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PubMed1994

Synopsis of workshop on treatment of solid tumours.

A workshop was held which attempted to identify the clinical trials that need to be performed using retinoids alone or in combination in patients with solid tumours. 13-cis retinoic acid is currently the preferred retinoid apart from in breast cancer where hydroxy phenyl retinamide might be preferable. It was agreed that standard response criteria should be used in phase II trials but that response rates as low as 5% should be sufficient to encourage randomized adjuvant or maintenance trials where survival would be the main endpoint.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1994

[Conclusions of the first French workshop of standardization of anticardiolipin antibody determination associated with autoimmune pathology].

Anticardiolipine antibodies are a marker of the antiphospholipid syndrome. They are detected by Elisa. Despite its simplicity, the results obtained by this assay are not always reproducible despite several worldwide standardizations and the distribution of calibration sera by EN Harris. On 4 December 1992, the First French Anticardiolipin Antibodies Standardization Workshop was held in Paris. Eight coded standards were sent to 33 laboratories in France, one in Switzerland and one in Luxembourg. Some of them used several assays. Agreement between qualitative results was good for samples with high and moderate level of antibodies. But the results expressed in IgG antiphospholipid units were scattered, the interlaboratory coefficient of variation for each of the eight standards was higher than 70%, though the within-run coefficient of variation had a median value of 10%. Assays using bovine serum for the blocking buffer and for the dilution buffer seemed to give more reproducible results than assays using purified bovine serum albumin (p < 0.001). For only nine assays out of 38 which expressed results quantitatively, was a linear regression observed between the dilutions of a sample and the results expressed in IgG antiphospholipid units. Absence of linearity is an obstacle which must be overcome if we wish to compare quantitative results obtained by different laboratories.

Antibodies, Anticardiolipin↗
PubMed1994

Myeloid activation antigen CD66/67: immunochemical and immunocytometric characterization with the Vth workshop monoclonal antibodies.

Flow cytometric and immunochemical studies performed with the CD66/67 panel antibodies from the Vth International Workshop on Leukocyte Antigens allowed to subdivide these antibodies into five groups, according to the molecular weights of polypeptides recognized by these antibodies on pooled healthy donor granulocytes. Although some monoclonal antibodies recognized either 95-110 kDa, or 160-180 kDa polypeptides, majority of the examined antibodies reacted with epitopes shared by both 95-110 kDa and 160-180 kDa polypeptides. Differential TPA-induced modulation of recognized antigens was observed with HL-60 and U-937 leukemia/lymphoma cell lines.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1994

Umbilical cord blood progenitor cell transplantation. The International Conference Workshop on Cord Blood Transplantation, Indianapolis, November 1993.

Haemopoietic progenitor cells are present in umbilical cord blood (UCB) and have been used to restore haemopoiesis in children after myeloablative therapy. UCB may possess a number of advantages over bone marrow and peripheral blood as a source of allogeneic progenitor cells, e.g. a lower incidence of graft-versus-host disease and a decreased risk of transmission of infection and there is considerable interest in the establishment of large cord blood banks for use in unrelated transplants. The International Conference Workshop on Cord Blood Transplantation was held in Indianapolis in November 1993 and provided a timely opportunity to review the clinical and laboratory data relating to the use of UCB in transplantation. The results from 34 UCB transplants have been reported to the International Cord Blood Transplant Registry. Engraftment was achieved in 27 of 31 evaluable patients. Graft-versus-host disease > grade 1 occurred only in children transplanted from a one haplotype matched donor; 22 patients survive at a median of 1.5 years. Further sessions at the meeting reviewed the haemopoietic cell content of UCB, the capacity for expansion of early cells and the origin (fetal and/or maternal) and function of lymphoid cells within the graft. The conference ended with a discussion of the practicalities of cord blood banking including collection, cryopreservation, storage, HLA-typing and screening for genetic and infectious diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Suicide contagion and the reporting of suicide: recommendations from a national workshop. United States Department of Health and Human Services.

