were also studied under the scanning electron microscope.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Immunoglobulin class of anti-Candida antibodies in patients with vaginal candidiasis.

Studies of the immunoglobulin class of circulating anti-Candida antibodies in patients with vaginal candidiasis were undertaken with the aim of answering the question of whether these antibodies are predominantly IgA or IgG. Earlier work resulted in conflicting data that we felt would be clarified by the use of a quantitative technique, FIAX fluoroimmunoassay, which could objectively measure the relative amounts of antibody of each class. Results using this assay and the indirect immunofluorescence assay on whole Candida cells demonstrate that the immunoglobulin class distribution of the circulating anti-Candida antibodies of these patients is similar to that seen in other forms of Candida infection, the predominant antibody class being IgG.

Antibodies, Fungal↗
PubMed1979

[Effect of the polyene antibiotic, roseofungin, on the liberation of the intracellular components from Candida guilliermondii cells and from rat erythrocytes].

Liberation of inorganic ions (potassium and phosphorus), nucleotides and protein from the cells of Candida guilliermondii and rat erythrocytes was studied. It was found that leakage of these components depended on the incubation time, antibiotic dose and amount of the cell material. The potassium ions proved to be most sensitive to the antibiotic: even at low concentrations of roseofungin (2-4 microgram/ml) the amount of the intracellular potassium changed. A decrease in the dry mass and volume concentration in the cells of Candida guilliermondii and lysis in the red blood cells were observed in addition to the leakage of the above intracellular components. The cells of Candida guiliermondii at the beginning of the semilogarithmic growth phase were especially sensitive to roseofungin. The coefficient of roseofungin distribution in the cells of Candida guiliermondü was evaluated. The maximum distribution coefficient was observed at roseofungin concentrations of 40 and 80 microgram/ml for the 4- and 18-hour cultures respectively. Therefore, the effect of roseofungin is characteristic of polyens.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cyanide-resistant respiration in Torulopsis candida].

The effect of cyanide and the inhibitors of cyanide-resistant oxidase--hydroxamic acids on endogenous respiration and oxidation of a number of substrates by Torulopsis candida resting cells taken at different stages of growth on glucose and hexadecane was studied and made it possible to arrive at the following conclusions. 1. The effect of cyanide on endogenous respiration of T. candida differs during its growth on glucose and hexadecane. On hexadecane, irrespective of the growth phage, cyanide inhibits endogenous respiration by 70--75%. On glucose, cyanide inhibits endogenous respiration not more than by 35% and only at the exponential growth phase whereas it stimulates endogenous respiration in the course of other growth stages. 2. The effect of cyanide on respiration of the resting cells of T. candida which oxidize glucose, hexadecane, primary alcohols and tetradecanoic acid hardly depends on the growth stage. It is determined mainly by the nature of a substrate to be oxidized. 3. Hydroxamic acid have no effect on the cell respiration in the absence of cyanide. However, in its presence, they entirely inhibit both endogenous respiration and oxidation of the aforementioned substrates. 4. Under almost all above experimental conditions, the sensitivity of cell respiration to cyanide changes only slightly at different stages of growth on either glucose or hexadecane. This feature markedly distinguishes T. candida among other cyanide-resistant yeasts.

Candida↗
PubMed1980

Purified Candida albicans proteinase in the serological diagnosis of systemic candidosis.

An inducible, exocellular proteinase enzyme, purified from culture filtrates of Candida albicans, was tested as an antigen for the detection of serum anti-Candida precipitins. The purified proteinase was a more specific antigen for the serological diagnosis of systemic candidosis than traditional cytoplasmic extracts of the fungus. Precipitin titers to purified proteinase exceeded 1:4 in 75% of serum samples from 12 patients with confirmed systemic Candida infection, in 23% of serum samples from 22 patients positive for Candida anticytoplasm antibodies but without corroborative diagnostic evidence of systemic candidosis, and in none of 28 serum samples from patients without either candidosis or anticytoplasm antibodies.

Antigens, Fungal↗