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PubMed1967

A procedure for the quantitative analysis of the sulphur amino acids of rat tissues.

1. A method is described for the quantitative separation of the sulphur compounds in a single sample of tissue by passing an extract through a serial assembly of ion-exchange resins in the order: Dowex 2 (Cl(-) form), Dowex 1 (CO(3) (2-) form), Amberlite CG-50 (H(+) form) and Zeo-Karb 225 (H(+) form). 2. Groups of sulphur amino acids were eluted separately from each column; the recovery of sulphur compounds after their labelling with (35)S in vivo by injection of l-[(35)S]-methionine was 91-106%. Individual sulphur compounds were further resolved by one-dimensional or two-dimensional paper chromatography. 3. Evidence is presented on the occurrence of S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine in rat liver and brain. Rat liver and brain contained 83.6 and 31.4mmu-moles/g. respectively of S-adenosylmethionine.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

Quantitative analysis of nuclear distribution pattern differentiating carcinoma from hyperplasia in endometrial cytologic studies.

A method of quantitatively analyzing the distribution pattern (DP) of nuclei was introduced and applied to the differential diagnosis between hyperplasia and carcinoma in endometrial cytology. The DP of nuclei can be defined mathematically by [formula: see text] (DP index), where r is the mean distance between nearest nuclei and n0 the number of nuclei per unit area. The DP index has a limited range of decreasing values from 1.074 to 0.5, indicative of regular to random patterns of nuclear distribution. The estimated DP index (mean +/- standard deviation) was 0.826 +/- 0.029 in 23 normal cases, 0.735 +/- 0.019 in 17 cases of adenomatous and atypical hyperplasia, and 0.636 +/- 0.042 in 18 cases of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. The DP index was significantly different between these three conditions (P less than 0.01). This result indicates that the endometrial epithelial cells lose their normally regular arrangement in the development of neoplastic change, approaching a random arrangement. Quantitative detection of this architectural change with the use of the DP index can facilitate differential diagnosis between hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma in cytologic specimens of the uterine corpus.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2003

Quantitative analysis of the relationship between sedation and resting energy expenditure in postoperative patients.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze quantitatively the relationship between sedation and resting energy expenditure or oxygen consumption in postoperative patients. DESIGN: A prospective, clinical study. SETTING: An eight-bed intensive care unit at a university hospital. PATIENTS: Thirty-two postoperative patients undergoing either esophagectomy or surgery of malignant tumors of the head and neck who required mechanical ventilation and sedation for > or = 2 days postoperatively. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 133 metabolic measurements were performed. Ramsay sedation scale (RSS), body temperature, and the dose of midazolam were evaluated at the time of the metabolic cart study. All patients received analgesia with buprenorphine at a fixed dose of 0.625 microg x kg(-1) x hr(-1) continuously. Midazolam was used for induction and maintenance of intravenous sedation after admission to the intensive care unit. The initial dose was 0.04 mg x kg(-1) x hr(-1) and was adjusted to achieve a desired depth of sedation at 3, 4, or 5 on the RSS every 4 hrs. The degree of sedation was classified into three states: light sedation (RSS 2-3; n = 49), moderate sedation (RSS 4; n = 39), and heavy sedation (RSS 5-6; n = 45). RESULTS: With increasing the depth of sedation, oxygen consumption index (mL x min(-1) x m(-2)), resting energy expenditure index (REEI; kcal x day(-1) x m(-2)), and REE/basal energy expenditure (BEE) decreased significantly. Oxygen consumption index (mean +/- SD), REEI, and REE/BEE were 151 +/- 18, 1032 +/- 120, and 1.29 +/- 0.17 in the light sedation, 139 +/- 22, 947 +/- 143, and 1.20 +/- 0.16 in the moderate sedation, and 125 +/- 16, 865 +/- 105, and 1.13 +/- 0.12 in the heavy sedation, respectively. CONCLUSION: An increase in the depth of sedation progressively decreases in oxygen consumption index and REEI in postoperative patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Quantitative analysis of cardiac function in non-immunological hydrops fetalis.