In November 1989, a national workshop that included suicidologists, public health officials, researchers, psychiatrists, psychologists, and news media professionals was held to address general concerns about, and specific recommendations for, reducing the possibility of media-related suicide contagion. These recommendations, which are endorsed by CDC, outline general issues that public officials and health and media professionals should consider when reporting about suicide. These recommendations include a depiction of those aspects of news coverage that can promote suicide contagion, and they describe ways by which community efforts to address this problem can be strengthened through specific types of news coverage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

The population health impact of arthritis. POHEM Workshop Group.

The workshop was convened to develop quantitative estimates of the incidence of progressional musculoskeletal diseases in order to estimate the population health impact of arthritis. Estimates were developed for (a) the prevalence of arthritis, (b) a weighting strategy to adjust for the quality of life for the range of health states associated with arthritis, and (c) transition probabilities to represent the likelihood of disease onset and progression through the range of possible health states. A simulation "game" was designed to follow the progression of a cohort of 200 healthy persons or persons with arthritis, creating the basis for the estimation of transition probabilities and thus generating simulated longitudinal data that allow calculation of the quantitative estimate of the burden of illness from musculoskeletal diseases within the Canadian population.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1993

Oxygen in human tumors: correlations between methods of measurement and response to therapy. Summary of a workshop held November 19-20, 1992, at the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.

Knowledge about the oxygenation of human tumors and its importance in the response to radiotherapy is crucial to the effort to develop improved treatment methods for radiotherapy. The measurement of oxygenation of human tumors and correlations with response to radiotherapy were the subjects of a recent workshop sponsored by the National Cancer Institute. The following methods for measuring oxygen or hypoxia, or a parameter related to either, were presented: polarographic oxygen electrodes, the comet and alkaline elution assays for radiation-induced DNA damage, nitroimidazole binding assays, hemoglobin saturation assays, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, electron spin resonance spectroscopy, phosphorescence imaging, and an assay for tumor interstitial pressure. The electron spin resonance, alkaline elution, and phosphorescence imaging methods have not been used in human tumors. The comet assay, nitroimidazole binding assays, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, cryospectroscopy, and near-infrared spectroscopy have been employed in human tumors, but correlations to treatment response have not been made. Polarographic measurements have indicated that the presence of hypoxia correlates with a poor response to radiotherapy in cervical cancers, but additional data are needed on early-stage disease, and with long-term follow-up on local control and survival. If these confirm the correlation between hypoxia and poor response to radiotherapy, additional tumor sites should be studied. Future clinical trials of treatments that sensitize, exploit, or kill hypoxic cells should identify and include the individual patients with hypoxic tumors. Fundamental unanswered questions regarding the assessment of tumor oxygenation concern the need for invasive procedures, the spatial resolution needed for prediction of response to radiotherapy, the importance of reoxygenation, differences between tumors in rates and degrees of reoxygenation, whether measurements made during a course of therapy are of value, and correlations among methods and with other predictive assays such as intrinsic radiosensitivity and potential doubling time.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Generation of a new gamma delta T cell-specific monoclonal antibody (GD3.5). Biochemical comparisons of GD3.5 antigen with the previously described Workshop Cluster 1 (WC1) family.

In this report, we describe GD3.5, a new lineage-specific gamma delta T cell marker that is distinct from TCR and known Workshop Cluster 1 (WC1). FACS analysis indicated that GD3.5Ag is expressed on approximately 90% of the peripheral blood gamma delta T cell population and GD3.5 specifically stained gamma delta T cells and not alpha beta T cells, B cells, neutrophils, or monocytes. Also, a significant portion of the GD3.5-positive population was WC1-negative. Nonreducing Western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation experiments revealed a single 220- to 240-kDa glycoprotein recognized by GD3.5 compared with two WC1 bands at 200 kDa and 300 kDa recognized by the IL-A29 Ab. Cross-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that GD3.5 could be immunoprecipitated from lysates cleared of IL-A29/WC1 complexes. Reciprocally, WC1 could be immunoprecipitated from lysates cleared of GD3.5Ab/GD3.5Ag complexes. Digestion of WC1 and GD3.5 Ag with V-8 protease resulted in digestion profiles that clearly distinguished the glycoproteins. Additionally, GD3.5 Ag and WC1 possess disparate sensitivity to PNGase F, O-sialoglycoprotease, and neuraminidase, indicating differences in N- and O-linked sugars and the presence of sialic acid residues. Both GD3.5 Ag and WC1 appeared to be sialomucin-like molecules that share similar O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase sensitivity with other cell surface molecules, such as PSGL-1. Lastly, GD3.5 Ag, but not WC1, was exquisitely sensitive to very low-dose chymotrypsin treatment. Therefore, our data suggest that GD3.5 Ag is a previously uncharacterized, lineage-specific gamma delta T cell Ag. Furthermore, we show that GD3.5 and WC1 are sialomucins, which provides important clues to their function.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

