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PubMed1975

Learning style preferences of community mental health professionals.

Programs of continuing education in mental health are increasing at a rapid pace. This study examines-selected personal and occupational characteristics of enrollees in one such program and classifies the nature of enrollee motivation for participating in specialized programs of community mental health training. The learning-style preferences of these highly experienced professionals are also explored and recommendations are made concering the design of similar educational programs under development elsewhere.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Handwashing before entering the intensive care unit: what we learned from continuous video-camera surveillance.

Handwashing is one of the most important factors in controlling the spread of bacteria and in preventing the development of infections. This simple procedure does not have a high compliance rate. The Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc, guideline recommends that hands must be washed before and after patient contact. In our intensive care unit (ICU), we have made it a rule that everyone should wash their hands before entering the ICU. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the handwashing compliance of all personnel and visitors to the ICU. A ceiling-mounted video camera connected to a time-lapse video cassette recorder recorded each person's actions when they entered the ICU during a 7-day period. Handwashing compliance was assessed for 3 different categories: ICU personnel, non-ICU personnel, and visitors to patients. There were 1030 entries to the ICU during the observation period. ICU personnel complied with handwashing in 71% of entries, non-ICU personnel in 74% of entries, and visitors to patients in 94% of entries. Handwashing compliance by visitors to patients was significantly higher than among personnel (P <.001). Handwashing compliance among personnel before entering the ICU was low. Continuous effort is needed to raise awareness of the handwashing issue, not only to ensure compliance with APIC recommendations but also in our facility, to ensure that health care personnel wash their hands on entry to the ICU.

Guideline Adherence↗
PubMed1996

[Mental health prospects in France].

In a developed country as ours, 30 % of the nursing care has to do with a psychological approach. The problem therefore concerns the whole of the medical system and is a problem linked to a global approach, overstepping the psyche/soma dichotomy. An important part of the health expenses in France (13 %) is assigned to the three components of medical discipline split into public activities, liberal and associative, with no real interconnections. Psychiatry appears balanced and strong as to its capacities of response (stabilisation of psychoses, curative capacities for many clinical cases) but suffers a number of "handicaps", particularly, but not solely in what concerns its public component. If, indeed, priority and orientations have been constantly defined, they appear insufficiently relayed and attended to. It is important in duration and in order to remain loyal to it, to give further thought to sector politics, in preserving the conceptual assets (permanence of care, open care network) developing its limits (rigidness of equipments, lack of respect of the logics of the flow) and to promote trans or intersectorial steps in the field of organization (emergency and liaison) or the approach to certain claims or pathologies. Such re-definition must concern the field competence and complementarities of general medicine, of private specialists, sectorised, intersectorised or non sectorised publics; the indications of full time hospitalisation and other means of taking charge ; the sanitary articulation : social and medicosocial (separating what is relevant to care, assistance and sheltering). Expected, better and better understood levers relate to managing as well as initial and continuous training of professionals, with the aim of attending the change of structures, including evaluation, communication and research. In our country, no technical reason does valuably oppose to the rapid implementation of a global process of development, able to meet the needs of patients but also of professionals whatever their means of practice may be.

Comprehensive Health Care↗
PubMed2001

Psychiatric nurses' conceptions of how a group supervision programme in nursing care influences their professional competence: a 4-year follow-up study.

AIM: The aim of the study was to describe, after 4 years, psychiatric nurses' conceptions of how a 2-year group supervision programme within nursing care had influenced their professional competence. BACKGROUND: The intention of group supervision in nursing care is to understand nurses' experiences within real care settings and to structure these in a professional and personal context. METHODS: Ten psychiatric nurses participated in a 2-year group supervision programme. They were interviewed 4 years after the group supervision was ended. Data were analysed according to the phenomenographic method. FINDINGS: Six description categories emerged: a feeling of job satisfaction; gaining knowledge and competence; gaining a sense of security in nursing situations; a feeling of personal development; realizing the value of supervision; and a sense of professional solidarity. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the 4-year follow-up showed that a group supervision programme in nursing care had lasting influences on the psychiatric nurses' professional competence in the form of a pronounced professional identity and an integrated nursing care perspective. Group supervision contributes to maintaining the strength and energy needed to carry on working, which makes continuing supervision necessary. IMPLICATIONS: An important research implication could be to investigate the type of knowledge that ought to be developed within group supervision in nursing care.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1996

[Future shock of the new graduates].