The present study was designed to quantitatively evaluate fetal cardiac dysfunction in fetal congestive heart failure associated with cardiogenic hydrops fetalis. Thirty-seven cases of non-immunological hydrops fetalis and/or fetal heart disease were assigned to four groups: (1) hydrops fetalis with structural heart disease; (2) hydrops fetalis without heart disease; (3) structural heart diseases without hydrops, and (4) complete A-V block without hydrops. One hundred and ten control fetuses were also studied. The ejection fraction in the first and third groups was significantly lower than that in the control. In the first group, systolic flow velocity in the descending aorta normalized but gestational age was significantly lower than that in the controls. Compensation of fetal cardiac function in the fourth group (complete A-V block) was noted on the basis of higher flow velocity and higher contractility. The cardiothoracic area ratios of the pathological and control groups were also evaluated.

Female↗
PubMed1988

Quantitative analysis of right and left ventricular infarction in the presence of postinfarction ventricular septal defect.

To quantitate the amount of right and left ventricular infarction in patients dying with postinfarction ventricular septal defect (PIVSD), hearts from 54 patients with anterior or inferior myocardial infarction were studied at autopsy. Fifteen hearts had myocardial infarction with PIVSD and 39 hearts had infarction without PIVSD and were used as a comparison group. All infarcts were sized histologically and the percent of each ventricle infarcted was quantitated by computer-assisted planimetry. The pathologic substrate for PIVSD was diffuse coronary artery disease with acute thrombosis resulting in transmural confluent infarction. Within the PIVSD group, there was significantly more left ventricle involved in anterior infarctions than in inferior infarctions (p less than .04). Conversely, there was more right ventricular infarction in inferiorly located myocardial infarctions with resulting PIVSD (p = .059). When infarctions resulting in PIVSD were compared with infarctions not resulting in PIVSD, the PIVSD group was characterized by larger left and right ventricular infarcts irrespective of infarct location (p less than .003). The incidence of right ventricular infarction was 100% in the PIVSD group (p less than .0001). Twelve of the 15 patients with PIVSD (80%) developed cardiogenic shock within 48 hr of septal rupture. The high incidence of shock and the rapid deterioration may have been secondary to right ventricular infarction in these patients. Therefore, infarcts resulting in PIVSD and subsequent death are characterized by a high incidence of right ventricular infarction. Significantly more infarction of the right ventricle is seen in either anterior or inferior infarctions resulting in PIVSD compared with infarctions not resulting in PIVSD. PIVSD complicating inferior infarctions is associated with the greatest amount of right ventricular infarction.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Requirements for quantitative analysis of intimal reaction in arteries treated with intraluminal stents.

PURPOSE: To assess the reliability of quantitative histomorphometry measurements for the intimal reaction that occurs after intraluminal stenting in an animal model. METHODS: Two self-expanding intravascular stents, a biodegradable poly-D/L-lactic acid (PLA) stent and a stainless steel Wallstent, were implanted in the common iliac arteries of a beagle dog. After 45 days, the histomorphometry of the stented iliac artery segments was quantitatively measured. The relative standard error (RSE) of the estimate was calculated, and the reliability of measurements for maximal (LDmax) and minimal (LDmin) luminal diameters and internal (IELT) and external (EELT) elastic lamina thicknesses was assessed. RESULTS: The PLA stent required more measurements of variables from a single slide to ensure reliable (RSE<10%) results (1 for LDmax, 1 for LDmin, 8 for IELT, and 4 for EELT) compared to the Wallstent (1 for LDmax, 1 for LDmin, 2 for IELT, and 2 for EELT 2). The measured results were reliable for both stent materials when variables were measured from 2 slides of each segment (proximal/central/distal) of the stent. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that these preliminary measurements to estimate the reliability of quantitative histomorphometry measurements should be made and reported before final results are given.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic acids in Asclepias syriaca L.

TLC and HPLC was applied to qualitative and quantitative determination of phenolic acids free and liberated by acid and alkaline hydrolysis in common milkweed. The presence of phenolic acids, namely p-hydroxybenzoic, p-coumaric, protocatechuic and caffeic acids, was confirmed in the leaves and flowers. Moreover, the flowers contained gallic acid, and the leaves contained alpha-resorcylic, vanilic and chlorogenic acids. Conjugated forms of phenolic acids predominate in the plant. They hydrolyse mainly to coffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2004

[Quantitative analysis of circulating DNA in serum of cancer patients].

