Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “collaborative cross”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,657 records · Page 92Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Chinese CLS sister school relationship.

OBJECTIVE: Establish a relationship with a Chinese CLS Program to foster cross-cultural diversity, provide for student and faculty cross-cultural exchange, scholarship, research, and improve the health care of both communities served by the colleges. DESIGN: Information needed to develop agreement strategy was gathered by literature review, personal interviews, and direct observation in China. Based upon literature review an original list of items for discussion was developed. Discussions were held between administrators of both schools and the teaching hospital. The Chief Laboratory Technologist of the associated Chinese teaching hospital was interviewed to establish the extent of CLS students' experiences. A form for the interview was developed and the results were used during the negotiation of the final agreement. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: A CLS faculty team member from the U.S. traveled to the Jingmen School of Nursing and Allied Medical Sciences, Jingmen City, China, Hubei Province, P.R. China to establish an agreement. Tours of six cities in China, the School, and Jingmen hospitals provided for a better understanding of the Chinese culture and the Chinese CLS program. RESULTS/CONCLUSION: Three major concerns for success of the relationship (language barriers, communication vehicles, and socialization issues) were determined and addressed in a final agreement. The components of the agreement may provide some insight for others considering such a collaborative venture. Outcomes will be more fully addressed when exchanges begin.

China↗
PubMed1994

Natural menopause and cardiovascular disease risk factors. The Poland and US Collaborative Study on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology.

Changes in risk factor levels associated with menopause have been reported in many studies in the United States and western Europe, where estrogen replacement therapy and surgical menopause are common. We studied risk factor associations in Polish women, for whom estrogen replacement therapy and surgical menopause are uncommon. The 357 postmenopausal women had higher total cholesterol levels (0.43 mmol/L) and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels (0.36 mmol/L than did the 372 premenopausal women of similar ages. Triglycerides, high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, and blood pressure did not differ by menopausal status. We conclude that natural menopause is associated with higher levels of total and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Natural menopause is not associated with large changes in other risk factors in this sample.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1996

The eating attitudes test and the eating disorders inventory in four Bulgarian clinical and nonclinical samples.

OBJECTIVE: As part of the International Collaborative Study of Eating Disorders in Adolescence, with sites in West and East Berlin, Zurich, and Sofia, eating attitudes and disorders were studied in four Bulgarian samples. METHOD: The Eating Attitude Test (EAT) and the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI) were used in this study. Besides a clinical group of anorectic patients, students attending either a special secondary school, a standard secondary school, or a sports school participated in this study. RESULTS: Findings revealed excellent discriminant validity of the EAT total score and the three subscales. This also applied to four out of eight subscales of the EDI. Discriminant validity was less satisfactory in three further scales and entirely missing for Maturity Fears. DISCUSSION: The findings are discussed in a transcultural perspective.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

You can take it with you: individual differences and expatriate effectiveness.

The authors report the collaborative efforts of 2 research teams that independently investigated the effects of stable personality traits (the Big Five) and specific behavioral competencies (cultural flexibility, task and people orientations, and ethnocentrism) on key dimensions of expatriate effectiveness: psychological adjustment, assignment withdrawal cognitions, and job performance. Analyses of multiple-source and longitudinal data from 3 studies, including a diverse sample of expatriates in Hong Kong and separate samples of Korean and Japanese expatriates posted around the world, indicate several direct effects of individual differences. Further data show reliable distinctions between the traits and competencies as well as incremental prediction by either set of predictors in the presence of the others.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

Validation and implementation of the PowerPlex 16 BIO System STR multiplex for forensic casework.

