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[Learning of the process of nursing diagnosis by nursing students. An experiment at the San Miniato School].

In order to guarantee the quality of health care, it is necessary that the care focus on patients' needs. This requires that care givers possess diagnostic competency skills that allow them to quickly identify the patients' needs, using suitable methods and instruments. In Italy, the development of diagnostic competency skills is generally overlooked in nursing schools; this is due in part to the lack of applied and experimental educational models in teaching and training. During the 1992-1993 year, a didactic teaching intervention to assist students in the acquisition of diagnostic skills was tested. The sample included all students in the third year class of the San Miniato nursing school. The Zanotti's model "Nursing as a stimulus for health-harmony" was used as framework. The purpose of the research was to test: (a) validity and reliability of a new needs' analysis model; (b) the effectiveness of a didactic method for the acquisition of such a model by the students. Students enhanced their skills in data assessment and shifted from the medical perspective to the nursing perspective in using those data to evaluate the patient's status.

Education, Nursing↗

Participation in the research process. Action research in nursing.

Research findings are often not applied to clinical practice because nurses do not understand them or do not know how to apply them. Action research allows nurses to undertake research in the local setting, providing ample opportunity for re-evaluation and feedback.

Clinical Nursing Research↗

[Family nursing interventions during hospitalization].

More and more, families are being included in the nursing process. However, defining family nursing interventions still presents a challenge. Specific knowledge, abilities and attitudes are required to intervene with more than one person at a time. Observing the family in action enables the nurse to identify specific needs that generally fall into one of four types: cognitive, affective, physical and spiritual. These needs are then validated with family members to develop an appropriate care plan. If the care plan is based on Roy's model, family behaviors and contributing factors will be noted. If Orem's model is chosen, family abilities will be analysed to identify the problem solving difficulties family members have. A nursing diagnosis will then be made. As well, co-evolving objectives will take into account elements of change theory such as allowing time for change, being conscious of everyone's perception of the problem and not expecting every family member to change in the same way. Nurses play various roles with families. They offer support, and act as role models and educators. Their responsibilities can be shared with colleagues through care plans and nursing notes.

Family↗