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PubMed2005

Family medicine residency directors' knowledge and attitudes about pediatric oral health education for residents.

The Surgeon General's report on oral health called for improved education about oral health, a renewed understanding of relationships between oral and overall health, and an interdisciplinary approach to oral health involving primary care providers. This study examined the following: 1) family medicine residency directors' knowledge of preventive dental care, 2) status of an oral heath curriculum in family medicine residencies, and 3) the likelihood of initiating an oral health curriculum. We conducted a fifty-item survey of family medicine program directors emphasizing pediatric oral health assessed demographics, knowledge of preventive procedures, existing oral health curriculum, composition, and time commitment for an oral health curriculum. Directors returned 208 (45 percent) surveys. Approximately 95 percent agreed that oral health knowledge should be a component of residency training. Most programs are teaching anticipatory guidance. The mean time program directors felt should be given to an oral health curriculum was four hours. Program directors lack knowledge of preventive dental procedures and oral health care recommendations. Oral health care knowledge is felt to be an important component of residency training. Program directors need faculty development for a successful delivery of an oral health curriculum.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2005

Basic trauma life support: knowledge of medical students.

BACKGROUND: The first hour of management (golden hour) of any trauma patient might be the determining factor if he/she will survive. The first contact most patients have in an emergency room is with a young medical graduate. The knowledge of basic trauma life support (BTLS) by all doctors therefore becomes important. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study set out to assess how much knowledge medical students had about BTLS in their final year compared with their knowledge at the beginning of clinical postings. METHOD: A cross-sectional study of fourth and sixth (final) year medical students to evaluate their knowledge of BTLS using a test of 30 questions under examination conditions. One hundred and twenty-three fourth year students were given a test after a lecture on the care of injured patients. The same test was administered on 41 sixth year students without prior lecture on day of test, having had a similar lecture 2 years before. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS 11.0 for Windows statistical software and EPI INFO version 6.04. RESULT: Mean scores were 25.8 +/- SD1.91 for the 4th year students and 21.0 +/- SD2.93 for the 6th year students. There was a statistically significant difference between scores of the 4th year and the 6th year (P < 0.000001). CONCLUSION: Knowledge was imparted in the 4th year but was forgotten by the 6th year. It is essential that courses in BTLS be given periodically to all medical graduates and all personnel involved in care of the traumatised patient.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation↗
PubMed2005

Knowledge logistics as an intelligent service for healthcare.

OBJECTIVES: The technology of grid services is developing fast. This paper presents an approach to the implementation of an intelligent grid service that configures a hospital taking advantage of the knowledge logistics idea. METHODS: The presented approach is based on synergistic integration of knowledge acquired from distributed sources in order to obtain new or complement insufficient knowledge. Presented approach uses ontologies and the formalism of object-oriented constraint networks for knowledge representation and applies ILOG to constraint-based problem solving. RESULTS: The application of the approach is illustrated via a decision support system for a fictitious case study of a hospital configuration in the Binni region. The system showed the ability to produce interrelated solutions for subtasks of the hospital configuration task based on the built ontology and input parameters. Besides, such preferences as cost or time minimization are also considered by the implemented fuzzy logic module that finds a feasible solution. CONCLUSIONS: KL would benefit from the grid, and particularly from the concept of a semantic grid. The scalable architecture of the approach enables its extension with regard to knowledge/information sources number and, thereby, with regard to factors taken into account during complex problem solving. Utilizing ontologies allows integration of the approach into existing processes and facilitates knowledge sharing with similar systems. Application of constraint networks allows rapid problem manipulation and usage of such existing efficient technologies as ILOG.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed2005

Exploring public knowledge and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS in Saudi Arabia. A survey of primary health care users.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the knowledge and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS among the general public in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: The study employed self-administered questionnaires to collect data from individuals aged 15 years or older who attended Primary Health Centers (PHC) in Riyadh City. In addition to demographic characteristics, the questionnaire was designed to collect data on a number of statements including basic knowledge about HIV/AIDS, its mode of transmission and people's attitudes and source of information about the disease. The questionnaires were distributed randomly to 500 persons (250 males and 250 females) during November and December 2004. Data were analyzed in a descriptive fashion. RESULTS: Although the majority of respondents correctly identified the main modes of HIV/AIDS transmission, there is a relative deficiency in their knowledge about the disease. Moreover, their attitudes towards HIV/AIDS and infected persons were defective. The results indicate that this deficiency in knowledge and attitudes was associated with some of their demographic characteristics such as their gender, level of education, ages and nationality. Furthermore, the results show that the contribution of health staff and educational institutions was limited in providing the public with information about this health problem. CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Saudi Arabia is low, health care providers in general, and PHC centers in particular, should be involved in intensive educational programs as a part of their professional mission to help the general public acquire appropriate knowledge and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS. This will help in preventing the spread of this health problem.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2005