RT-PCR in acute promyelocytic leukemia: second workshop of the European Retinoic Group, Paris, France, 17-18 December 1994.

Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction is a recent technique in the diagnosis and assessment of minimal residual disease of acute promyelocytic leukemia, by amplification, of the different PML-RARalpha transcripts resulting from the t(15;17) translocation. The main issues addressed by the Second Workshop on PML-RARalpha-RT-PCR which took place in Paris, France on 17-18 December 1994, were related to (1) defining the specific pitfalls of the PML-RARalpha-RT-PCR, and means to improve the sensitivity of the technique; (2) the validity of PCR results obtained in CR to provide information on the extent of the disease; (3) the frequency and prognostic value of the different PML-RARalpha transcripts.

Europe↗
PubMed1996

Report of the workshop on clinical trials. GHSG. German Hodgkin Study Group.

During the Third International Symposium, a leading panel of experts in the field discussed the current most prominent problems in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease to give recommendations for future clinical trials. Within the workshop on clinical trials the following issues were addressed: 1. Which diagnostic procedures are state of the art and to what extent are they able to contribute to a so-called response-adapted treatment (RAT)? 2. What is the optimal dose and volume of radiotherapy in different stages? 3. What is the value of chemotherapy in early stages and is it restricted to a certain subgroup? 3. Have we achieved as much as we can in intermediate stages in terms of response with now focusing future efforts on reducing toxicity and improving quality of live? 5. Is high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) the answer to the challenge of improving treatment results in advanced stages? 6. What is the optimal schedule and dose of HDCT and consecutive autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT)?

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1996

NHLBI workshop panel discussion: a scientific perspective.

THE WORKSHOP ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HYPERTENSION in Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, and Asian/Pacific Islander Americans concluded with a panel discussion of the findings from a scientific perspective. Panel members presented their ideas for research direction on measuring and identifying more accurately the frequency, distribution, and determinants of hypertension in minority populations, evaluating mechanisms leading to hypertension, and identifying the implications for public health and medical practice. Several members stressed the need for additional data collections, using standardized methods. They stated that future studies, including longitudinal ones, should target specific ethnic populations and subpopulations and address the role of acculturation, assimilation, modernization, and socio-economic status. They also recommended comparative and collaborative studies among groups. They emphasized the importance of obesity and diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance as determinants of hypertension in all three populations, and suggested that there may be differences in the etiology and pathophysiology of hypertension among the groups, with visceral adiposity or insulin resistance syndrome being more important in Asian populations. The potential for identification of genes involved in blood pressure variation and hypertension risk may help understand the interaction of genes with the environment. Minority groups in the United States share the problem of high prevalence of high blood pressure and low rates of control. For this reason, the panel urged a new era of community-based, culturally sensitive prevention and control projects.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

National Medical Association/National Institutes of Health Workshop on Violence and the Conduct of Research. Workgroup Proceedings, June 1-2, 1994.

The physical, economic, and mental toll caused by violence in the United States has put tremendous pressure on American medical, political, religious, and social institutions. The impact in urban neighborhoods has been especially harrowing, forcing African-American organizations to address this domestic problem with ideas and suggestions unique to their philosophies and collective talents. This article contains general perspectives and commentary from physicians and social science experts who participated in a workshop sponsored by the National Medical Association, the National Institute of Drug Abuse, and the National Institute of Mental Health to discuss topics on violence, its health consequences, and the conduct of research in the African-American community.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1996

Immunohistochemical characterization of 22 monoclonal antibodies against the CA125 antigen: 2nd report from the ISOBM TD-1 Workshop.

