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At least 1,657 records · Page 92Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Epstein-Barr virus in epithelial cell tumors: a breast cancer study.

The human herpes virus Epstein-Barr (EBV) is clearly associated with African Burkitt's lymphoma and the undifferentiated from of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, although its role in oncogenesis is still poorly defined. Recently EBV has been implicated in other types of lymphomas, as well as in some nonlymphomatous neoplastic processes. Its possible association with human breast cancer has been investigated here. DNA from 91 cases of breast carcinoma and blood samples from the same patients were amplified with the PCR over a region in the EBV BamHIW major repeat sequence following a single-step amplification protocol. Nineteen samples (21%) were found to be positive; 10 samples of blood (only 3 of them from patients with EBV-positive tumors) were found by the adopted protocol to contain EBV DNA. Another series of PCR amplifications using primers covering a unique (nonreiterated) fragment in BamHIC encoding the EBERs (two short nonpolyadenylated RNAs generally highly expressed in cells latently infected with EBV) confirmed these findings. A good correlation between the two sets of experiments was observed, and only five differences in results were obtained on samples tested. In situ hybridization was carried out using BamHIW biotinylated DNA probes or EBER-1 digoxigenin-labeled riboprobes with the aim of confirming as well as localizing the signal to the epithelial cell. Twelve sections (63%) among the PCR-positive samples were found positive by in situ hybridization with the DNA probe, and six (31.5%) sections were found with the RNA probe. Twenty-one samples from benign breast tumors or normal breast tissue were used as controls for PCR amplification in this study, none of which was found positive. This is the first known report showing positive results for EBV in breast cancer. No statistical association was found in these studies between the presence of EBV and the histological type of the tumor, however. Its role therefore remains for the moment unknown, as well as does the significance of the association of EBV with only a subset of the cases.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

[Lung metastases from tumors at different sites].

A comparative study of necropsy material is carried out for the period of 1974-1983. For these ten years 11603 autopsies are performed. In 222 cases neoplastic processes with different lung metastases are obligatory, which makes 1.8% of total number of cases. The primary sites of these metastases are as follows: tumor of the stomach (26), breast (33), bile duct (10), bile ways (3), liver (13), large intestine (30), incretory glands (31), etc. The morphological evolution shows that the histologic type of the primary tumors varies (carcinomas, malignant lymphomas, teratocarcinomas, sarcomas, neuroblastomas, etc.). In some cases (carcinomas of the kidneys and liver, sarcomas of the bones) the histologic type of the primary tumor is identical to that of the Metastatic processes in the lungs. In some of the lung metastases however there are differences in the histological structure compared to the primary tumors. A clinical morphological comparative study is performed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A case of coexisting stomach adenocarcinoma and granulomatosis located below the diaphragm].

A case of the adenocarcinoma of the stomach coexisting with malignant granulomatosis is being presented. Clinical stage of the latter was defined, using also a specimen collected during laparotomy, as 11B below diaphragm. Cytostatics (MOPP/ABV hybrid.), started after gastrectomy, enabled complete remission within 6 months; no recurrence of the granulomatosis was noted. Relationship between these two neoplastic processes has been discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

MRI of the inner ear.

The recent advances in MRI of the temporal bone brought about by the availability of intravenous contrast agents sensitive to the disruption of blood-brain barrier have further expanded the role of MRI in the evaluation of patients with vestibulocochlear symptoms. Not only can MRI be used to diagnose vestibular schwannomas (and other intracanalicular and cerebellopontine angle lesions mimicking it) with a high degree of accuracy, but it can now identify a variety of inflammatory and neoplastic processes of the membranous labyrinth which, in the past, were only made presumptively and occasionally confirmed by surgery and pathology. This enhanced diagnostic capacity of diseases of the vestibular cochlear system may help in the future to improve the management of these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Peritonitis of large-bowel origin--complicated colorectal carcinoma].

