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At least 1,657 records · Page 92Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Phytochemical and active column fractions of Pyrenacantha staudtii leaf extracts on isolated rat uterus.

Four methanolic leaf fraction extracts of Pyrenacantha staudtii obtained from accelerated gradient chromatography (AGC) were tested on the isolated rat uterus. Various fractions--M1, M2, M3 and M4 through bioassay guided isolation were obtained. Fractions M(2) and M(4), containing saponins and alkaloids respectively, significantly (P<0.05) exerted high smooth muscle relaxant activity on the uterus. Fractions M(1) and M(3) containing fatty acids and tannins respectively did not exhibit significant effect on the isolated rat uterus. The results indicate the presence of active principles in the leaf extracts of P. staudtii which may be responsible for some of the applications in traditional medicines as remedy against threatened abortion and dysmenorrheal.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Therapy and anthelmintic resistance].

Treatment against nematode parasites in sheep and goats is reviewed. The main risk factors for parasitic infection in these hosts are briefly outlined. The mechanism of action of the most important chemical groups (imidazothiazoles and pyrimidines, benzimidazoles/ pro-benzimidazoles and macrocyclic lactones) to which the modern anthelmintic drugs belong are illustrated and discussed with particular emphasis on possible selection of anthelmintic resistance. The need for strategic integrated control based also on the epidemiological patterns of parasitism, the composition and the production of the herd (milk, meat, wool) and the potency of the drugs are discussed. The importance of diet and potential alternative control measures (nematophagus fungi and natural compounds such as tannins) are illustrated.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1990

Inhibitory effects of aqueous extract of cacao bean husk on collagenase of Bacteroides gingivalis.

Natural materials containing tannin were examined to determine whether they possessed any inhibitory activity against collagenase obtained from the culture supernatant of Bacteroides gingivalis. The collagenolytic activity was determined with Collagenokit CLN-100 (Collagen Technological Co., Tokyo) using FITC-conjugated collagen type 1. Among the test samples, only an aqueous extract of cacao (Theobroma cacao) bean husk strongly inhibited the bacterial collagenase. This inhibitory potency was at the same level as that of tetracycline-HCl.

Cacao↗
PubMed1990

[Quality standards of flos Sophorae Carbonisatus].

The tannin and rutin contents in seventeen samples of Flos Sophorae Carbonisatus were determined. These samples were tested and examined microscopically, physically and chemically. Quality standards have been set forth for Flos Sophorae Carbonisatus.

Charcoal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Identification of genotoxic compounds used in leather processing industry].

The release of mutagens from 7 carbon black-based leather dyes and from leather samples at various stages of finishing was determined. After vigorous treatment with toluene, 4 commercial dyes yelded mutagenic extracts on Salmonella typhimurium in the presence of microsomal enzymes. Only in one case were the responsible chemicals identified as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The low bioavailability of mutagens contained in carbon black and their low mutagenic activity suggest that the risk associated with the use of these dyes is probably negligible. Soxhlet extracts with ethanol from finished leather were mutagenic on strain TA98 of Salmonella typhimurium in the absence of S9 mix. Analysis of extracts of leather samples at various intermediate stages of processing showed that mutagenic activity was detectable after the colouring process. The responsible compound was identified as a nitroazo dye (Colour Index: Acid Brown 83), with a mutagenic potential of about 4 revertant/micrograms. Eighteen commercial tannins containing mainly Cr(III) sulphates were assessed for genotoxicity. Most were contaminated with Cr(VI), a known mutagenic and carcinogenic agent, at levels sufficient to induce an increased frequency of SCE (sister chromatid exchanges) in mammalian cells (CHO, chinese hamster ovary) tested in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Increased sensitivity of the parapertussis diagnostic agent].

The adsorption activity of formolated sheep red blood cells can be increased by their combined treatment with low-frequency ultrasound, tannin and Tween-40. The diagnosticums thus obtained have proved to be highly sensitive and specific and can be recommended for the detection of antibodies to Bordetella parapertussis in the sera of sick children.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A fatal case of oak poisoning in a double-wattled cassowary (Casuarius casuarius).