The PowerPlex 16 BIO multiplex short tandem repeat (STR) system contains the 13 CODIS loci (FGA, TPOX, D8S1179, vWA, D18S51, D21S11, TH01, D3S1358, CSF1PO, D16S539, D7S820, D13S317, and DS5S818), plus two pentanucleotide repeat loci (Penta D and Penta E) and the sex-identifying locus. Amelogenin. The PowerPlex 16 BIO System is optimized for use with the Hitachi FMBIO gel imaging systems. A consortium of seven independent laboratories collaborated to perform the studies defined by the FBI standards for performing a developmental validation, including the evaluation of sample concordance, percent stutter determination, nonprobative casework, precision, sensitivity, mixture determination, effect of substrates, the impact of environmental insults, and species specificity. All samples tested for concordance were consistent except for one sample from the Virginia Division of Forensic Science database that displayed discordance at D13S317, a locus whose primer sequence was altered. Stutter values were comparable to those of other STR multiplex systems, the precision was comparable to other multiplexes analyzed by gel electrophoresis, the DNA profiles were unchanged by the substrate upon which the blood samples were placed, and the nonprobative casework samples re-typed for the PowerPlex 16 BIO System were consistent with previous typing results. When greater than 0.125 ng of DNA was placed into the PowerPlex 16 BIO System amplification reaction, a full profile was generated by all laboratories. The mixture study results were comparable to those reported for other multiplex systems, the environmental study demonstrated a loss of larger molecular weight loci when samples were incubated at elevated temperatures for a prolonged period of time, and the only notable cross species hybridization was observed with primate DNA samples. This extensive validation work performed demonstrates that the PowerPlex 16 BIO System provides STR data of a quality comparable with other PowerPlex STR multiplex kits as well as other widely used STR multiplexes and is thus suitable for evidentiary casework analysis as well as database sample profiling.

Alleles↗
PubMed1976

Transactions of an international conference. Worldwide concern: better dental care for more people. An international collaborative study. How the study was designed.

The study originated from the common need felt by the United States Public Health Service and the World Health Organization for objective information about various national dental care delivery systems and their effectiveness in the societies in which they were used. The relationships between consumers, providers and administrators within each system were emphasized rather than the comparison between systems since each operated within a specific biological and ecological environment. Six systems all of which had been in existence for at least twenty years were originally selected for study to encompass those dependent on a majority of government or private enterprise, use or non-use of auxiliaries, differeing systems of financing and of definition of target groups for receipt of services. The countries originally taking part were Australia, the Federal Republic of Germany, Japan, New Zealand, Norway and Bulgaria, though Bulgaria withdrew early in 1975.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1984

The epidemiology of depression. An update on sex differences in rates.

Data from the New Haven, CT, Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area, site of the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study, a multi-site collaborative community survey of psychiatric disorders is presented. The 6-month prevalence rates based on the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) interview and the DSM-III found that major depression was more frequent in women than men (2.4:1). The sex ratios for bipolar disorder were about equal. The sex ratios for major depression were fairly consistent at different time periods retrospectively assessed. There appeared to be a birth cohort effect with cohort's born after 1936 having an earlier age of onset and higher rates of major depression but not a change in sex ratios. These findings must be considered in light of the methodologic limitations of retrospective recall.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The Scottish Motor Neuron Disease Register: a prospective study of adult onset motor neuron disease in Scotland. Methodology, demography and clinical features of incident cases in 1989.

The Scottish Motor Neuron Disease Register (SMNDR) is a prospective, collaborative, population based study of motor neuron disease (MND) in Scotland. The register started in January 1989 with the aim of studying the clinical and epidemiological features of MND by prospectively identifying incident patients. It is based on a system of registration by recruitment from multiple sources, followed by the collection of complete clinical data and follow up, mainly through general practitioners. In this report the register's methodology and the demography and incidence data for the first year of study are presented. One hundred and fourteen newly diagnosed patients were identified in 1989 giving a crude incidence for Scotland of 2.24/100,000/year. Standardised incidence ratios showed a non-significant trend towards lower rates in north eastern regions and island areas.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Road traffic noise, noise sensitivity and psychological disorder.

The relationship between traffic noise exposure and psychological morbidity was assessed using the population-based Caerphilly Collaborative Survey of 2398 men from Caerphilly, South Wales, UK. The findings showed that annoyance to noise was strongly associated with traffic noise exposure levels. Men with noise sensitivity were more likely to be highly annoyed by noise exposure than men with less noise sensitivity. There was no direct association between noise exposure level and psychological morbidity until the results were stratified by noise sensitivity. This revealed a gradient of increasing psychological morbidity with increasing noise level in the lower two tertiles of noise sensitivity. No gradient was found in the highest tertile of noise sensitivity. The role of noise sensitivity is argued to be either an indicator of vulnerability to environmental stressors or a measure of overreporting.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1996

The ECLW Collaborative study II: patient registration form (PRF) instrument, training and reliability. European Consultation/Liaison Work group.