Knowledge of risk factors and guidelines for the management of asthma. The educational role of the nurse.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to determine the level of knowledge concerning risk factors for the development of asthma and worsening of the course of the disease among patients, as well as achieving a better understanding of the educational role of the nurse in improving the quality of life of patients suffering from the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was a questionnaire study involving 100 patients suffering from asthma. 59 of them were diagnosed as having an allergic and 41 a nonallergic asthma. In the main they were patients suffering from moderate to severe asthma, who had attended the outpatient allergology clinic for many years. RESULTS: Analysis of the results obtained demonstrated the significant effects of asthma for the lives and health of the patients questioned. This was reflected in the high number of people registered as unable to work and receiving invalidity benefits, and influenced the activity of the majority patients in various spheres of life. A number of respondents demonstrated poor knowledge of the risk factors for asthma and ways of eliminating the illness. The majority of patients had a good knowledge of the names, doses and ways in which they should take their prescribed medication as well as showing an understanding of the principles of taking additional medicines as necessary. Their knowledge of the principles of anti-inflammatory treatment, which is a basic factor in the treatment of patients with asthma was, however very poor. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients suffering from asthma there is a great need for health information. The majority of respondents expressed a willingness to take part in training sessions to be run by nursing staff. The focus of these educational sessions should be on improving the patients' knowledge about asthma as a chronic inflammatory disease, helping to eliminate and limit risk factors for the disease, treatment principles and avoiding the side-effects of prescribed medication.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Common knowledge of leukemia among the youth and their attitude to the diagnosed disease.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to evaluate common knowledge shared by leukemia patients aged 12-18 yrs. and to determine their attitude to the diagnosed disease. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The study group consisted 30 of youth aged 12-18 yrs with diagnosed leukemia, which expressed agreement on participation in investigation. The study employed an own questionnaire entitled: "Common Knowledge of Leukemia among Youth and Their Attitudes to the Diagnosed Disease". RESULTS: Results passed of investigations one surrendered to analysis and one introduced inform of diagrams. Talked over results of investigations summed up are discussion and conclusions. Discussion achieves results of own investigations to these passed by Binnbesela's and of relating current knowledge about new-coined word disease among young people from 12 to 18 year of life, contains also considerations relating situation in which one is found young people with recognized leukemia. CONCLUSIONS: The level of knowledge about leukemia in 12-18-year-old patients is highest in 18-year-old respondents. There is no dependence between the time lapse from the moment of diagnosis and the increase of knowledge on the subject. The attitude of young leukemia patients to their own disease does not change with the time lapse from the moment of diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

SOMWeb - Towards an Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing in Oral Medicine.

In a net-based society, clinicians can come together for cooperative work and distance learning around a common medical material. This requires suitable techniques for cooperative knowledge management and user interfaces that are adapted to both the group as a whole and to individuals. To support distributed management and sharing of clinical knowledge, we propose the development of an intelligent web community for clinicians within oral medicine. This virtual meeting place will support the ongoing work on developing a digital knowledge base, providing a foundation for a more evidence-based oral medicine. The presented system is founded on the use and development of web services and standards for knowledge modelling and knowledge-based systems. The work is conducted within the frame of a well-established cooperation between oral medicine and computer science.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Nutrition knowledge, attitudes and dietary restriction behaviour of Taiwanese elderly.