A double-wattled cassowary died following a clinical course of severe diarrhea, anorexia, and polydypsia. At necropsy, prolapse of the penis, severe enteritis, and swelling of the kidneys with subcapsular heavy deposits of urates were noted. Histologic lesions comprised nephrosis, interstitial edemia of the muscle, and sloughing of the intestinal villi. Leaves collected from the gizzard were identified as coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia). Diagnosis of oak poisoning was made based on the renal lesions and the finding of a high content of tannins in the liver and gastrointestinal tract. Oak poisoning has not been reported previously in avian species.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Role of polyphenols in the low nutritive value of Vicia faba].

The inclusion of field bean (Vicia faba) in diets for growing experimental animals, reduced their growth performance in a similar way as compared with controls fed a casein diet, with 0.2% tannic acid. Hydroalcoholic extracts or isolated tannins obtained from Vicia faba seeds, decreased the intestinal transport of D-glucose. The addition of 0.05, 0.1 or 0.2% of tannic acid to the perfusion solutions containing D-glucose proportionally diminished the intestinal uptake of sugar according to its poliphenolic content. It has been postulated that polyphenols reduce, at least partially, the nutritive value of legumes, by altering monosaccharide absorption. Other constituents, however, could also be involved.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Protein determination in urine--a critical review].

Seven methods for protein determination in urine were systematically checked, viz. turbidimetric assay with benzethonium chloride, turbidimetry with trichloroacetic acid of various concentrations, micellar complex formation with Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250, formation and gel filtration of protein complexes with copper, reaction of protein tannin compounds with iron, and biuret reaction after different precipitation procedures. The evaluation was mainly based on the following criteria: identical reaction with various proteins, stable and linear absorbance with concentration, complete recovery, and greatest possible freedom from interferences. On this basis, the biuret reaction must now be regarded as the method of choice. Albumin and gamma-globulins are reliably estimated after precipitation by perchloric acid or by an ethanol-diethylether mixture, whereas all proteins, including uromucoid, may be measured after precipitation by Tsuchiya's reagent. Interference from urinary pigments can be avoided by reading versus a sample blank.

Benzethonium↗
PubMed1985

Molluscicidal properties of Acacia nilotica subspecies tomentosa and astringens II.

A screening programme of plants rich in plant phenolic tannins for molluscicidal activity against the snail species Bulinus truncatus and Biomphalaria pfeifferi is now under way. The spray-dried powders of the pods and stem bark of Acacia nilotica subspp. nilotica, tomentosa and astringens prove to be promising vegetable molluscicides.

Acacia↗
PubMed1981

Mounting of biological microsamples on protein coats for TaOTO non-coated scanning electron microscopy.

Gelatin-coated glass cover slips were immersed in a mixture of glutaraldehyde and tannic acid, and rinsed in bovine or human serum. The gelatin-coated cover slips were first placed in a human blood cell suspension, and subsequently placed in a solution of glutaraldehyde or osmium tetroxide. This preliminary mounting of the blood cells eliminated troublesome centrifugations in the tannin-osmium-thiocarbohydrazide-osmium (TaOTO) impregnation. The blood cells seldom detached from the cover slips even when the specimens were dehydrated with ethanol and critical point dried with liquid carbon dioxide. Both the mounting media as well as the mounted cells were intensely stained by the TaOTO method, and exhibited no charging in the scanning electron microscope even at acceleration voltages of 25 kV. The scanning images of the white blood cells with their microvilli were clearly visible with sharp contrast.

Blood Cells↗
PubMed1983

Principles of constructing efficient erythrocyte immunoglobulin diagnostics.

Selection of the method of loading erythrocytes with preparations of immunoglobulins (IG) should be determined by the properties of the sensitins to be used. For the production of efficient antibody diagnostics it is advisable to use amidol while in the case of highly active and concentrated sera, amidol, CrCl3 and glutaraldehyde should be employed. The application of IgG preparations considerably enhances the sensitivity of PHAR in the indication of antigens. Immunoglobulin diagnostics on the basis of IG preparations of normal sera should be produced by means of rivanol, tannin or previously heated erythrocytes. In the multiform group of erythrocyte immunoglobulin diagnostics it is necessary to distinguish antibody and non-antibody preparations. Such a classification is justified with respect to differences in the purpose and the optimum methods of production of immunoglobulin diagnostics.

Aminophenols↗
PubMed1978

[Nutrition, alcohol and oesophageal cancer (author's transl)].

