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PubMed1976

Oral premedication with oxypertine.

The preoperative effects of oral oxypertine have been compared with those of papaveretum and atropine in 185 patients in a double-blind between-patient study. Oxypertine 20 mg given orally as a nocturnal sedative and again on the morning of operation produced relief of anxiety comparable to that of papaveretum 10 mg and atropine 0.6 mg. It is concluded that oxypertine may be of value in medication before anaesthesia.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

A controlled clinical trial of oral droperidol and droperidol plus diazepam for premedication in children.

In 87 children aged 2-9 yr, oral droperidol and oral droperidol plus diazepam were compared as premedicants in a controlled double-blind clinical trial. Atropine was given orally to all the patients. Droperidol was well absorbed and produced good sedation, associated with a low incidence of vomiting after operation. Droperidol plus diazepam did not appear to offer any advantage over droperidol alone. Anxiety and extrapyramidal effects were not observed and may have been obviated by the addition of atropine. Droperidol syrup was noted to be more palatable than other oral premedicants in use.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of flunitrazepam and diazepam for oral premedication in older children.

A double-blind trial was conducted of two benzodiazepines, flunitrazepam and diazepam, given orally to 142 children (30 kg in weight or heavier) undergoing routine surgery. Flunitrazepam was associated with greater sedation before operation and less vomiting after operation than diazepam. Flunitrazepam caused a greater frequency of amnesia for the periods of induction and immediately after operation. Plasma concentrations were measured in 65 children and were found to be significantly greater in those children having amnesia for the induction period in both flunitrazepam and diazepam groups. In the diazepam group, plasma concentrations were significantly smaller in those who vomited than in those who did not vomit.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1980

Comparative study of the clinical effects of tofizopam, nitrazepam and placebo as oral premedication.

In a double-blind randomized study 47 patients received tofizopam 100 mg orally the night before operation, and 100 mg on the morning of operation; 49 patients received nitrazepam 5 mg and 50 patients received placebo. On average the nitrazepam group slept better and were better sedated than the tofizopam or placebo groups. Compared with placebo or nitrazepam, tofizopam decreased the excitement of the patients. The effect tofizopam on apprehension and excitement was significantly better than those of placebo or nitrazepam. Nitrazepam, but not tofizopam, significantly decreased the induction requirements of thiopentone.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1980

Lorazepam and morphine for i.v. surgical premedication.

The effect of i.v. lorazepam alone, in doses of 2 mg and 4 mg, and combined with morphine 5 mg, were studied. Sedation, relief of anxiety, lack of recall, patient acceptance, physician acceptance and side-effects were evaluated. The addition of morphine to lorazepam significantly improved sedation and relief of anxiety. Physician acceptance and patient acceptance showed no significant difference between any of the combinations. Lack of recall was enhanced by increasing the dose of lorazepam from 2 mg to 4 mg, independent of the addition of morphine. The only significant side-effect was restlessness which occurred in 15% of patients receiving lorazepam 4 mg and 3% of patients receiving lorazepam 2 mg, again independent of the addition of morphine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Diazepam in rectal solution as premedication in children, with special reference to serum concentrations.

The absorption of rectal diazepam solution was studied in 22 children aged 1-9 yr by measuring serum concentrations. The mean dose was 0.27 +/- 0.09 mgkg-1. The mean serum concentration was 98.5 +/- 53.5 ng ml-1 4 min after administration and 206.7 +/- 105.8 ng ml-1 at 11 min. The correlation between dose and serum concentration was statistically significant at both times. With a dose of 0.4-05 mgkg-1 an adequate serum concentration was achieved within 5-6 min. No side-effects were observed. A rectal solution provides a faster, more effective and reliable alternative to tablets and suppositories, and to the uncertain i.m. injection of diazepam. Meticulous nursing is important.

Child↗