The purpose of this study is to understand knowledge about and general attitudes towards nutrition, dietary restriction attitudes, and dietary restriction behavior in the Taiwanese elderly, and the relationship of these various components to each other. Data from the Elderly Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (1999-2000) were used for analysis and included 1937 elderly persons aged over 65. The results indicated that the elderly had poor nutrition knowledge, especially about the relationship between nutrition and disease. Elderly nutrition attitudes were fair; they tended to disagree with misconceptions about "healthy" or functional foods and also had quite positive general eating attitudes. However, the Taiwanese elderly hold quite strong attitudes influenced by Chinese traditional or food-texture-related dietary restrictions. Elderly people frequently avoid eating foods considered unhealthy by modern medical science (e.g. high fat/cholesterol foods) as well as foods forbidden by Chinese traditional medicine (e.g. "heating" foods, "cooling" foods). Most of the elderly regularly eat three meals a day, however, they seldom pay attention to dietary and nutrition information. The most important sources of nutrition information are offspring or family members, TV, and medical practitioners. In general, elderly men with a higher educational level and living in less remote areas had better nutrition knowledge, held more positive nutrition attitudes, and kept to dietary restrictions less frequently. Elderly people's nutrition knowledge was positively related to their health-care attitudes, general eating attitudes, high- fat or high-cholesterol food restriction behavior, fermented or pickled food restriction behavior, attention to nutrition information, and regularity of meals. However, nutrition knowledge was inversely related to Chinese traditional or food-texture-related dietary restriction behaviors. The results of this study suggest that education of elderly people about nutrition is important, and the design of such nutrition education programs should consider the low educational levels of the elderly. Children or other family members may also be included in the program. The use of TV as a medium for nutrition education of the elderly may also be important for nutrition educators.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

HIV-related knowledge, attitudes and risk perception amongst nurses, doctors and other healthcare workers in rural India.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: People with HIV in India frequently encounter discrimination while seeking and receiving healthcare services. The knowledge and attitudes of healthcare workers (HCWs) influences the willingness and ability of people with HIV to access care, and the quality of the care they receive. Previous studies of HIV-related knowledge and attitudes amongst Indian HCWs have been conducted primarily in large urban hospitals. The objective of this study was to asses HIV-related knowledge, attitudes and risk perception among a group of rural north Indian HCWs, and to identify predictors of willingness to provide care for patients with HIV infection. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 266 HCWs (78% female) from seven rural north Indian health settings was undertaken in late 2002. A self-administered written questionnaire was made available in English and Hindi, and the response rate was 87 per cent. Information was gathered regarding demographic details (age, sex, duration of employment, job category); HIV-related knowledge and attitudes; risk perception; and previous experience caring for HIV-positive patients. Logistic regression modelling was undertaken to identify factors associated with willingness to care for patients with HIV. RESULTS: The HCWs in this study generally had a positive attitude to caring for people with HIV. However, this was tempered by substantial concerns about providing care, and the risk of occupational infection with HIV was perceived by most HCWs to be high. After controlling for confounding, HCWs willingness to provide care for patients with HIV was strongly associated with having previously cared for patients with HIV (P = 0.001). Knowledge of HIV transmission and perception of risk were not associated with willingness to provide care. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION: The findings of this study showed a general willingness of HCWs to provide care for patients with HIV, tempered by concerns regarding provision of such care. Strategies to address HCWs concerns are likely to ameliorate the discrimination experienced by people with HIV when accessing healthcare services. These include the development of programmes to promote occupational safety of HCWs and involving people with HIV in awareness training of HCWs.

HIV Infections↗
PubMed2005

Knowledge of heart disease risk among spanish speakers with diabetes: the role of interpreters in the medical encounter.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate heart disease risk knowledge among Spanish speakers with diabetes. DESIGN: Single sample cross-sectional design. SETTING: A Spanish-language diabetes health fair in an inner-city community center in Connecticut. PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-four Spanish-speaking adults participated. They were predominantly from Puerto Rico, had less than high school education, and were economically disadvantaged. Most had type 2 diabetes (96%) for an average of 10 years. Most had health insurance and a primary care provider. A sizable minority relied on ad hoc interpreters (friends or family members) during clinic visits, but most would prefer to use a professional medical interpreter. MEASURES AND RESULTS: Knowledge of risk for heart disease was measured by a Spanish version of the Heart Disease Fact Questionnaire (HDFQ). Knowledge of heart disease was low (mean score 17.5 [out of 25], SD=5.0), and lack of knowledge was found for the risks of diabetes, high-fat foods, cholesterol, physical activity, hypertension, family history of heart disease, sex, and whether one is necessarily cognizant of having heart disease. Regression analyses showed that bank account status and use of ad hoc interpreters contributed significantly to the prediction of HDFQ scores. Having a bank account and not using family or friends as interpreters in visits with the primary care provider predicted higher HDFQ scores. CONCLUSION: Heart disease risk knowledge was low in Spanish speakers with diabetes. Providing professional medical interpretation instead of relying on ad hoc interpreters is recommended for this high-risk group.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Defining nursing knowledge.

