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PubMedDate not supplied

[Antimicrobial activity of orthodontic band cements].

The prevalence of enamel decalcification and caries beneath orthodontic bands, has indicated the need for a new enamel binding adhesive orthodontic cement. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, in vitro, on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus, acidophillus, of three materials used to cements the orthodontic bands. The cements studied were: Zinc phosphate cement, Glass-ionomer cement, and Policarboxylate cement. Thirty petri plates were seeded with S. mutans, and thirty with L. acidophillus; on each plate three pellet were placed, one of each cement studied. Petri plates were incubated under microaerophilic conditions at 37 C, and checked at 72 hrs. for Streptococcus, mutans, and four days for Lactobacillus acidophillus to evaluate the inhibition zone. The results were tabulated for each material. It was demonstrated that exists important variations in the antimicrobial properties of the materials studied, as in the microbial sensitivity to these cements.

Dental Cements↗

PubMed1990

[Surgical and orthodontic treatment approach for cleidocranial dysostosis].

Developmental deformities of the permanent dentition are of primary concern in the treatment of patients suffering from cleidocranial dysostosis. The therapeutic approach should be based on interdisciplinary cooperation between orthodontists as well as oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Therapy may include surgical exposure of impacted teeth in combination with removal of supernumerary teeth. Already during the surgical procedure orthodontic bands and brackets may be attached. The next step in treatment should consist of orthodontic alignment of the teeth and correction of the jaw relations. In most cases, midfacial hypoplasia and corresponding abnormal jaw relations are also present. This deformity is best treated with midfacial osteotomy. Following this second surgical intervention, orthodontic treatment is completed in order to establish an optimal result regarding function and esthetics.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Soft-tissue profile changes concurrent with the orthodontic treatment.

Anthropologists have shown that the external covering made up of integument, adipose tissue, connective tissue, and muscle does not always distribute itself in a uniform, orderly manner. There are great variations in the amount and distribution of these soft-tissue elements. Therefore, a facial profile analysis that is limited to measurements on the hard skeletal structure would not appear to conform to the standards of accuracy if an assessment of the soft-tissue profile were required. The purpose of this investigation is to provide an understanding of the changes which occur in the soft-tissue profile during the orthodontic treatment concurrent with normal growth and development. At the present time, it is not possible to devise a set rule for differentiating a desireable from an undesireable soft-tissue facial profile. However, this should not prohibit the presentation of some reference material as an aid in the diagnosis and practice of orthodontics. In many instances evaluations of facial esthetics seem to be singularly influenced by the orthodontist's concept of a pleasing face. At present, the accomplishment of soft-tissue profile changes by dental movement is limited so it is very important to rely on proper timing of the orthodontic treatment through the pubertal growth period to achieve optimal profile changes.

Esthetics↗

PubMed1990

[Who needs orthodontic treatment?].

Most people have a dentition with individual morphologic characteristics and exhibit dental arches deviating from strict ideal norms. Such deviations may be small rotations only or slightly tipped teeth. In other cases the deviations are so marked that it is justified to term the dentition a malocclusion. Not all these deviations and malocclusions need to be corrected. Hence it is important to be able to decide when it is beneficial for the patient to receive orthodontic treatment. A decisive factor in the evaluation of the treatment need is patients' perception of malocclusions. Investigations have shown that most patients initiate orthodontic treatment after consulting their regular dentist. It is important that the latter are updated about treatment indications and potential. In the present paper the recent documentation on orthodontic treatment need is described and discussed.

Health Services Needs and Demand↗

PubMed1990

[New experimental procedures in adult orthodontics].

This presentation discusses a new approach to preprosthetic orthodontic treatment of adult patients with missing anterior teeth. The basic idea is: Prosthodontic appliances with high and lasting esthetic qualities are difficult to obtain in the anterior region. Our alternative is to close anterior gaps by orthodontic treatment, if necessary combined with recontouring of individual crowns by means of grinding and/or light-cure resin buildup. Spaces needing prosthetic closure are transferred to more posterior regions of the dental arch, usually in the premolar region. Different aspects of this new approach has been presented and discussed. The material is derived from a clinical study currently in progress at the departments of orthodontics and prosthetics at The Dental Faculty in Oslo.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[The effects of orthodontic treatment on periodontal findings in adults].

After periodontal therapy 12 patients with advanced alveolar bone loss were orthodontically treated and recalled for approximately 51.1 months. Orthodontic tooth movement resulted in a mean overjet reduction of 1.7 mm, a mean overbite reduction of 1.3 mm and closure of the anterior spaces. No significant differences were observed in the probing depths and attachment levels between the test and control teeth. 31% of the treated teeth showed signs of root resorption. The results indicate that orthodontic therapy in patients with successfully treated advanced periodontal disease does not lead to further attachment loss if the patients are periodontally well maintained.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

The significance of the width and thickness of the gingiva in orthodontic treatment.

