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PubMed1989

Physiological aspects of pregnancy and parturition in dogs.

During late pregnancy (greater than 50 days) the pattern of uterine electrical activity is characterized by episodes of activity lasting 3-10 min and recurring at a low frequency (maximum 2.5/h). During the last 7 days before delivery there is a progressive qualitative change in activity which is correlated with the decrease in plasma progesterone concentration. Together with significant quantitative changes in uterine activity which occur during the last 24 h before parturition and after the sharp fall in progesterone concentration this suggests that progesterone plays a crucial role in the process of parturition in the bitch. Experiments with a calcium-channel antagonist have demonstrated the important role of Ca2+ ions in uterine contractility in dogs, but further investigations will be necessary to illustrate the clinical significance of hypocalcaemia in relation to primary uterine inertia. By marking all fetuses in utero before term by means of a radio-opaque substance, it was demonstrated that, when one or more pups were left in each uterine horn after birth of a pup, 78.2% of the pups were expelled from the contralateral horn. Assessment of the blood gas and acid-base status in spontaneously born puppies indicated that the initial state of acidosis is more severe than in several other domestic species. A mild to severe combined respiratory-metabolic acidosis occurs in almost every newborn puppy.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Insulin and growth-hormone responses in neonatal hyperglycemia.

Glucose, insulin, and growth hormone values were studied prospectively in 75 premature infants during the first five days after birth. Intravenous glucose was given at a mean rate of 4.7-4.9 mg./kg./min. (range 3-7). Mean birth weight was 1,394+/-47 gm. (mean+/-S.E.M.). Blood glucose values were significantly higher on days 1 and 2 than on days 3 to 5. Hypoglycemia (blood glucose less than 20 mg./100 ml.) occurred in two SGA and one AGA infants. On the other hand, hyperglycemia (greater than 125 mg./100 ml.) was found in 32 of the 75 (42.7 per cent) infants. A significantly greater number of deaths occurred in infants with hyperglycemia (19/32) than in those with normoglycemia (19/32) than in those with normoglycemia (5/43). Mean plasma insulin values were significantly higher on days 1 and 2 (15+/-3 and 18+/-4 muU./ml.) than on days 3 and 4-5 (6+/-1 and 7+/-2 muU./ml.). In addition, mean insulin levels were significantly higher during hyperglycemic than during normoglycemic glucose levels at similar postnatal age. Growth hormone values were higher during the first three days than subsequently, but the values were similar in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic groups. Significant negative correlations were seen between glucose values on the first two days of postnatal life and birth weight, gestational age, and Apgar scores, whereas positive correlations were found with FiO2 and respiratory distress score (RDS).

Acidosis, Respiratory↗