OBJECTIVE: To develop a method for ng quantitation of circulating DNA in serum and explore the value in the diagnosis of cancer. METHODS: Serum DNA was extracted by commercial "genomic DNA extraction kit" and detected by fluorescent dye (SYBR green I) staining. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at BRCA1 (D17S579, D17S855) and p53 (TP53, D17S786) in serum DNA was analyzed by PCR-based method. RESULTS: SYBR green I dot staining could detect DNA as low as 2 ng. Using this method, we detected serum samples from 483 patients with various types of cancer and 150 healthy individuals. The mean DNA concentration in the normal controls was 22.2 +/- 13.4 ng/ml, while that in cancer patients was 81.3 +/- 98.3 ng/ml (P < 0.001). In 33 ovarian cancer patients with increased DNA level, 27(81.8%) displayed LOH in at least one of the four loci analyzed. CONCLUSION: Circulating DNA in serum may become additional tumor marker for the diagnosis of cancer.

BRCA1 Protein↗
PubMed1992

Quantitative analysis of SH2 domain binding. Evidence for specificity and competition.

We report the development of a quantitative assay for measuring SH2 domain binding in vitro. Using this assay we have analyzed the binding of purified recombinant SH2 domains from ras GTPase activating protein (GAP) and the 85-kDa subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (p85) to proteins from epidermal growth factor-stimulated and v-src-transformed cells. The purified recombinant SH2 domains from GAP and p85 bind to the tyrosine phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor with nanomolar affinities. Moreover, competition studies suggest that these two proteins bind to equivalent or overlapping sites on this receptor. In v-src-transformed cells the purified recombinant SH2 domains from GAP and p85 bind to distinct but overlapping sets of proteins.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1976

[Quantitative analysis of characteristics of the negative feedback regulation of ACTH secretion under stress (author's transl)].

Quantitative characteristics and a plausible mechanism of rapid rate-sensitive feedback inhibition of the CRF-ACTH-corticoid system were studied using Nembutal-anesthetized rats. The plasma corticosterone levels were varied by continuous infusion of corticosterone through a lateral caudal vein. The response to an intravenous injection of histamine (as a stressor) was distinctly inhibited in two phases of the dynamics of plasma corticosterone; one in its rapidly increasing phase (rapid rate-sensitive feedback inhibition) and the other, two hours or more after a high plasma steroid level has been attained (late level-sensitive feedback inhibition). On the other hand, there was no such inhibition between these two phases. A quantitative approach made by repeated blood sampling from single rats revealed that the critical rate of elevation of plasma corticosterone at which the rate-sensitive feedback inhibition). On the other hand, there was no such inhibition between these two phases. A quantitative approach made by repeated blood sampling from single rats revealed that the critical rate of elevation of plasma corticosterone at which the rate-sensitive inhibition begins to obviously occur was 4-6 mug%/min. Even with increasing strength of stress, the absolute size of inhibition at a fixed rate of elevation in plasma corticosterone remained almost the same. The increase in the median eminence-CRF activity, known to occur after stress, was effectively suppressed during the operation of rapid feedback inhibition. In addition, in brain noradrenaline-depleted rats, the rapid component in the feedback inhibition was thoroughly abolished, leaving the late component intact, while the opposite way in sorotonin-reduced rats. This finding suggests an involvement of brain biogenic amines in the negative feedback regulation of ACTH secretion in a rather specific way. Finally, on the basis of these results, a plausible model for the rapid rate-sensitive feedback regulation of ACTH secretion under stress was considered.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1991

[Quantitative analysis of coronary arteriogram by a computer-assisted method].

A computer-assisted method for quantitating coronary arteriograms was applied to measure the diameter of major epicardial coronary arteries in 58 normal subjects and 25 hypertensive patients, and to determine the percentage of relative stenosis of coronary lesions in 109 patients with coronary artery disease. Average coronary size was larger than normal in patients with hypertension. The left coronary artery was larger than the right coronary artery in the majority of patients. The degree of coronary stenosis can be measured accurately with good reproducibility. Thus this inexpensive microprocessor system provides rapid quantitation of coronary artery diameter and lesions.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1990

Quantitative analysis of the endocytic system involved in hormone-induced receptor internalization.