The question of what constitutes nursing knowledge is a vital one for nurses to consider for a number of reasons. Nurses use a wide range of knowledge in practice, some theoretical and some practical, so identifying what nursing knowledge is should be central to practice. This paper attempts to define nursing knowledge by discussing the evidence. It suggests that such knowledge is important to raise awareness of personal and professional accountability, inform the dilemmas of practice and improve patient care.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Test offering, not additional information, may increase HIV testing uptake in a knowledgeable population.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate patient HIV knowledge and testing experience and assess the effect of an HIV informational handout on HIV testing propensity. DESIGN: Cross sectional, descriptive techniques were employed to assess demographics, HIV knowledge and HIV testing experience. A randomized controlled trial was performed to determine if an HIV/AIDS information sheet influenced testing propensity. SETTING: Blantyre Adventist Hospital Outpatient Clinic. SUBJECTS: Non-emergency patients over 18 years old attending during consulting hours. INTERVENTIONS: All subjects answered a questionnaire. For the randomized controlled trial component, half received an HIV information handout. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Proportions were calculated to evaluate testing experience. Logistic regression was used to assess impact of written information and demographics on HIV testing propensity. RESULTS: 490 participants were recruited, of whom 57% had never been tested for HIV. Of the untested, 88% had never been offered an HIV test. Of those that had never been offered a test, 46% desired one. The sample was highly knowledgeable about HIV. Reading an information sheet had no impact on HIV knowledge (p=0.736 to 0.788) or desire for testing (p=0.387). However, age (OR=0.97, 95%CI (0.95,0.99)) and gender (OR=1.85, 95%CI (1.06, 3.23)) significantly correlated with testing propensity. CONCLUSIONS: A large percentage of patients who have never been offered HIV testing desire testing. More frequent HIV test offering by clinicians could improve testing rates. Clinician education programmes should be developed to increase test offering. Furthermore, written health information in a setting of high HIV/AIDS knowledge may not change behaviour. Alternative methods should be employed to encourage HIV testing uptake.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed2006

[An investigation on AIDS knowledge of Chinese peacekeepers in Liberia and effects of relevant health education].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate and analyze AIDS knowledge of the Chinese peacekeepers in Liberia and to evaluate the effects of AIDS education in order to conduct more effective health education of AIDS and increase AIDS knowledge among the Chinese peacekeepers in the areas with a high incidence of AIDS. METHODS: A questionnaire was designed on the basis of that recommended by WHO to investigate the knowledge of AIDS among the 528 Chinese peacekeepers in Liberia respectively before and after relevant health education, and the results were compared. RESULTS: There was an obvious deficiency in AIDS knowledge among the subjects before the education and an evident increase after it, and the difference was significant (P <0.01). CONCLUSION: The Chinese peacekeepers are deficient in AIDS knowledge, and the deficiency can be effectively improved by relevant health education, which is essential for the health of the Chinese peacekeepers in the areas with a high incidence of AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2006

Dental and medical students' knowledge and opinions of infant oral health.

Primary care providers' involvement with and perceptions of the epidemic of early childhood caries could be related to attitudes and knowledge of the disease as well as to differences in discipline-based recommendations. A cross-sectional survey of demographics, opinions on infant oral health care visits and importance of infant oral health care, knowledge of tooth eruption, and knowledge of health care guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) was administered by several methods to first- and fourth-year dental and medical students at two University of Illinois campuses. Some expected variations were found among dental and medical students pertaining to perceptions and knowledge of infant oral health. Higher proportions of dental students responded correctly or considered the issues very important. However, Rockford medicine students were more likely to know when children should be weaned, yet less likely to agree with recommendations for time of first dental visit. Furthermore, fourth-year dental students were less likely than first-year dental students to give the recommended answer for age of first dental visit. Variances of opinions and basic knowledge of infant oral health of dental and medical students showed inconsistencies with desired outcomes of educational and clinical experiences. Further research is needed to understand the role of experience and other factors to effectively educate primary care providers in this area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

A survey of the knowledge, attitude and practices of antenatal mothers in Lagos, Nigeria about the primary teeth.