We evaluated the immunohistological (IH) characteristics of 22 different antibodies that were submitted for study in the frame of the TD-1 ISOBM Workshop on monoclonal antibodies against CA125. Information on relative affinities and epitope similarities was obtained from a parallel immunochemical study. Antibodies were tested at concentrations of 10 and 1 micrograms/ml on frozen and paraffin sections. Paraffin sections were stained according to the streptavidin-biotin complex protocol, and frozen sections according to a two-step immunoperoxidase technique. Aminoethylcarbazole served as the chromogen. The tissues were from normal proliferative endometrium (formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded) material and clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the ovary (formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and frozen material). Sections were scored for staining in epithelial cells, basal, apical and diffuse cytoplasmic and in stromal components. Intensity was graded as 1, 2 or 3 for epithelial cells and as -1, -2 or -3 for stroma. The cumulative scores for each antibody expressed the discriminative properties of specific epithelial staining against background. M11 and M11-like antibodies, as well as OC125 and OC125-like antibodies, in general showed good staining results. Although there was a trend for high-affinity antibodies to show higher scores, there was no clear relationship between affinity and staining result. For nine antibodies (ZR45, MA602-1, K102, K94, K90, OV185, K97, K96, OV198), the reactions in paraffin and frozen sections were of similar intensity. Most of these were of low affinity with one exception: antibody ZR45, a rat monoclonal antibody (MAb) which had a high relative affinity. For eight antibodies (M11, K101, MA602-6, ZS33, B27.1, B43.13, K93, OC125), a loss of specific staining was observed in frozen sections. All but two of these antibodies (MA602-6 and OC125) were of high relative affinity. With four antibodies (K91, ZR38, K95, K100), the reverse situation was observed. One (K100) was of low affinity, two (K95 and K91) of high affinity and the fourth (ZR38) was a rat MAb of high affinity. Mainly due to the increased cytoplasmic staining in carcinoma, the reactivity in paraffin sections was less extensive in normal endometrium compared to ovarian carcinoma for the majority of antibodies, irrespective of their affinity or epitope group. The IH characterization of these antibodies may be of help in selecting antibodies with specific properties for further comparative studies. The reactivity of normal endometrium with all useful antibodies makes it a good candidate for standard external IH tissue control.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell↗
PubMed1997

Naturally occurring selenium compounds in cancer chemoprevention trials: a workshop summary.

Evidence from epidemiological studies and a human intervention trial indicates that selenium (Se) may have chemopreventive activity in humans. This report summarizes a workshop held by the National Cancer Institute to address the use of naturally occurring Se compounds in future cancer chemoprevention trials. Differences in the metabolism of inorganic and organic Se compounds can be seen both in the biochemical handling of these forms and in their kinetics in humans. Long-term supplementation could result in greater increases in muscle stores for organic rather than inorganic forms. Because of long half-lives, trials may have to be of long duration to assess efficacy and safety. The optimal size of dose for supplementation is controversial with respect to both efficacy and safety. In China, selenosis was observed in some individuals with a sustained intake of at least 750 micrograms/day but was not observed among others with intakes exceeding 1 mg. These levels exceed the reference dose, a measure of the maximal safe intake, which is 350 micrograms/day. A large-scale Se human intervention trial in the United States suggests no harm due to long-term Se intake of more than 200 micrograms/day. Se deficiency has been shown to have deleterious effects on the immune system, allowing, for example, a benign form of the Coxsackievirus to become virulent in mice. These recent results may provide an explanation of earlier findings showing a protective effect of elevated Se intakes against a mouse mammary tumor virus. Additional studies on the use of Se as a chemopreventive agent in man seem warranted.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

The workshop on endocrine disrupter research needs: a report.