How do new nursing graduates take their place in a changing workforce with continuing changes to health care delivery and budgetary cuts in health care institutions? To understand the importance of successfully adjusting to new employment and the rate at which new graduates leave the profession, it is necessary to understand what goes on during their first months on the job. This qualitative research project was conducted over an 18-month period and focused on the initial work adjustment period. It involved 31 nursing graduates working in five different hospitals in Quebec's Estrie Region. The results indicate new graduates discover very early on that they've entered a brave new world where the work situation proves to be very different from what they have been taught. There is still a wide gap between theory and practice, and rarely are the students' expectations met with regards to providing holistic care, communicating with patients and establishing care plans. The students' precarious work situation as occasional nurses on call becomes a way of life. In the absence of job opportunities, they must develop adjustment strategies to ensure professional survival. A new type of nurse is emerging--the "functional nurse." The functional nurse learns to be available at all times, to provide care with no continuity and without any hope of ever belonging to a unit. Meanwhile, she questions herself about the quality of care she is giving and her future as a nurse.

Employment↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Promoting the scholarship of research for faculty and students.

Research has become a highly valued activity for nurses. Students at the undergraduate and graduate levels are experiencing more and more research in their programs. As part of the faculty role in higher education, promotion and tenure are tied to the scholarship of research. Yet many schools of nursing do not have a well-developed capacity of nursing faculty members who have the knowledge and skills to competently engage in a research program of their own or to guide and inspire students to pursue a research career. This paper is an attempt to challenge administrators to more aggressively promote research, and faculty and students to think more intensively about the scholarship of research. The challenges of developing a program of research for promoting faculty and students' research are discussed. Strategies for promoting faculty research and advice for beginning researchers are included.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1987

[Teaching-assistance integration: an experience of continuing education for service personnel. Colombia].

The article describes an experience in the integration of teaching assistance involving personnel from health clinics and centers. The educational methodology was based on participation, and great progress was made in the development of health workers (professionals, technicians, auxiliaries, and promoters). However, the authors point out that the educational process in itself was not a factor in leading to better services, nor did it have a qualitative impact on the dynamics of preventive and curative assistance. The determining factor is the existing organization of the society where the program was carried out. Given this organization, it is fairly unlikely that new educational methods will be really meaningful because of the structural, social, political and economic constraints that characterize the Colombian system.

Colombia↗
PubMed1999

[Organizational culture and the professional development in nursing].

In previous articles in (ROL 22(1)-22(2)) reference was made to the importance of the organizational milieu as a business policy, particularly in the nursing field. The values of nursing professionals were also mentioned, as well as how to establish these as intangible assets. Although not exclusively, the responsibility to identify these values lies in the hands of nursing administrators. The purpose of identifying the intangible assets of nursing is that these become a useful tool to change or guide the organizational setting in order to better execute the mission of health organizations in a more favorable way. This mission must be related to offering the best possible care and treatment to the community which is being served.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2002

How you can have an impact on the political process.

In response to the many legislative changes occurring in health care during the past few years, your Professional Practice Committee has developed the following Fact Sheet to help WOCN members become more politically active. For many of us, the process of contacting our legislators on issues that affect our patients, our payors, and our individual practices can be confusing, overwhelming, and time consuming. As health care legislation continues to evolve and change, it is imperative that we voice our professional and our personal opinions to those who will listen. This Fact Sheet was drafted after reviewing the legislative documents of other professional nursing organizations. This format allows members to quickly access the communication venue they would like to use to contact their representatives and provides tips for effective interactions. Remember, while it may take time, change is possible. Empower yourselves and add your voice to the legislative process so you have an impact on future health care policy.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The development of leadership skills in clinical practice.

Leadership is often seen as the province of the manager. However, as the NHS changes and responsibility is increasingly devolved, practitioners at all levels are expected to lead change and innovation. In this paper the author describes how attending the Leadership in Nursing for the Community (LINC) programme has influenced her practice. As a result of the programme she has an increased awareness of her own leadership role and of the political and professional climate in which she works.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing and academic mergers of the health sciences: a critique.

This article explores the current trend in which the discipline of nursing and other health sciences are merged within a single academic unit in higher education. To date little has been written in the professional literature about the institutions that have engaged in these types of "mergers," even though they appear to be increasing in occurrence. Since these realignments have the potential to affect the continuing development of academic nursing, attention from the nursing community is warranted. A description of unique dimensions of academic mergers is presented with attention to faculty governance, academic freedom, and tenure. The frame of reference for the exploration uses the goals and expectations from realignments that have been extrapolated from the business literature and reports from health care organizations that have merged. Specifically, academic mergers are presumed to accomplish the following goals: 1. Foster shared resources in terms of faculty talents and content expertise. 2. Consolidate a campus approach to clinical education programming. 3. Increase opportunities for interdisciplinary health professions education. 4. Create a unified and integrated approach to development activities. 5. Coordinate efforts to provide sufficient space for the health sciences. Directions for future exploration and some recommendations for schools of nursing in the throes of merger efforts are offered.