The results of the studies reviewed have shown that, while the apico-coronal width of the gingiva is unlikely to affect the development of a recession defect, the thickness of the marginal soft tissue may be essential for the prevention of soft tissue recession in conjunction with orthodontic therapy. The clinical implication of these findings is that tooth movement--particularly tooth movement in facial/lingual direction--should be preceded by careful examination of the dimensions of the tissues covering the "pressure side" of the teeth to be moved. As long as the tooth can be moved within the envelope of the alveolar process, the risk for harmful side-effects in the marginal soft tissue is minimal, irrespective of dimensions or quality of the soft tissue. If, however, the tooth movement is expected to result in the establishment of an alveolar bone dehiscence, the volume (thickness) of the covering soft tissue must be considered as a factor which may influence the development of soft tissue recessions during, as well as after, the phase of active orthodontic therapy. A thin gingiva may serve as a locus minorus resistentiae to developing soft tissue defects in the presence of bacterial plaque. This means that in tooth regions with a thin covering soft tissue, the patient must be encouraged to carry out effective but at the same time non-traumatic plaque control measures. If surgical intervention is considered in order to reduce the risk for development of soft tissue recession following orthodontic therapy, this should aim at increasing the thickness of the covering tissue (e.g. by the use of connective tissue grafts) and not the apico-coronal width of gingiva.

Dental Plaque↗

PubMed1990

[Rates of root resorption in orthodontically moved, periodontally affected and healthy teeth].

The aim of this SEM-study was to obtain a quantitative analysis for comparing the extent of root resorption in orthodontically treated teeth, in teeth with reduced periodontium and in healthy teeth. By using a statistically valid method the highest amount of root resorption was established in orthodontically moved teeth. The teeth with loss of attachment showed a significantly higher amount of root resorption than healthy teeth. This finding complicates orthodontic treatment in teeth with reduced periodontal attachment.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Shape memory alloys for orthodontic use studied with electron beams].

Shape memory alloys, which have the ability to be deformed into a temporary shape and then returned to its original shape giving useful elastic forces, are used in orthodontics field as shaped archs and springs. Their characteristics offer high potentiality to produce new orthodontics devices and to use in implantology. Using different analysis techniques with focussed electron beams, Authors have investigated on the superficial topography, alloy structural composition and on the absorbed elements of superficial layers of Nitinol orthodontics archs. SEM analysis have shown a compact and finished surface. PIXE analysis has quantized the atomic alloy composition in 55% and 45% on nickel and titanium, respectively. Auger spectroscopy and ion sputtering technique have shown that in surface of new archs oxygen and carbon are present up to about 300 A depth.

Alloys↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Surgical-orthodontic aspects in the treatment of vertical excess associated with Class II].

The authors discuss their election for the surgical-orthodontical treatment in the cases in which a vertical excess is associated with class II division 1, proposing that the surgical phase should be preceded by an orthodontical period, so that one can find during the surgical operation an oclusional harmony which makes the stability of the assembly extremely easy. The functional and stable occlusion will be obtained through an orthodontical and post-surgical period.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Morphological changes in the dental arch and the palate during orthodontic treatment].

The changes of the dental arch form after the tooth movement and the sequential changes occurred on the palate during orthodontic treatment were examined in the coordinate system based on the standard point at the palatal vault. The subjects selected for this study were 20 patients of Angle Class II div. 1. Both left and right maxillary premolars were extracted and an edgewise appliance had been treated. The plaster models prepared before and after treatment were used for materials. Only suitable materials were measured as a result of an examination of the reproducibility of the palatal core at the palatal vault. Results obtained were as follows: 1. It was suggested that the dental arch and the palate was mutually effected on each other in the arch length and the arch width. 2. The morphological changes in the dental arch and the palate due to orthodontic treatment was discussed on the basis of the results of Fourier analysis. The dental arch and the area from F division to J division were significantly smaller after orthodontic treatment than before it. The shape became closer to a semicircle. 3. Values representing morphological changes in the dental arch and J division were similar and values representing morphological changes in the other division were getting smaller as the area being close to the palatal vault.

Dental Arch↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Orthodontic radiographic usage by pediatric dentists.

Pediatric educators and practitioners were surveyed to determine the composition of the radiographic examination used to diagnose patient malocclusion; pediatric dentists provide the initial diagnosis for much of the orthodontic service provided to children and adolescents. The initial diagnosis of malocclusion is based on information obtained from a clinical and radiographic examination. Results of the study are based on the 111 pediatric dentists who report providing comprehensive orthodontic treatment. For those who reported providing comprehensive orthodontic therapy, the frequency of ordering each of ten radiographs and the importance of the radiographs to the dentists' diagnosis and treatment plans were measured. The bitewing, lateral cephalometric and panoramic radiographs were the most frequently ordered radiographs for both young and older patients. Radiographic and clinical examinations were judged to be of equal importance to more than fifty percent of the dentists.

Female↗

PubMed1989

[Orthodontic-surgical treatment. Functional rehabilitation phase].

The functional rehabilitation after orthodontical surgery, has a determinant role in achieving therapeutical aims. Author describes the principal rehabilitating active ways after orthodontical surgery to obtain an exact procedure of disgnatic problems. In the article, post surgical rehabilitation problems are explained and there is a description of maintenance appliances. Between these, there is "Prositioner" description which solves a lot of problems in dynamic rehabilitation after orthodontic-surgery.