On April 10-13, 1995 the US EPA sponsored a workshop to develop research needs for endocrine disrupters. Participants were assigned to discussion groups for health effects issues and risk assessment methodologies. The neurotoxicology workgroup identified several chemicals including the PCBs and dioxins that affect nervous system function possibly by acting on the endocrine system during development. The study of endocrine disrupter is confounded by a number of uncertainties, including the presence of chemical mixtures in the environment unclear exposure parameters, poorly understood mechanisms of action, poor dose-response characterization, and uncertain animal-to-human extrapolation. The working group proposed a research strategy to address these uncertainties, which includes initial identification of effects of concern to human and/or wildlife populations and determining whether those effects can be associated with exposure to specific chemicals in the environment and neuroendocrine disruption. Once a problem chemical has been identified and the exposure conditions established, hypothesis-driven research to determine mechanism of action could proceed.

Endocrine System Diseases↗
PubMed1997

Publishing workshops number 4. Preparing a manuscript: reviewing literature.

In this paper we have looked at the different avenues for nurses to contribute to the knowledge base of the discipline by writing about nursing literature. We emphasised the responsibility that goes with this action. As with all writing the starting point is for the author to define the boundaries of the work, and then decide what it is that she or he wants to communicate. After that it is a matter of planning a logical and coherent sequence and proceeding to develop the content in language that is as simple and effective as possible. Reference was made to the general guidelines for writing proposed in an earlier workshop (Chick et al, 1996). In this paper three different forms, a review article, a literature review and review of a piece of literature have been discussed, noting the purposes that each serves and the way in which, to a large extent, purpose dictates both content and the order and priority to be given to the various sections. Three of the key dimensions along which variation can occur are scope, critical emphasis, and relevance to practice.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Long-term survival of patients with acute myeloid leukemia: a third follow-up of the Fourth International Workshop on Chromosomes in Leukemia.

BACKGROUND: In 1982, the Fourth International Workshop on Chromosomes in Leukemia reviewed data prospectively collected on 716 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) diagnosed between 1980 and 1982. The present study examined the extended follow-up on these patients. METHODS: The analyses included cytogenetic and clinical data, with a median follow-up of 14.7 years, from 54 patients with treatment-associated AML and 628 with de novo AML. Of these patients, 291 received induction therapy that would be considered standard by today's criteria; no patient received high-dose cytarabine (HiDAC) intensification. RESULTS: Among the patients with treatment-associated AML, the only long-term survivor in retrospect appears to have had de novo AML. Among the patients with de novo AML, achievement of complete remission and survival varied significantly based on cytogenetic classification among all 628 patients as well as among those who did and did not receive standard induction therapy. The remission rate and survival were significantly better with standard induction therapy for patients with t(15;17) and normal cytogenetics. Multivariate analyses showed that karyotype was an independent predictor of survival for all patients and those receiving standard induction therapy. Only 8.9% of patients were alive 5 years following diagnosis, but 5 years of continuous remission was synonymous with cure. Even among 5-year survivors who had suffered a previous relapse, 41% appeared to be cured. Survival among patients in continuous remission for > or = 10 years varied significantly by cytogenetic classification. In the absence of HiDAC intensification, no complete responders with t(8;21) and only 7% with normal cytogenetics survived continuously 10 years disease free. CONCLUSIONS: Cure of AML following specific therapies must be evaluated in the context of cytogenetics. A meta-analysis incorporating cytogenetic data is indicated for patients with > or = 10 years of follow-up.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

Drug utilization in Europe--report of the EURO-DURG workshop and joint symposium with the EACPT Berlin 16.9-18.9 1997. European Drug Utilization Research Group. European Association for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics.

Around 1,000 participants from all European countries, but also from overseas, visited the Second International Congress of the European Association for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (EACPT) in Berlin. The EACPT appreciates the cooperation with other scientific organizations. Five out of 19 symposia offered could be presented jointly with other European societies. One of the symposia took place in conjunction with the European Drug Utilization Research Group (EURO-DURG). The main topic of this joint symposium, led by Professor Ulf Bergman (Huddinge, Sweden) and Dr. Liselotte von Ferber (Cologne, Germany), was the use of drugs and its determinants "in real life" compared to its use under conditions of clinical research. The poster exhibition of this symposium included 80 posters. Attended by 110 participants from 25 countries, the EURO-DURG workshop took place at the very beginning of the joint symposium.

Confidentiality↗