A total of 803 patients presenting colorectal carcinoma are operated on over a 14-year period (1979 through 1992). In 272 cases (33.8 per cent) the disease runs a complicated clinical course. Perforative peritonitis is recorded in 29 cases-10.6 per cent of the total number of patients with complicated course, and 3.6 per cent of the total number subjected to operation. Ileus peritonitis free of perforation is discovered in twenty-seven cases-9.5 per cent of 272, and 3.23 per cent of the total number-803. The microbiological study of abdominal cavity exudate from the patients with ileus peritonitis points to predomination of anaerobic micro-organisms, having an essential practical bearing on performing adequate perioperative and postoperative antibiotic treatment, and peritoneal cavity lavage during the operation. Radical two-staged operations with removal of the perforated neoplastic process in the first stage and preternatural anus formation are the method of choice. Palliative operations leaving the perforated carcinoma within the abdominal cavity account for 100 per cent lethality. A radical one-staged operation is indicated only in the event of localized peritonitis, young patients, preserved good general condition, usually following right hemicolectomy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Chronic mastoiditis mimicking recurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: report of a case.

A nasopharyngeal mass with cranial neuropathies usually indicates an advanced neoplastic process. We present a case of nasopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosed and treated 38 years ago. A nasopharyngeal mass recurred with cranial neuropathies and concurrent otologic infection in June, 1990. Repeated nasopharyngeal biopsies were negative with respect to tumors. Suspecting direct extension of the otologic infection, modified radical mastoidectomy was performed. The nasopharyngeal mass resolved after the surgical intervention. Spread of otologic infection from the temporal bone to the nasopharynx may be more common than was previously thought. Clinicians should modify diagnostic approaches in patients with a nasopharyngeal mass and concurrent otologic disease.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1994

[Biventricular inflow tract compression by chronic organized hemopericardium in Caplan syndrome].

We report the case of a 59-year old patient with the rare combination of silicosis and rheumatoid arthritis, which is called Caplan's syndrome. The patient presented with right heart failure caused by a pericardial tumor compressing the right and the left ventricle. By means of several imaging techniques it was possible to elucidate the topographic relations of the tumor. Definite signs of malignant growth were not found. Despite his elevated perioperative risk we decided to operate on the patient. During the operation macroscopic and histologic evidence revealed that the tumor was not a neoplastic process but consisted of an organized hemopericardium. This demonstrates that pericarditis in rheumatoid arthritis can be hemorrhagic and can mimick a malignant pericardial tumor. The decision to operate was first supported by the findings of the applied imaging techniques, the normal endomyocardial biopsy, and the clinical course and were later confirmed in situ.

Caplan Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

The biology of meningiomas.

Biochemical and molecular biological analyses of central nervous system tumors have progressed considerably in the last two decades. It may soon be possible to reclassify tumors according to biochemical or genetic criteria that relate directly to the tumor's individual biologic potential. Beyond informing a prognosis, these studies may also indicate strategies by which a tumor's biologic destiny can be altered or interrupted. With regard to meningiomas, this promise has not yet been fulfilled, although new agents such as mifepristone are achieving modest success. The greatest efforts thus far have been devoted to the study of sex steroid receptors. Historically, interest in this line of inquiry was enlivened by perceived parallels with hormone receptors identified in breast cancer tissue. Although investigative results have varied widely, a consensus has emerged that a majority of meningiomas harbor genuine PR and AR. These results are now confirmed by powerful molecular biologic techniques that interrogate for the presence of specific receptor mRNA. Whether these proteins represent functioning receptors remains highly controversial. Neither in vitro stimulation studies nor clinical experience has disclosed a consistent or convincing pattern of response to resolve this question. The possibility exists that the expression of these specific receptor proteins is but an epiphenomenon, the signature of the underlying neoplastic process, but functionally disconnected from its initiation or maintenance. The role that polypeptide growth factors and neurohumoral agents have in the biology of meningiomas is not yet clear but is an area of intense investigative effort. Attempts to elucidate the activity and interplay of these substances in in vitro cell culture assays have yielded inconsistent outcomes. These assays are extremely complex, and the results can be dramatically influenced by a host of recognized and unrecognized variables making interlaboratory comparisons difficult. A fundamental unknown is the fidelity of such cell culture assays in mirroring the in vivo biology of a given tumor. At least some of these difficulties are overcome in the direct molecular analysis of the tumor genome, which identifies specific genes and gene products in the primary specimen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Cell Division↗
PubMed1978

Angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy. Report of a case with pleural effusion.

A 78-year old man is presented with a characteristic case history and physical and laboratory findings typical of angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia (AILD). The disease had an acute onset with constitutional symptoms, generalized lymphadenopathy and hepato-splenomegaly. The presence of a large pleural effusion was of particular interest. Histologically the distinctive feature was a pronounced proliferation of small blood vessels and immunoblasts in the lymph nodes. Management of patient with AILD is problematic. Since AILD is a non-neoplastic process, symptomatic treatment with small doses of steroids, if necessary, would seem to be the best therapeutic approach. However, in our patient, as well as in other cases reported in the literature, a rapid and long standing (18 months so far in our case) complete remission was obtained with a short cycle of chemiotherapy.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Basal cell nevus syndrome and medulloblastoma: a case report.

The basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by multiple nevoid basal-cell carcinomas of the skin, recurrent odontogenic keratocysts, skeletal anomalies, developmental malformations, and the predisposition to other neoplastic processes. Among the well known relationships of the syndrome with cancer is that of medulloblastoma. The first known case of BCNS with medulloblastoma in Puerto Rico is presented.

Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

Spontaneous CSF communication to the middle ear and external auditory canal. A case report.

A 27-year-old female with no history of trauma, surgery, infection, or neoplastic process was evaluated for the spontaneous onset of vomiting, headache, and loss of balance. Initial studies demonstrated extensive pneumocephalus. CT revealed a lytic, expansile defect of the right petrous bone, while intrathecal contrast images demonstrated flow of CSF that implied coincidental perforation of the tympanic membrane. MR imaging demonstrated a continuity of CSF signal. The patient underwent surgery to repair the CSF leak and a dural patch was applied. No symptoms of pneumocephalus were seen after surgery and the patient's condition improved.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Enzymes transducing extracellular signals in acute myeloid human leukemias.

The ectoenzymes gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) and the PIP2 phospholipid phospholipase-C (PLC), a second messenger generating enzyme active on the cytoplasmic membrane bilayer, were biochemically investigated in leukemic cells isolated from 67 patients with acute leukemia. Six groups were distinguished on the basis of morphology, cytochemistry and immunophenotyping according to the FAB classification: M0, M1-M2, M3, M4, M5 and CML blast crisis (CML-BC). The activity of PLC ranged from 0.6 to 14.5 nmol/min/mg without a significant difference among groups, whereas the gamma-GT activity varied significantly from 0 to 31.6 nmol/min/mg. The highest mean activity was measured in monoblastic leukemia (M5), followed by groups M4, CML-BC and M0 (undifferentiated) while the lowest activity was found in M1-M2 and M3 groups. Within each group, activity distribution profiles of both enzymes never correlated with each other, suggesting that in leukemic cells functional-structural constituents of both membrane leaflets were independently affected by the neoplastic process.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

Influence of prolactin on carcinogen-induced leukemogenesis in Long-Evans rats.