Nutritional factors are suspected to cause oesophageal cancer as well as other cancers of the digestive tract. Sideropenia, lack of molybdenum, tannins have been reported to be associated with the disease. Polycyclic hydrocarbons and nitrosamines have been found in alcoholic beverages from high incidence regions; the significance of the small amounts detected remains to be assessed. A recent survey in Iran points out the role of poor and monotonous diet. In Brittany, no major deficiencies were found, neither in quantity or quality, in the diet of 200 male cases of oesophageal cancer when compared with a population control group. Differences in consumption were detected for a few items; the most obvious discrepancies concerned the various alcoholic beverages for which the proportion of heavy consumers was systematically greater among cases. Alcohol and tobacco are both independently associated with the disease; there is a dose-response relationship for both and their effects are multiplicative. The mechanism of the action of alcohol in oesophageal cancer is briefly discussed.

Alcoholic Beverages↗
PubMed1982

[Disorders appearing in animals ingesting Vicia faba L. beans].

The effect of feeding growing male rats and chickens on diets containing raw field bean (Vicia faba L.) as the main source of protein, on the rate of growth and muscle protein metabolism, has been investigated for more than ten years in this laboratory. In the present report we summarize some of the results we have obtained so far. The experimental animals showed, along with the classical reduction in the rate of growth, significant increases in several urinary parameters. These effects were accompanied by changes in the activity of enzymes associated with both aminoacids catabolism and intestinal digestion. Furthermore the role of tannins on the catabolic effect of this legume is discussed as well.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1982

[Significance of various antiphysiological and nutritional factors on the biological evaluation of various cultures of the common bean (Phaseolus sp.)].

Raw and cooked samples of beans supplemented with methionine were used to prepare 35 rat diets containing different amounts of methionine, tannins, and trypsin inhibitors. The effect of these diets on weight gain, mortality and protein utilization was measured. The weight gain/protein consumption ratio increased while mortality decreased as the proportion of raw beans decreased in the diet. The effects of diet, beans and their interaction were significant. Supplementation with methionine had no effect in diets with high proportions of raw beans, but it had a significant effect on the biological response to diets with high proportions of cooked beans. The high and early mortality that occurred with diets with a high content of raw beans did not permit the adequate determination of apparent digestibility. In diets with a high concentration of cooked beans, digestibility was higher for white than for black or red beans. Since methionine supplementation had no effect on digestibility, it is suggested that heat-induced changes in the protein could be of great importance in the improvement of bean protein. At the same time, heat destroys the antiphysiological factors, since no definite detrimental effect was observed in the cooked samples due to these factors. It is concluded that the low nutritive value of cooked beans is due to a deficiency of sulfur-containing amino acids, and that the structure of the protein is a factor of the utmost importance in determining its digestibility.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Acute intra-abomasal toxicity of tannic acid in sheep.

Acute tannic acid toxicity was studied in 6 adult Merino ewes by administering 7-10% (w/v) tannic acid solution once into the abomasum via an abomasal fistula at dose rates of 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 g tannic acid/kg body weight. Samples of blood, urine and abomasal fluid were collected over a 48-h period before the sheep were necropsied 48 h after dosing. Dose rates of 1.0 and 2.0 g tannic acid/kg body weight produced abomasal, liver and kidney lesions. The abomasum had superficial mucosal erosions, hemorrhage and submucosal edema; the liver showed midzonal or periacinar coagulative necrosis; and the kidneys had focal tubular vacuolation and necrosis. In sheep dosed with 1.0 g tannic acid/kg body weight, there was a significant (P < 0.01) decrease in plasma phosphate and an increase in plasma aspartate aminotransferase and urea levels. Plasma total protein concentrations significantly (P < 0.05) decreased 24 h after dosing, but returned to normal by 48 h. By 4 h after dosing, abomasal fluid pH was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than predosing value, whereas urine pH significantly (P < 0.05) decreased. Both abomasal fluid and urine pH returned to normal 48 h after dosing. The liver and kidney damage seen in this study, in contrast to the methemoglobinemia without liver and kidney lesions previously reported when sheep were given tannic acid by oral gavage (1), suggest that, in cases of natural poisoning, tannins are not released from plant material until it enters the abomasum.

Abomasum↗