Humans↗

PubMed1989

[Stabilized position of incisors after orthodontic treatment on reversed occlusion cases with skeletal imbalance. Application of quadrilateral analysis].

This study was made to evaluate the position of the incisors after orthodontic treatment on reversed occlusion cases with skeletal imbalance and to establish norms of the upper and lower central incisors on the quadrilateral (quadrilateral analysis) as the orthodontic treatment objectives through lateral cephalograms. The materials used for this study consisted of twenty-eight posttreatment lateral cephalograms which were taken at more than 2 years after active treatment, and twenty lateral cephalograms which were taken from young-adult females with normal occlusion. The treated samples were of twenty-eight females which were over 14 years old and had reversed occlusion with less than 2 degrees of ANB angle at first examination. These samples were divided into two groups: one consisted of 17 cases females with more than 0 degree of ANB angle and the other of 11 cases with less than 0 degree of ANB. And 11 cases which were treated with multi-bracket appliance alone were selected from the treated samples in order to examine the morphological changes during orthodontic treatment. The results were as follows: 1. In the treated sample the mean profile showed protrusion of the soft pogonion and had slightly forward position of the upper lip and the lower lip, but the outline from the subnasale to the soft pogonion coincided with that of the normal occlusion sample. 2. The ANB angle of the treated sample was smaller than that of the normal occlusion sample so that the mandible of the treated sample was prognathic. 3. The overjet of the treated sample revealed normally in spite of this skeletal disharmony because of compensation by labial inclination of the upper incisors and lingual inclination of the lower incisors. The stronger this skeletal imbalance was, the more the upper incisors inclined labially. But the Ll-Mp showed no difference between the groups which had more than 0 degree of ANB angle and that which less than 0 degree of ANB. 4. The edges of the maxillary and mandibular central incisors always were at a certain place from A'B' line not undergoing an effect of the jaw relationship, and the edge of the mandibular central incisor placed at 8 mm in front of A'B' line. 5. In the treated sample the mandibular central incisor positioned at 1 mm above the occlusal plane. 6. Occlusal plane-A'B' angles in the treated and the normal occlusion samples were revealed about 90 degrees.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Orthodontic diagnosis. Part 3: Soft tissue.

This is the third of a five part article that outlines orthodontic diagnosis for the dental practitioner. Within this journal issue is a complimentary "Yellow Card". The card can serve as an examination record and study guide. This article describes orthodontic diagnosis at the soft tissue level of treatment. The reader must refer to previous publications of this series of articles. Parts 1 and 2 detail orthodontic diagnosis at the skeletal and dental levels of treatment.

Face↗

PubMed1989

[The role of orthodontics and maxillofacial surgery in the treatment of severe dentoskeletal anomalies].

So far the majority of patients with severe dento-facial discrepancies is been treated unfortunately in our country either by orthodontics or by surgery alone. Either way the improvement of dental occlusion and facial esthetics is far behind in excellence because of the nature and peculiarities of these malocclusions. Four cases of patients with severe dento-skeletal anomalies are presented in this paper two of which were treated by orthodontics and the other two by surgery alone. The diagnostic data of each patient before and right after the treatment procedure are described in detail with special emphasis in the cephalometric analysis of the lateral x-ray. The type, the problem and the treatment results in every one of these patients is followingly discussed and criticized. The clear distinction of the possibilities and limitations of both orthodontic and surgical methods compulsively imposes the need for close cooperation and coordination of the two specialties for the successful approach of these discrepancies.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

[Allergic reactions to orthodontic materials and a protocol for the management of patients].

Performing orthodontic treatment in patients presented with history of allergy is not frequent, but still not unusual. It is absolutely necessary that the orthodontist realizes the possibility of patient's hypersensitivity towards the various orthodontic materials, especially the ones which contain nickel. Information regarding previous allergic reactions, reference of the patient for epicutaneous patch testing and modification of the treatment plan are important components of the proper management of such patients in the orthodontic practice.

Dental Alloys↗

PubMed1989

[Changes and stability of the cant of occlusal plane following orthodontic treatment].

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of the cant of occlusal plane during and after orthodontic treatment. Materials consisted of lateral roentgenocephalograms of 42 patients treated with full brackets system. Cephalograms were taken at following 4 stages; the beginning of orthodontic treatment, the beginning of retention, the end of mechanical retention and 3 years after the end of retention. Measurements were done at following angles and distance. 1. SN--occlusal plane angle 2. palatal plane--occlusal plane angle 3. mandibular plane--occlusal plane angle 4. Xi point--occlusal plane distance The results were as follows: 1. The SN-occlusal plane angle tended to decrease as time passed, although the pattern of the changes was different among Cl. I, Cl. II and Cl. III groups. 2. The changes of the occlusal plane mainly occurred within the limit of alveolar process. 3. Extension line of the occlusal plane tended to be close to the Xi point as time passed. 4. When the SN--occlusal plane angle was changed largely during the orthodontic treatment, it tended to relapse more after treatment.

Adolescent↗