To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of antenatal mothers about the primary dentition. This cross-sectional study was carried out in Lagos. It assessed the knowledge, attitude and practices of 464 Nigerian mothers about the primary teeth. All the mothers were seen at the antenatal clinics of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital and primary health centres in the local government area of the teaching hospital. The mothers' knowledge of the 2 most commonly presenting oral conditions: bleeding gums and dental caries were evaluated. Results of the study showed that approximately 36.7% of the mothers had received information on oral health care from a dentist. About seventy percent (71.33%) reported that primary teeth were important and 79.31% agreed with the statement that tooth decay was preventable. However, only 8% of the mothers used toothbrush and toothpaste for cleaning their children's teeth. Only 37(7.97%) of the mothers had taken their children to a dentist before. The visits were for symptoms of pain and tooth decay. There was a statistically significant association between educational status and knowledge of primary teeth, (p=0.003308). Over half (51.3%) of the study sample associated caries with consumption of sugars. There was a statistically significant association between perceived aetiology of caries and educational status, p=0.00000. There was a statistically significant association between mother's past dental visit and child's past dental visit, p=0.000000005. The findings of the study show that oral health knowledge of the primary teeth by this group of Nigerian mothers is rather diffuse. It is recommended that medical professionals; obstetricians, gynaecologists and paediatricians encourage mothers to seek professional oral health counselling as soon as possible especially as soon as or before the primary teeth start to erupt. In addition, regular dental visits will ensure that the child benefits from age-specific information that is readily available to the mother.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Little knowledge about human papillomavirus among young Norwegian women].

BACKGROUND: Little is documented about Norwegian women's knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV). The purpose of this study was to investigate young Norwegian women's knowledge of HPV transmission and diseases associated with the virus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From September 1998 to December 2000, 898 women aged 16 - 24 years were recruited to a study on the natural course of HPV-infections. At the beginning of the study, 323 participants at 8 of the 16 selected health centres answered a questionnaire regarding motivation for and openness about study participation, and knowledge about transmission and diseases associated with the virus. Data were analysed with Chi-quadrate test and logistic regression in SPSS. RESULTS: Only 20 % (63/323) of the women had heard about HPV before they were enrolled in the study. 15 % (49/323) answered questions about causal relationships between HPV, cervical cancer and genital warts correctly. No correlations were found between HPV knowledge and age, sexual behaviour, or previous testing/history of chlamydia infection. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge about viral transmission and diseases associated with HPV is low among young Norwegian women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Knowledge attitude and practice (KAP) study regarding facts for life.

This knowledge attitude and practice (KAP) study was done in the married women of age 18-38 years in Jorpati and Gokarna village development committees of Katmandu district to evaluate the knowledge of "Facts for Life". There were 510 married women involved in this study. Altogether 28 questions were asked to each of them regarding the "Facts for Life". It includes the following five subjects: Safe motherhood, Childhood Immunization, Childhood diarrhea, Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in childhood and hygiene. There was a significant increase in knowledge about hygiene and knowledge regarding childhood immunization than diarrhea, ARI and Safe motherhood. Results showed that the overall knowledge was at 62.8%. This shows that still more attention is needed to Nepalese women.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2006

Assessment of preventive health knowledge and behaviors of African-American and Afro-Caribbean women in urban settings.

OBJECTIVES: This report measures the extent of health knowledge and preventive behaviors of African-American and Afro-Caribbean women in New York City. METHODS: Two-hundred-twenty-one females in 10 Brooklyn-area beauty salons were surveyed in mid-June 2004. Participants completed a 30-item questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha=0.76) focusing on six domains: heart health, breast health, prostate health, second-hand smoke, asthma and sexual health. The instrument included 10 items on preventive behaviors related to the aforementioned domains. Mean knowledge scores were calculated, and analyses were performed to evaluate the factors associated with higher knowledge scores and with greater likelihood of preventive health behaviors. RESULTS: Despite a high level of knowledge about risk factors and symptoms for several common diseases, a large percentage of the sample engaged in high-risk behaviors. In addition, higher knowledge scores were associated with family history of heart disease (p=0.035), family history of prostate cancer (p=0.032) and being a member of an HMO (p=0.001). Higher scores, in turn, were associated with not currently smoking (p=0.049) and going for a blood cholesterol screening in the past year (p=0.045). CONCLUSION: Future intervention efforts should place greater focus on educating participants about symptoms and risk factors for commonly occurring diseases in the community, and on generating behavioral changes.

Adolescent↗