We have developed a quantitative method to evaluate the interaction between cell surface receptors and the endocytic apparatus. This method exploits occupancy-dependent changes in internalization rates that occur in cells expressing high numbers of receptors. We found that constitutive internalization of the transferrin receptor behaves as a simple, first order process that is unaltered by ligand. Internalization of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, however, behaves as a saturable, second order process that is induced by receptor occupancy. Internalization of EGF receptors occurs through at least two distinct pathways: a low capacity pathway that has a relatively high affinity for occupied receptors, and a low affinity pathway that has a much higher capacity. The high affinity pathway was observed in all cells having receptors with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. Mutant EGF receptors lacking kinase activity could not utilize the high affinity pathway and were internalized only through the low affinity one. Mutated receptors with decreased affinity for kinase substrates were also internalized at decreased rates through the high affinity, inducible pathway. In the case of vitellogenin receptors in Xenopus oocytes, occupied receptors competed more efficiently for internalization than empty ones. Insulin increased the endocytic capacity of oocytes for vitellogenin receptors. Similarly, serum increased the capacity of the inducible pathway for EGF receptors in mammalian cells. These data are consistent with a model of internalization in which occupied receptors bind to specific cellular components that mediate rapid internalization. Ligand-induced internalization results from an increase in the affinity of occupied receptors for the endocytic apparatus. Hormones can also indirectly regulate endocytosis by increasing the number of coated pits or their rate of internalization. The ability to dissect receptor-specific effects from cell-specific ones should be very useful in investigating the molecular mechanisms of receptor mediated endocytosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Quantitative analysis of cultured thymic reticulo-epithelial cells labelled by different antibodies: a flow cytometric study.

Quantitative measurements of cultured human and murine thymic, and human thymoma reticuloepithelial cells (REC), immunolabeled by different antibodies (Ab) (TE3, TE4, anti-HTLV p19(p19), lu5, K11 and Aks) and by thymic hormones (thymulin and thymosin alpha 1 (Ta1)) within these cells, were performed using a flow cytometric technique. The anti-keratin polyclonal Ab labeled nearly the whole human or murine population. The p19 monoclonal Ab (MoAb), specific for the subcortical/medullary thymic regions, labelled 37-77% of the human REC. The TE3 MoAb, specific for the cortical region, labelled 54-83% of the REC. These percentages suggest that the cultured thymic REC (TREC) had markers of both regions together and therefore that these markers are not absolutely specific to determine their subcortical/medullary or cortical thymic origin. For the three populations there were more cells containing Ta1 than thymulin. The overlap of the percentage of labelled cells suggests that the same cell could synthesize the two hormones and that these hormones could be localized within the TE3 positive cells.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intestinal metaplasia of the stomach. I: Quantitative analysis in gastric peptic ulcer and in incipient adenocarcinoma in Japanese subjects.

A novel method of quantitation of the extent of intestinal metaplasia (IM) was applied to 50 resected stomachs from Japanese subjects; 25 with peptic gastric ulcer, 25 with incipient adenocarcinoma. The total length of the IM was significantly larger (p less than 0.05) in incipient adenocarcinomas than in peptic ulcers; the total length of the gastric mucosa analyzed being similar in the two groups. The intestinal metaplasia index (IMI; i.e. the ratio between IM and the length of the gastric mucosa analyzed) in incipient adenocarcinomas was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than in gastric ulcers. In incipient adenocarcinomas, the IMI decreased significantly (p. less than 0.001) from lesser towards greater curvature. In peptic ulcers, the decrease was less abrupt. In 12 of the 25 specimens, the incipient adenocarcinoma was classified as intestinal type, and in the remaining 13 specimens as diffuse type. The total length of the IM was significantly larger (p less than 0.01) in specimens with intestinal type adenocarcinoma than in specimens with diffuse type; the total length of the gastric mucosa investigated being similar in the two groups. The IMI was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in specimens containing intestinal type adenocarcinoma as compared to those with diffuse type adenocarcinoma. This was valid for the lesser curvature, for the mucosa adjacent to the lesser curvature, and for the mucosa by the greater curvature. From the results, it is apparent that intestinal metaplasia is a widely occurring phenomenon not only in specimens with intestinal type incipient adenocarcinoma or with diffuse type incipient adenocarcinoma, but also with benign peptic ulcer. The difference resides in that the metaplastic mucosa is more universally distributed in specimens with incipient intestinal adenocarcinomas (provided that longitudinal mucosal areas are considered in the comparison). The quantitative method herein reported will be applied in the future to compare the extent and distribution of intestinal metaplasia in gastric specimens from various geographical regions having disparate incidences of gastric ulcers and carcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