Hypophysectomy of rats bearing 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene-induced leukemia has been reported to result in a prompt and persistent regression of the leukemia. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not marked alterations in prolactin secretion would influence this neoplastic process. To determine this, immature male and female Long-Evans rats were divided into three groups: Group 1, controls; Group 2, pituitary grafted (hyperprolactinemia); and Group 3, 2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine-treated (hypoprolactinemia). Two weeks after the initial treatment and at 2-week intervals thereafter (6 total), each rat was given a single intragastric intubation of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (10 mg/rat). Two months after the initial carcinogen treatment and at 2- to 3-week intervals thereafter, all rats had liver biopsies for the identification of leukemia. Results clearly show that despite nearly 10-fold difference in mean serum prolactin levels in the three groups of female rats and nearly a 20-fold difference in the level of this hormone in male rats, no significant differences in the magnitude of this leukemogenic process could be detected. Thus, striking changes in prolactin secretion do not appear to influence significantly this leukemogenic process.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1994

Diagnostic ultrasound in dermatology: current uses and future potential.

Although ultrasound has been used for many years for a variety of medical diagnostic purposes, only recently have systems been designed that allow for its application to skin. High-resolution ultrasound systems now permit accurate, quantitative, noninvasive assessment of skin and cutaneous diseases. This technique will assist in the management of both inflammatory and neoplastic processes. Scans of skin obtained with a prototype high-resolution ultrasound system are presented. The computer-assisted creation of three-dimensional images from sequential B-mode scans is described.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bilateral breast cancer].

Rare case of women with inflammatory neoplasma in the right breast and left gigantic breast is presented. Detailed examination of the left breast showed neoplastic process, too.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effect of vitamin C administration on the ratio between the pro- and antioxidative factors.

Much evidence gathered in the last years involve the free radicals (FR) in the mechanisms of initiation, development of neoplastic transformations in vivo and in vitro, as well as in the activity of specific oncogenes. Most of it comes from the fact that the agents that remove the FR or interfere in the chain of events induced by FR can inhibit the neoplastic process both at cellular and molecular level. The antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activities of vitamin C have been intensely investigated, vitamin C being considered the most important antioxidant protective agent in the plasma. Our study is focused on the changes in lipid peroxides (MDA), free SH groups and the total antioxidative capacity in the plasma of 22 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer operated and treated with 131I, and then given 1 g vitamin C/day along one month. Blood samples were collected before 131I and then 4 days following 131I administration, and after 1 month of vitamin C administration per os. The following results were noted: (1) an increase of MDA concentration after 131I; (2) a decrease in the MDA level after one month of vitamin C administration; (3) an increase in the concentration of free SH groups after 131I; (4) a decrease in the level of free SH after vitamin C, and (5) a non-significant decrease in TAC after 131I and vitamin C. The results confirm the change in the balance between the oxidative and antioxidative factors under the effect of ionizing radiations and suggest the involvement of vitamin C as a protective and/or potentiating factor for the other antioxidative systems.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Diagnosis and treatment of neoplastic diseases of extrahepatic bile ducts and major duodenal papilla].

Fifty-three operations were conducted on 48 patients for tumors of the extrahepatic bile ducts and the major duodenal papilla. Early diagnosis of this pathological condition is very difficult, which affects directly the results of treatment; 18% of patients underwent radical operations. Modern diagnostic methods--computer tomography, ultrasonic examination, and endoscopic retrograde pancreatocholangiography made it possible to detect neoplastic diseases in all of the examined patients. Radical surgical treatment is expedient in distal localization of the neoplastic process and in the absence of metastases. Endoscopic and puncture methods of decompression of the bile ducts are indicated in diffuse forms of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Immunologic abnormalities in a patient with multiple neoplasms.

Pernicious anemia, antithyroid antibodies, IgG(K) M component, depressed production of other immunoglobulins and impaired function of peripheral blood lymphocytes developed in a patient with adenocarcinoma of the colon, transitional-cell carcinoma of the tongue and clear-cell parathyroid adenoma. This case demonstrates that immunologic abnormalities and multiple malignant neoplasms may coexist in one patient. It lends support to the hypothesis that neoplastic processes and autoimmunity may both be related to impaired immune surveillance.

Adenocarcinoma↗