This paper describes the development and testing of the Patient Registration Form (PRF), a standardized instrument for the description of patients seen by consultation-liaison (C-L) psychiatrists and psychosomatists in general hospitals, the referral patterns, the C-L interventions and their outcomes. The PRF study is part of a large multi-centre. European investigation on the effectiveness of mental health service delivery, conducted by the European C-L Workgroup for General Hospital Psychiatry and Psychosomatics (ECLW) and performed in the framework of the of the E.C. 4th Medical and Health Research Program. The final version of the PRF consists of 68 items. It was developed by the Program Management Group (PMG) and National Coordinators (NC) after long preparatory studies to assure both face and content validity and pilot testing. Two hundred and twenty consultants, who required 40 hours of training and came from 14 different European countries and 90 different sites, participated in the final reliability study. The PRF was tested in 13 written case histories. A "gold standard' for the correct answers in each item was decided by "consensus ratings' of the PMG and a subsequent 80% agreement by the NCs. A high standard (average kappa (k) > or = 0.70; at least 2/3 of the PRF items, kappa > or = 0.70) was required for the rater to be considered as "reliable' (RR). The consultants considered the PRF both "feasible' and 93.2% of them fulfilled the RR criteria. The calculated rater-"gold standard' reliability was satisfactory: only four PRF items were identified with low agreement coefficients and no biases were observed cross-nationally in the ratings. Given the implications of misclassification for evaluating C-L effectiveness and services, these results are important and the achievement unprecedented.

Europe↗
PubMed2006

The Global School Personnel Survey: a cross-country overview.

Teachers and administrators are role models for students, conveyors of tobacco prevention curricula, and key opinion leaders for school tobacco control policies. School teachers and administrators have daily interaction with students and thus represent an influential group for tobacco control. Data collected by the Global School Personnel Survey between 2000 and 2005 have shown that an alarming proportion of school personnel smoke cigarettes and use other forms of tobacco. At the regional level, current cigarette smoking is between 15% and 19% among school personnel included in this report around the world. The scarcity of tobacco-free schools and the high level of smoking on school grounds by school personnel reported in this study indicate how seriously school practice and staff actions undermine the educational messages and other prevention efforts to reduce adolescent smoking prevalence. However, the majority of school personnel in most sites strongly agreed that they should receive specific training to help students avoid or stop using tobacco.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents and self-reported infertility among nurses and pharmacists.

Although infertility has been identified as an effect of chemotherapy for some cancer patients, the association of infertility with occupational exposure has not been investigated. This case-control study investigated the relationship of infertility with occupational handling of chemotherapy drugs by nurses and pharmacy personnel. Data were gathered by questionnaire from 4659 staff at facilities participating in the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project collaborative clinical trials network of the National Cancer Institute. The 405 subjects reporting infertility were each matched by sex and age with three control subjects and compared for history of chemotherapeutic drug handling. Results for the total sample and for women showed a significantly elevated odds ratio (OR = 1.5; CI = 1.1 to 2.0) for self-reported infertility associated with occupational handling of chemotherapeutic drugs prior to onset of infertility. For men, the odds ratio was similar but not statistically significant. This worker population, with a mean age of 37, is in the prime of reproductive life. Prevention of chemotherapy side effects by use of available protection is preferable to risking infertility.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nutritional status and morbidity pattern among governmental primary school children in the Eastern Nepal.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the nutritional status and morbidity pattern of primary school children. METHODS: Descriptive, cross sectional study was administered in the five governmental schools located in Dhankuta town (Dhankuta district) and Ineruwa town (Sunsari district). The schools were selected using simple random sampling technique. From these selected schools, a total number of 818 students studying from Grade I to V were enumerated in the study using census survey method. RESULTS: Among 818 students, 61% of the students were found to be malnourished. The students were more stunted (21.5%) than wasted (10.4%). Only 5.4 % of the students were found to be both wasted and stunted. The collected blood and stool samples from the students revealed parasitic infestation of 65.8% and anaemia of 58%. The most common diseases in those schools were: skin diseases (20%), dental caries (19.8%), and lymphodenopathy (10.5%). Among skin diseases, pediculosis was more common among girls while ringworms and scabies were common among boys. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that high percentage of primary school students was malnourished. It was found that there was a high prevalence of parasitic infestation and anaemia. The study result revealed the urgent need for initiation of school health program with specific emphasis on prevention of diseases, improvement of personal hygiene and nutritional status with the collaboration of governmental and non governmental institutions.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Antigen-driven differentiation of naive Ig-transgenic B cells in vitro.