[Quantitative analysis of EEG background activity in drug-naive schizophrenic patients].

In this study we performed quantitative EEG analyses in 12 drug-naive patients who fulfilled DSM-IIIR criteria for schizophrenia and in a group of 12 healthy subjects. The schizophrenic patients were found to have slower activity (delta and theta) than the controls. These differences were most marked in the frontal region for delta band and in the occipital region for theta band. The schizophrenic patients also had more beta 1 activity, particularly in the occipital leads. Conversely, they had less alpha 2 activity over all regions examined. Our findings indicate cerebral dysfunction in schizophrenia and are in line with the hypothesis of hypofrontality in this disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Quantitative analysis of bioelectrical potentials for the diagnosis of internal organ pathology and theoretical speculations concerning electrical circulation in the organism.

Over 900 experiments on dogs and 135 clinical investigations of healthy people and patients of psychiatric and cardiological departments were performed. With the aid of a 8-channel biopotential amplifier and integrator, bioelectrical potential (BEP) directly from internal organs or from various skin zones were recorded. The quantitative parameters of the BEP--their square values and the sum of the square values of BEP recorded simultaneously from several points of the organism--were measured. The effect of low (1 Hz) and high (28 GHz) frequency electrical stimulation was studied. The stimulation of spleen, liver, stomach, small intestine and corresponding acupuncture points had the greatest effect on the quantitative parameters of the BEP in stomach and small intestine. During patient investigation, the most remarkable changes of the studied parameters were noticed in the BEP recorded from the acupuncture points of the affected internal organ meridians. The existence of the common points between Eastern medicine and Western science are discussed. The analysis of the BEP quantitative parameters proves the existence of electrophysiological equilibrium parameters in the organism--bioelectrical homeostasis. The possible theories of electrical circulation in the organism and their relations with traditional acupuncture theoretical concepts are also discussed.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed2000

Quantitative analysis of glioma cell invasion by confocal laser scanning microscopy in a novel brain slice model.

To quantitatively analyze the spatial extent of glioma cell migration in an organotypic brain slice culture, we developed a new invasion model with the aid of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). CLSM allowed not only for three-dimensional visualization of the invasive pattern of human T98G glioma cells in the living brain slice but also for serial analysis of the invasive process over several weeks. Twenty-four hours after the T98G glioma spheroid was initiated to coculture with a brain slice, the glioma cells detached themselves from the spheroid and spontaneously continued to migrate on the surface of the brain slice, while they diffusely invaded into the slice by migrating to a deeper site. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that these migrating glioma cells much more strongly immunostained for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 than the tumor spheroid which remained at the implanted site. Treatment of the T98G glioma spheroid with 1,10-phenanthroline, a specific inhibitor of MMPs, significantly inhibited not only the cell migration on the surface of the brain slice but also the invasion of the glioma cells into the slice. The present version of the glioma invasion model using CLSM makes it possible to spatially and serially analyze the extent of glioma cell invasion in the living brain slice for several weeks, making it a very useful tool for investigating the cellular and molecular mechanisms of glioma invasion under conditions most analogous to those of normal brains in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

A quantitative analysis of the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin in mesangioproliferative (GnMes) glomerulonephritis.

The aim of the study was to quantitatively assess the expression of alpha-SMA in the renal interstitium in GnMes cases. Two image analysis approaches (in grey scale and in spatial colour images) were used to determine correctly the presence of the reaction. In spatial evaluation, the mean area fraction of a-SMA in the renal interstitium was 3.63% +/- 1.29%, while the results obtained from traditional quantitative method based on grey scale images were biased and too low.

Actins↗