Education, Nursing↗
PubMed1999

Organisational culture, organisational learning and total quality management: a literature review and synthesis.

As health services face increasing pressure to meet the expectations of different stakeholders, they must continuously improve and learn from their experience. Many fail in attempts at continuous improvement programs because managers have not understood the complexity of making changes in organisations with multiple subcultures and interests. This article examines the related concepts of organisational culture, organisational learning and total quality management and shows how a synthesis of this knowledge can assist in developing continuous organisational learning and improvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Management education and training of nurses: research study.

The model of more pro-active management with a more analytical and deliberative approach has considerable implications for the roles of all managers within the National Health Service today. Nurse managers, in particular, will now be faced with developing different managerial roles than they have had in the years since the 1974 reorganization. Nurse management courses in the past were more concerned with the overt training of behavioural skills and less concerned with the quantitative and analytical aspects of management. This paper investigates in what areas nurse managers perceived their training to have been deficient and argues for a continuous process of education, as opposed to the existing intermittent 'hurdle process' which, in the main, is the basis of nurse management development at the present time.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1995

Long-term care: providing for those with disability and chronic illness.

1. The focus of long-term care has widened from concentrating exclusively on the older adult to an inclusive perspective of all ages and population groups needing health care over a prolonged period of time. 2. Long-term care principles must include access to a full range of services, care coordination by professional nurses, community-based networks, and an emphasis on consumer responsibility. 3. Multiple nursing implications exist in the 21st century for care of older persons: education of students and professionals and development of continuum of care services and their evaluation and effectiveness.

Case Management↗
PubMed2002

Knowledge fields and inner patterns in clinical laboratory science.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to clarify the knowledge base of clinical laboratory science (CLS). This research was motivated by questions concerning the knowledge base itself and its abilities to meet the demands of reality. The following questions were therefore asked to achieve the purposes of the study: What are the knowledge fields and inner patterns in CLS? Which research objects could CLS focus on in order to promote development in practice, education, and research? DESIGN: The findings of the study were arrived at by means of hypothetical-deductive approach and inductive, content analytical strategy. The journal Clinical Laboratory Science of the American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science (ASCLS) provides the source material for the analysis. SETTING: Abo Akademi University, Faculty of Social and Caring Sciences. RESULTS: The findings of the study are discussed in the light of starting points of the theory of science and lead to nine hypotheses concerning CLS. CONCLUSION: The purpose of the present study was to create clarity in CLS as a science of its own. This has been achieved by capturing and describing facts and qualities, and thereafter presenting fundamental hypotheses in CLS. The results of this study give a thought structure for continued development and deepening within the theory and practice of CLS.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed2004

Evaluation of an environmental health education program: assessing changes in knowledge of health professionals.

Knowledge about environmental health is crucial for nurses so they can take into account both the living and occupational environments of clients during history taking and physical assessments. When focused on local environmental conditions and exposures, outreach educational programs on environmental health can result in a measurable increase of interest to learn and enhance the knowledge base of participants. Public health agencies and educational institutions should consider entering into partnerships to sponsor such professional development programs for nurses and other health professionals to promote the health of local populations.

Education, Nursing, Continuing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Faculty development for family medicine: a status report.

Stability in family medicine residency program growth has resulted in a trend to redefine faculty development in terms of changing needs. Recent literature has indicated these needs to be in the areas of increased research, improved clinical skills, reassessment of content and methods of faculty development, and changes in educational methods. To identify the status of faculty development programs in 1985, 126 family medicine university-based programs were surveyed. Data were obtained regarding the content of faculty development programs, the perceived competence of faculty in six clinical teaching areas and three academic areas, and the importance of eight areas of faculty development. The most frequent activity reported by the 74 respondents was in the area of teaching and evaluation. Research was the academic area listed in which directors noted a particular lack of competence. In the clinical content area, both procedural skills and critical care stood out as areas of faculty needs. Results suggested that more than one track of faculty development should be provided to meet complex and changing faculty development needs.

Education, Continuing↗