We have established a culture system in which naive B cells bearing a transgenic, chicken OVA (cOVA)-specific Ig differentiate to plasma cells in vitro after interaction with cOVA plus cOVA-specific helper T cells. B cell-enriched populations from Ig-transgenic mice, but not from nontransgenic mice, proliferated after presenting nanomolar concentrations of cross-linked cOVA to DO11.10 (cOVA plus IAd-specific) T cells. After 6 to 9 days of culture with Ag and specific T cells, the B cells acquired a plasma cell phenotype and secreted the transgene-derived Ig at high levels. Engagement of B cell surface Ig was not essential for primary B cell differentiation. Differentiating B cells enlarged, clustered, and acquired two plasma cell markers, Syndecan and CD43. B cell CD45 isoform expression changed: the B220 isoform was lost in a T cell-dependent manner, whereas the CD45RB isoform was gained in a T-independent manner. Although unstimulated B cells survived less than 72 h in vitro, those in Ag-stimulated cultures showed reduced early death, a surge of proliferation at 3 to 5 days, and increased death late in the culture. Using a large population of naive B cells of defined antigenic specificity permits us to study a primary immune response to an Ag, rather than to less physiologic polyclonal stimuli. Because all steps of differentiation occurred in vitro, they are easily accessible for study. This coculture system provides an opportunity to observe Ag-specific T cell-B cell collaboration.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Clinical and psychometric characterization of depression in mixed mania: a report from the French National Cohort of 1090 manic patients.

BACKGROUND: Despite extensive research recently focused on mixed mania, it is uncertain as how best to define it clinically, psychometrically (which has major bearing on its prevalence), and the methodology needed for future research. This topic is also of historical interest, because Magnan (1890) [Magnan, V., 1890. La Folie Intermittente. G Masson, Paris.] suggested that "combined [mixed] states" linked Falret's "circular insanity" with Baillarger's "dual insanity" (both described in 1854). This work eventually led to the Kraepelinian synthesis of all manic, mixed, and depressive states into the unitary rubric of "manic-depressive insanity (1899/1921). METHOD: EPIMAN-II Thousand" (EPIMAN-II MILLE) is a French national collaborative study, which involved training 317 psychiatrists working in different sites representative of psychiatric practice in France. We recruited 1090 patients hospitalized for acute DSM-IV mania. assessed at index admission by the following measures: the Mania Rating Scale (MRS), the Beigel-Murphy Scale (MSRS), a newly derived checklist of depressive symptoms least contaminated by mania, MADRS for severity of depression, and the SAPS for psychotic features. RESULTS: The rate of mixed mania, as defined by at least 2 depressive symptoms, was 30%. Even with this broad definition, we found significantly higher female representation. This clinical sub-type of mania was characterized by high frequency of past diagnostic errors, particularly those of anxiety and personality disorders. Refined definition of co-exiting depression was obtained from an abbreviated version of the MADRS (6 items), with distinct "emotional-cognitive" symptoms, and "psychomotor inhibition" factors, both of which were separable from an "irritable" factor linked to lability and poor judgment. Mixed mania was psychometrically best identified by a MADRS score of 6 (80% sensitivity, 94% specificity) and validated by a mixed polarity of first episodes, a higher rate of recurrence, psychotic features, and suicide attempts. LIMITATION: Cross-sectional study. CONCLUSIONS: The data deriving from EPIMAN, the largest and only national study ever conducted on mania, provide definitive characterization of the clinical and psychotic structure of mixed mania, which accounts for 1 out of 3 patients who present with mania. This figure is more accurate than higher rates reported in the literature because, in describing "mixity", we eliminated depressive features that could be contaminated by mania. Despite the prominent affective features described herein, the bipolar nature of mixed mania is often missed, with the result that these patients are diagnosed as having anxiety and/or personality disorders. It is of great public health significance for psychiatrists to recognize the bipolar nature of this condition that has been known as a major phase of manic-depressive illness since at least Magnan, a disciple of Falret and Baillarger.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Practical aspects of acoustic rhinometry: problems and solutions.

