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At least 1,657 records · Page 92Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Comparison of bone densitometry of the phalanges, distal forearm and axial skeleton in early postmenopausal women participating in the EPIC Study.

We present baseline bone densitometry from the Early Postmenopausal Interventional Cohort study (EPIC, sponsored by Merck, Sharp & Dohme) for the first time, in which 1609 women from England, Oregon, Hawaii and Denmark are participating to investigate the efficacy of daily oral alendronate to prevent early postmenopausal bone loss. We compared radiographic absorptiometry (RA) of the phalanges for bone mineral density (BMD) measurement with single-energy X-ray absorptiometry (SXA) of the distal forearm, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the lumbar spine, proximal femur and distal forearm. In a random subgroup of 308 women, aged 45-60 years, on average 6 years since menopause (YSM), bone densitometry was measured once at baseline by RA of the phalanges besides the mandatory measurements by DXA. Bone densitometry was furthermore measured by SXA at the Danish site (89 women). Sixty-eight of the women had duplicate measurements performed within 1-3 weeks to evaluate the short-term precision error (CV%). One hundred and one healthy premenopausal women, aged 25-48 years, were recruited at the Danish and Hawaiian sites to establish a reference group. The precision error was 1.5% for RA of the phalanges and in the range 1.0-2.2% for SXA and DXA. BMD by RA correlated with BMD measured by SXA and DXA in the range 0.45 < r < 0.72 (p < 0.001). In conclusion, bone densitometry by RA of the phalanges is highly correlated with bone densitometry by SXA and DXA. RA of the phalanges has a short-term precision error comparable to that of SXA and DXA.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2003

The value of three-dimensional ultrasonography in the screening of the fetal skeleton.

INTRODUCTION: 3D ultrasound is a new technical advance that gives complementary information to that provided by the 2D ultrasound. It may help to correctly diagnose fetal anomalies. VALUE OF 3D ULTRASOUND: Its major advantages are as follows: any section plane can be created within the volume, making it possible to realize sections perpendicular to the ultrasound beam; multiplanar view; storage of volumes that can be reviewed afterward and may be useful for educational purposes.

Echoencephalography↗
PubMed2002

Growth hormone and the skeleton in pediatric renal allograft recipients.

Recombinant human growth hormone has been utilized to augment linear growth in pediatric renal allograft recipients. The skeletal changes that accompany growth hormone therapy have not been described in children. Thus, 23 stable prepubertal pediatric kidney recipients, aged 10 +/- 3 years, with a mean transplant time of 3.4 +/- 2.5 years and histological findings of normal bone formation and adynamic bone on bone biopsies were prospectively randomized into two groups. These comprised a treated group that received 12 months of growth hormone and a control group that did not receive any treatment. Anthropometric measurements and blood for serum calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteocalcin, and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) were obtained every 3 months. Measurements of bone mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were performed at the beginning and end of the study period. All patients underwent an initial and final bone biopsy procedure after double tetracycline labeling. Annual growth velocity increased and standard deviation scores for height improved in the treated group. Serum IGF-I levels increased in the treated group and the increase was evident in patients with normal bone formation who received growth hormone but not in patients with adynamic bone. Serum calcium, phosphorus, osteocalcin, and PTH levels did not differ between the treated and control groups. Bone mass did not change in the treated group, but declined after 12 months in the control group. Bone formation rates did not increase with growth hormone treatment. Thus, growth hormone therapy improves linear growth and maintains bone mass, but does not favorably affect bone formation rates in stable pediatric renal allograft recipients.

Age Determination by Skeleton↗
PubMed2005

Aging process variability on the human skeleton: artificial network as an appropriate tool for age at death assessment.

Adult age-at-death assessment is one of the most difficult problem encountered in paleoanthropology. Many procedures have been proposed using either skeletal remains or dental records, but most show systematic bias. Data processing of current methods are a source of error because they neglect that process of biological ageing is very variable between individuals and populations. The aim of this study is to test the potentiality of artificial neural networks (ANN) as a prediction tool. ANN have been used for a wide variety of applications where statistical methods are traditionally employed. But it performs better to solve linearly non separable patterns. We applied this technique after observation of several features' aging changes of the pubic symphysis and the auricular surface of the ilium. Although we failed to reduce the size of the intermediate class (30-59 years), the neural network identifies, with better reliability than previous works, the youngest (20-29 years) and the oldest (above 60 years) individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Finding of a skeleton in the Altaussee Lake--a forensic odyssey.

Divers found several human bones in a lake in central Austria. As signs of blunt force trauma to the skull were detectable and one of the possible perpetrators still was alive, exact medico-legal examination was necessary. Age of the person and time since death were estimated. The residues of possible brain tissue underwent histological examination. Two of the three missing persons could be excluded, one of them using mitochondrial DNA analysis. Any pending legal proceedings could be avoided as a result of our examinations.

Adult↗