Acoustic rhinometry now has an established place in the rhinology laboratory as a measure of nasal geometry. We aimed to investigate several aspects of technique in order to offer some guidance on preferred procedures. We studied the effects of nosepiece seal quality, nosepiece aperture diameter, angle of inclination of the wave tube (in two planes), palate position and inter-observer variation on the nasal area-distance function. One hundred nasal cavities in adults and children were examined: 50 normal and 50 pathological. Each factor was examined intensively in 20 cavities, and reproducibility data obtained on all 100 cavities. The baseline mean coefficient of variation for nasal cavity volume (V1) was 6% and for minimum cross-sectional area (MCA) was 8%. Altering the angle of incidence of the wave tube in the axial and coronal planes caused considerable change in the traces from the anterior nasal cavity, including the I- and C-notches, and affected the MCA significantly (p < 0.01, Wilcoxon signed rank test). Using a small nosepiece aperture accentuated the I-notch, and the nosepiece in some cases became the site of the minimal area. Addition of a silicone-based sealant to the standard nosepiece caused a mean reduction of 14.3% in nasal volume, if the seal quality was suspected to be suboptimal. Nasopharyngeal volume decreased by a mean of 28.6% when the palate is raised by the modified Valsalva manoeuvre, and no difference was found between quiet oral respiration and cessation of nasal respiration. Acoustic rhinometry is sensitive to minor changes in the details of technique. We recommend using an intermediate range of angles in both planes, the addition of a sealant where the nosepiece seal is suspect, use of newer improved nosepieces and synchronizing readings with either cessation of nasal respiration or with quiet oral respiration. There is a pressing need for international agreement on such details if collaboration and clinical application of acoustic rhinometry is to flourish.

Acoustics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Quality of the therapeutic relationship: do common factors in psychotherapy correspond with common characteristics of psychotherapists? SPR Collaborative Research Network].

In view of the great diversity to be found among psychotherapists in many countries in terms of professional background, theoretical orientation, and other personal and demographic characteristics, it is surprising to find certain areas of great commonality. Among the most striking of these are therapists' reports of their ideals and perceptions concerning their manner of relating to their patients. A very large majority of nearly 2,400 therapists surveyed in an on-going study of psychotherapeutic development wanted to and did see their behavior vis-a-vis patients as accepting, friendly, warm, tolerant, committed, and involved. These traits, which indicate a strong proclivity toward forming a positive therapeutic bond or alliance, also closely match qualities that therapists perceive in their own personal relationships. Discussion of these findings focuses on the possible sources and therapeutic consequences of this common pattern of interpersonal behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Nonparametric linkage regression. I: Combined Caucasian CSGA and German genome scans for asthma.

In this paper we applied the nonparametric linkage (NPL) regression approach to the combined Caucasian genome scan data from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Asthma (CSGA) and German family studies to search for regions of the genome that exhibit evidence for linkage to putative asthma-predisposing genes. The multipoint single-locus model identified three regions of the genome with LOD scores of approximately two or greater. These regions were on 6p near D6S291 (LOD = 2.78), 2p near D2S2298 (LOD = 2.11), and 1p near D1S1597 (LOD = 1.92). Modeling multiple loci together and testing for interactions among loci yielded stronger evidence for linkage in these regions. We observed a potential epistatic interaction between 2p and 14p (p = 0.0003) and conditional LOD scores of 2.75 on 1p, 3.89 on 6p, 1.64 on 7p, and 1.64 on 15q.

Adult↗